Part 1

For questions 1 - 12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Mark your answers on the paper provided.

Example:0B

0 / A / amount / B / figure / C / sum / D / quantity

The early railway in Britain

In 1830, there were under 100 miles of public railway in Britain. Yet within 20 years, this (0) ...... had grown to more than 5,000 miles. By the end of the century, almost enough rail track to (1) ...... the world covered this small island, (2) ...... the nature of travel for ever and contributing to the industrial revolution that changed the (3) ..... of history in many parts of the world.

Wherever railways were introduced, economic and social progress quickly (4) ...... In a single day, rail passengers could travel hundreds of miles, (5) ...... previous journey times by huge margins and bringing rapid travel within the (6) ...... of ordinary people. Previously, many people had never ventured beyond the outskirts of their towns and villages. The railway brought them (7) ...... freedom and enlightenment.

In the 19th century, the railway in Britain (8) ...... something more than just the business of carrying goods and passengers. Trains were associated with romance, adventure and, frequently, (9) ...... luxury. But the railways (10) ...... more than revolutionise travel; they also (11) ...... a distinctive and permanent mark on the British landscape. Whole towns and industrial centres (12) ...... up around major rail junctions, monumental bridges and viaducts crossed rivers and valleys and the railway stations themselves became desirable places to spend time between journeys.

1 / A / revolve / B / enclose / C / encircle / D / orbit
2 / A / altering / B / amending / C / adapting / D / adjusting
3 / A / route / B / way / C / line / D / course
4 / A / pursued / B / followed / C / succeeded / D / chased
5 / A / cancelling / B / subtracting / C / cutting / D / abolishing
6 / A / reach / B / capacity / C / facility / D / hold
7 / A / larger / B / higher / C / bigger / D / greater
8 / A / served / B / functioned / C / represented / D / performed
9 / A / considerable / B / generous / C / plentiful / D / sizeable
10 / A / caused / B / did / C / produced / D / turned
11 / A / laid / B / set / C / settled / D / left
12 / A / jumped / B / stood / C / burst / D / sprang

Part 2

For questions 13 - 27, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the paper provided.

Example: 0TO

Enjoy the benefits of stress!

Are you looking forward to another busy week? You should be, according (0) ...... some experts. They argue that the stress encountered in (13) ...... daily lives is not only good for us, but essential to survival. They say that the response to stress, which creates a chemical called adrenalin, helps the mind and body to act quickly (14) ...... emergencies. Animals and human beings use it to meet the hostile conditions (15) ...... exist on the planet.

The pressures of everyday life are undeniable, but many experts consider the current strategies we use to deal with them to (16) ...... inadequate and often dangerous. They believe that (17) ...... of trying to manage our response to stress by (18) ...... of drugs and relaxation techniques, we must actually exploit stress. Apparently, research shows that people (19) ...... create conditions of stress for (20) ...... by doing exciting and risky sports or looking for challenges, cope much better with life’s problems. Activities of this type (21) ...... been shown to create a lot of emotion; people may actually cry or feel extremely uncomfortable. But there is a point (22) ...... which they realise they have succeeded and know that it was a positive experience. This is because we learn through challenge and difficulty. That’s (23) ...... we get our wisdom. Few of (24) ...... , unfortunately, understand (25) ...... fact. For example, many people believe they suffer from stress at work, and take time off (26) ...... a result. Yet it has been found in some companies that by far (27) ...... healthiest people are those with the most responsibility. So next time you’re in a stressful situation, just remember that it will be a positive learning experience and could also benefit your health!

Part 3

For questions 28 - 37, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the paper provided.

Example:0RECOGNITION

Autumn colours

1

A new term is rapidly gaining (0) ...... in the American language – a ‘leaf peeper’ is someone who, in autumn, is on the (28) ...... for areas where the leaves of deciduous trees have changed colour. In New England, in the USA, ‘leaf peeping’ is big business, generating millions of dollars annually. The first report that leaves are changing colour sets off an (29) ...... of ‘peepers’ thus causing serious obstruction on some roads. Thousands of people log on to websites in their (30) ...... to find the location of the trees that have foliage in the most (31) ...... colours.
The popularity of ‘leaf tourism’ is well established in New England, and the changing colours of autumn provide an annual (32) ...... point. The colours vary from year to year since the (33) ...... of the colour is (34) ...... on the chemical composition of the dying leaves. After a long dry summer, leaves often turn bright red, while cloudy autumn days will produce less spectacular yellows. If climate change leads to (35) ...... hot, dry summers in the northern hemisphere, then countries in Europe can expect summers not (36) ...... those across the Atlantic. They will then enjoy a kaleidoscope of (37) ...... colour to rival the deep reds and blazing oranges seen in New England. / RECOGNISE
LOOK
INVADE
EAGER
GLORY
TALK
INTENSE
DEPEND
INCREASE
LIKE
SEASON

Part 4

For questions 38 - 42, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0The committee decided to ...... the money equally between the two charities.

I can’t believe that John and Maggie have decided to ...... up after 20 years of marriage.

To serve a watermelon you need to ...... it down the centre with a sharp knife.

Example:0SPLIT

Write only the missing word IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the paper provided.

38When Erica was trying to complete an important course assignment, she often lost all ...... of time, and sometimes forgot to eat.

There is no ...... in cleaning the house before the party, but it will certainly need doing afterwards.

Just entering that ancient building gave Simon a real ...... of how different life must have been in the past.

39This is a piece of music which never fails to ...... me.

The whole family are planning to ...... to Australia later this year.

Next year the club intends to ...... the date for the annual dinner to the first Saturday in May.

40The police are looking for a tall woman with ...... hair in connection with the bank raid.

The weather will be ...... today although it might rain later this evening.

‘I think it would be ...... to say that we played very badly today,’ the rugby manager said to the journalist.

41Lenka ...... her friends from home when she went away to university.

The car went out of control and just ...... hitting a lamp post.

We would have enjoyed the play more if we hadn’t ...... the first act.

42Harry has already spent two ...... at the college.

The talk was difficult for me to appreciate because the speaker used technical ...... I hadn’t heard before.

Joe must make sure he understands all the ...... laid down in the agreement.

Part 5

For questions 43 - 46, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example:

Example:Fernanda refused to wear her sister’s old dress.

NOT

Fernanda said that ...... her sister’s old dress.

The gap can be filled with the words ‘she would not wear’, so you write :

Example:SHE WOULD NOT WEAR

Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the paper provided.

43There has been a sharp rise in the price of petrol this month.

RISEN

The...... this month.

44Lisa was just about to leave the house when the phone rang.

POINT

Lisa was ...... the house when the phone rang.

45Tom’s company had less success with its exports this year.

SO

Tom’s company was ...... with its exports this year.

46A number of sporting events had to be cancelled owing to the bad weather.

LED

Bad weather ...... ….. of a number of sporting events.

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