COMORBIDITY 2007<940>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007397387
Authors Bellantuono C. Barraco A. Rossi A. Goetz I.
Institution
(Bellantuono) Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
(Barraco, Rossi) Eli Lilly Italia S.p.A, Italy.
(Goetz) Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The management of bipolar mania: A national survey of baseline data from the EMBLEM study in Italy.
Source
BMC Psychiatry. 7, 2007. Article Number: 33. Date of Publication: 19 Jul 2007.
Abstract
Background: Although a number of studies have assessed the management of mania in routine clinical practice, no studies have so far evaluated the short- and long-term management and outcome of patients affected by bipolar mania in different European countries. The objective of the study is to present, in the context of a large multicenter survey (EMBLEM study), an overview of the baseline data on the acute management of a representative sample of manic bipolar patients treated in the Italian psychiatric hospital and community settings. EMBLEM is a 2-year observational longitudinal study that evaluates across 14 European countries the patterns of the drug prescribed in patients with bipolar mania, their socio-demographic and clinical features and the outcomes of the treatment. Methods: The study consists of a 12-week acute phase and a [less-than or equal to] 24-month maintenance phase. Bipolar patients were included into the study as in- or out-patients, if they initiated or changed, according to the decision of their psychiatrist, oral antipsychotics, anticonvulsants and/or lithium for the treatment of an episode of mania. Data concerning socio-demographic characteristics, psychiatric and medical history, severity of mania, prescribed medications, functional status and quality of life were collected at baseline and during the follow-up period. Results: In Italy, 563 patients were recruited in 56 sites: 376 were outpatients and 187 inpatients. The mean age was 45.8 years. The mean CGI-BP was 4.4 (+/- 0.9) for overall score and mania, 1.9 (+/- 1.2) for depression and 2.6 (+/- 1.6) for hallucinations/delusions. The YMRS showed that 14.4% had a total score < 12, 25.1% [greater-than or equal to] 12 and < 20, and 60.5% [greater-than or equal to] 20. At entry, 75 patients (13.7%) were treatment-naive, 186 (34.1%) were receiving a monotherapy (of which haloperidol [24.2%], valproate [16.7%] and lithium [14.5%] were the most frequently prescribed) while 285 (52.2%) a combined therapy (of which 8.0% were represented by haloperidol/lithium combinations). After a switch to an oral medication, 137 patients (24.8%) were prescribed a monotherapy while the rest (415, 75.2%) received a combination of drugs. Conclusion: Data collected at baseline in the Italian cohort of the EMBLEM study represent a relevant source of information to start addressing the short and long-term therapeutic strategies for improving the clinical as well as the socio-economic outcomes of patients affected by bipolar mania. Although it's not an epidemiological investigation and has some limitations, the results show several interesting findings as a relatively late age of onset of bipolar disorder, a low rate of past suicide attempts, a low lifetime rate of alcohol abuse and drug addiction. copyright 2007 Bellantuono et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name BMC Psychiatry
Volume 7
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication 19 Jul 2007
COMORBIDITY 2007<945>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007469190
Authors Green B. Kavanagh D.J. Young R.McD.
Institution
(Green) Community Forensic Mental Health Service, 42 Albert St, Brisbane, 4000, Australia.
(Kavanagh) School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
(Young) Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, QueenslandUniversity of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Predictors of cannabis use in men with and without psychosis.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 32(12)(pp 2879-2887), 2007. Date of Publication: Dec 2007.
Abstract
Background: Factors associated with cannabis use among people with psychosis are not well understood. Aims: To examine whether people with psychosis and age-matched controls modified cannabis use in response to recent experiences. Method: This study predicted 4 weeks of cannabis use prospectively, using expectancies derived from recent occasions of use. Results: People with psychosis used cannabis less frequently than controls, but had more cannabis-related problems. More negative cannabis expectancies resulted in less frequent cannabis use over Follow-up. The psychosis group was more likely to moderate cannabis use after negative effects than controls. Conclusions: Results offer optimism about abilities of people with psychosis to moderate cannabis use in the short term. copyright 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 32
Issue Part 12
Page 2879-2887
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication Dec 2007
COMORBIDITY 2007<954>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007464246
Authors Mikulich-Gilbertson S.K. Salomonsen-Sautel S. Sakai J.T. Booth R.E.
Institution
(Mikulich-Gilbertson, Salomonsen-Sautel, Sakai, Booth) Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, United States.
(Mikulich-Gilbertson) Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, Health Sciences Center, 4200 E. 9th Avenue #C268-35, Denver, CO 80262, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Gender similarities and differences in antisocial behavioral syndromes among injection drug users.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 16(5)(pp 372-382), 2007. Date of Publication: Sep 2007.
Abstract
Studies report that more female substance users meet the adult antisocial behavioral (AASB) criteria of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) without having conduct disorder. We assessed gender and antisocial syndrome (ASPD vs. AASB) effects jointly on multiple outcomes in injection drug users. More males had ASPD (40%) and more females had AASB (67%). After adjusting for gender, the ASPD group was consistently more severe, indicating discriminative validity for the diagnosis. However, the AASB group reported substantial pathology, signifying AASB as an important sub-threshold antisocial syndrome. Antisocial behavior might be described as a distribution, with AASB and ASPD defined by increasingly extreme points. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 16
Issue Part 5
Page 372-382
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication Sep 2007
COMORBIDITY 2007<958>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007464242
Authors Tang Y.-L. Kranzler H.R. Gelernter J. Farrer L.A. Cubells J.F.
