Check Your Understanding

Name ______Period ______Date ______

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. What did E. C. Tolman’s experiments on rats show?

a. that the Skinner box worked

b. how classical conditioning works

c. the effectiveness of negative reinforcement

d. that reinforcement is not always necessary for learning

2. People who watch a lot of violence on television are more likely to be violent in part because of

a. observational learning.

b. classical conditioning.

c. negative reinforcement.

d. systematic desensitization.

3. Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

a. shaping

b. programmed learning

c. modeling

d. previewing

4. Mental picture is another term for which of the following?

a. cognitive map

b. modeling

c. preview

d. none of the above

5. Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

a. rewarding yourself when you succeed in changing your behavior

b. learning that a behavior is encouraged by watching others

c. shielding children from media violence

d. using time-out to discourage misbehavior