Institution
(Tang, Gelernter, Cubells) Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, VA Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven, CT, United States.
(Kranzler) Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States.
(Farrer) Departments of Medicine, Neurology, Genetics and Genomics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, BostonUniversity, Boston, MA, United States.
(Tang, Cubells) Department of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, EmoryUniversitySchool of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
(Cubells) Department of Human Genetics, EmoryUniversitySchool of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Atlanta, GA30322, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and their association with cocaine-induced psychosis in cocaine-dependent subjects.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 16(5)(pp 343-351), 2007. Date of Publication: Sep 2007.
Abstract
Comorbidity between drug abuse and mental illness is very common, but the association of such comorbidity with specific responses to drugs of abuse remains obscure. The current study examined the relationship between the presence of non-psychotic Axis I psychiatric diagnoses and the frequency and severity of cocaine-induced psychosis. We interviewed 243 unrelated cocaine-dependent adults [37% European American (EA), 52.3% African American (AA); 58.8% male] using the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA) to establish DSM-IV diagnoses, and two instruments for the identification of cocaine-induced paranoia, the Cocaine Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms for Cocaine-Induced Psychosis (SAPS-CIP). Comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders were common in this cocaine-dependent sample. Ninety percent of subjects met criteria for substance use disorders other than cocaine dependence; common non-substance-use disorders included antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), adult ASPD, major depression, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Comorbid opioid dependence was more common in EA subjects than in AA participants. After correction for multiple comparisons, a lifetime diagnosis of ADHD was associated with the categorical presence of CIP (p = 0.007), as well as significantly more severe CIP symptoms. Comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders are very common among individuals with cocaine dependence. Comorbid ADHD increases the odds of an individual endorsing CIP, suggesting some common basis for these phenomena. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 16
Issue Part 5
Page 343-351
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication Sep 2007
COMORBIDITY 2007<970>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007460345
Authors Bogenschutz M.P.
Institution
(Bogenschutz) University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Psychiatry, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
(Bogenschutz) Department of Psychiatry, MSC09-50301, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
12-Step approaches for the dually diagnosed: Mechanisms of change.
Source
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 31(SUPPL. 3)(pp 64S-66S), 2007. Date of Publication: Oct 2007.
Abstract
Background: Existing data indicate that 12-step program involvement is associated with improved outcomes in the dually diagnosed, but there are questions concerning the magnitude and mechanisms of this effect in various dually diagnosed populations. Methods: Publications identified in a comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to 12-step programs and patients with addictions and co-occurring psychiatric disorders were reviewed for any content relevant to understanding the process of change involving dually diagnosed patients involved with 12-step programs. Results: Dually diagnosed individuals attend 12-step programs at rates comparable to the nondually diagnosed, although specific diagnoses may have some effect on attendance. The benefits of 12-step attendance do not appear to be markedly different for those with psychiatric disorders. Specialized 12-step programs could have benefits for the dually diagnosed over and above those of traditional 12-step programs. Existing data suggest that nonspecific change mechanisms (self-efficacy, social support) are similar to those found in the general AA literature. Conclusions: Based on existing data, the change mechanisms are broadly similar to those found in the general 12-step literature, but additional factors related to mental illness may also play a significant role. Further work is necessary to test the components of this model and to achieve a firm empirical foundation for understanding the processes of 12-step recovery in the dually diagnosed. copyright 2007 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.
ISSN 0145-6008
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
Volume 31
Issue Part SUPPL. 3
Page 64S-66S
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication Oct 2007
COMORBIDITY 2007 <120>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007279711
Authors Potvin S. Mancini-Marie A. Fahim C. Mensour B. Stip E.
Institution
(Potvin, Mancini-Marie, Fahim, Mensour, Stip) University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Processing of social emotion in patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorder: An fMRI study.
Source
Social Neuroscience. 2(2)(pp 106-116), 2007. Date of Publication: Jun 2007.
Abstract
The lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders among schizophrenia patients is close to 50%. The negative consequences of substance abuse in schizophrenia are well documented, but the aetiology of this comorbid condition remains unknown. Mounting evidence suggests that dual-diagnosis patients have fewer negative symptoms and better social skills, compared to non-abusing patients. We hypothesized that schizophrenia patients with substance use disorder (SCZ-SUD) would display increased cerebral activations in response to socioemotional stimuli, relative to patients with no SUD (SCZ). Schizophrenia patients (DSM-IV criteria) were divided into two groups: patients with (n = 12) and without (n = 11) substance use (alcohol and/or cannabis). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), patients were scanned during passive viewing of an emotional film excerpt with social content. Loci of activation were identified in the right mPFC (BA 10) and the right supramarginal gyrus (BA 40) in SCZ-SUD patients, and in the left pons in SCZ patients. Relative to SCZ patients, increased loci of activation were found in the right superior parietal cortex (BA 7) and the left medial prefrontal cortex (BA 10) in SCZ-SUD patients, who reported higher subjective emotional experience on a self-report scale. To our knowledge, this is the first fMRI study to assess social emotions in dual-diagnosis schizophrenia. Our results suggest that socioemotional processing may be less impaired in dual diagnosis, which recruited brain regions seemingly involved in "social cognition." Further studies on the topic are warranted.
ISSN 1747-0919
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Social Neuroscience
Volume 2
Issue Part 2
Page 106-116
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication Jun 2007
COMORBIDITY 2007<134>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007273979
Authors Barnett J.H. Werners U. Secher S.M. Hill K.E. Brazil R. Masson K. Pernet D.E. Kirkbride J.B. Murray G.K. Bullmore E.T. Jones P.B.
Institution
(Barnett, Werners, Secher, Pernet, Kirkbride, Bullmore, Jones) Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
(Hill, Brazil, Masson, Murray) Cameo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
(Barnett) Department of Psychiatry, Box 189, Addenbrooke's Hospital, CambridgeCB2 2QQ, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Substance use in a population-based clinic sample of people with first-episode psychosis.
Source
British Journal of Psychiatry. 190(JUNE)(pp 515-520), 2007. Date of Publication: Jun 2007.
Abstract
Background: Substance use is implicated in the cause and course of psychosis. Aims: To characterise substance and alcohol use in an epidemiologically representative treatment sample of people experiencing a first psychotic episode in south Cambridgeshire. Method: Current and lifetime substance use was recorded for 123 consecutive referrals to a specialist early intervention service. Substance use was compared with general population prevalence estimates from the British Crime Survey. Results: Substance use among people with first-episode psychosis was twice that of the general population and was more common in men than women. Cannabis abuse was reported in 51% of patients (n=62) and alcohol abuse in 43% (n=53). More than half (n=68, 55%) had used Class A drugs, and 38% (n=43) reported polysubstance abuse. Age at first use of cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy and amphetamine was significantly associated with age at first psychotic symptom. Conclusions: Substance misuse is present in the majority of people with first-episode psychosis and has major implications for management. The association between age at first substance use and first psychotic symptoms has public health implications.
ISSN 0007-1250
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name British Journal of Psychiatry
Volume 190
Issue Part JUNE
Page 515-520
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication Jun 2007
COMORBIDITY 2007<202>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007241797
Authors Luty J. Sarkhel A. O'Gara C. Umoh O.
Institution
(Luty, Sarkhel) Taylor Centre, Southend on Sea, Essex, United Kingdom.
(O'Gara) Institute of Psychiatry, MaudsleyHospital, London, United Kingdom.
(Umoh) Child and Family Service, Southend on Sea, Essex, United Kingdom.
(Luty) Taylor Centre, Queensway House, Essex Street, Southend on Sea, EssexSS4 1RB, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Prevalence of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in opiate-dependent adults.
Source
International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. 11(2)(pp 157-162), 2007. Date of Publication: 2007.
Abstract
Background. There is a clear association between childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders in adulthood. Symptoms of attention deficit disorder may also persist into adulthood. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of childhood ADHD in a sample of treatment seeking opiate-dependent adults. Methods. Treatment-seeking opiate-dependent subjects completed the Utah adult ADHD screening test and the self-report early delinquency scale. Results. A total of 15% were "likely" and 49 were "highly likely" to have suffered ADHD in childhood. The averages scores for the delinquency scales were over 6 times those reported from population norms. Conclusion. Symptoms of childhood ADHD is common in adults with opiate dependence. The residual symptoms in adults should be investigated as may be amenable to newer treatments for adult attention deficit disorder. copyright 2007 Taylor & Francis.
ISSN 1365-1501
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice
Volume 11
Issue Part 2
Page 157-162
Year of Publication 2007
Date of Publication 2007
COMORBIDITY 2007<220>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007216575
Authors Wynn R.
Institution
(Wynn) Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Prior psychotic episodes among patients in a substance abuse clinic.
Source
Journal of Substance Use. 12(2)(pp 127-132), 2007. Date of Publication: Apr 2007.
Abstract
Aims: To examine the occurrence of comorbid non-substance abuse axis-1 disorders among patients being treated for substance abuse. Design, setting and participants: Prospective study of patients admitted to a Norwegian clinic for substance abuse treatment. All patients in treatment during a 3-month period were invited to participate. Measurements: Patients were clinically interviewed and MINI and GAF were scored. Data were analysed with Chi-square tests and multiple regression analyses. Findings: Twenty-four patients (77.4%) participated, of whom 91.7% had at least one comorbid non-substance abuse axis-1 disorder. Of the patients, 70.8% had suffered a psychotic episode and prior episodes of psychosis occurred significantly more often among those who had a main abuse of amphetamines. Many patients also abused benzodiazepines and/or cannabis as secondary substances. Conclusions: A high level of prior psychotic episodes could be related to a high use of amphetamine and cannabis, and possibly to a shortage of low-threshold treatment for substance abuse in the catchment area.