1. Name and Describe the Three Sub-Disciplines of Genetics

Exam 1 Review

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The questions in this study guide are purposefully broad so that you are able to use your recall skills to answer them. This resource is to help you identify what you need to work on more.

Everything in this resource will not be found on the test, nor will everything on the test be found in this resource.

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Chapter 1:

1. Name and describe the three sub-disciplines of genetics

1.

2.

3.

2. Name some characteristics of model genetic organisms

3. Compare and contrast the following terms

A. Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells:

B. Gene and Allele:

C. Genotype and Phenotype:

D. DNA and RNA:

Chapter 10:

4. Explain Chargoff’s Rule:

5. How did Griffith determine if cells transformation can occur using bacterial cells IR and IIS in mice?

6. How did Hershey-Chase determine that DNA was the genetic material?

7. Be familiar with the structure and numbering of all five bases. Draw an example purine and pyrimidine including the sugar and phosphate.

8. Describe the structure of DNA. What are the components? What bonds are included?

9. What is a hairpin and how is it formed?

Chapter 11:

10. What is supercoiling? How does it come about? What is its purpose?

11. Define chromatin and explain how it becomes nucleosomes

12. Describe unique sequence, moderately repetitive and highly repetitive DNA.

Unique sequence DNA

Moderately repetitive DNA

Highly repetitive DNA:

13. Diagram a sequence of DNA being replicated including the following:

Origin

Replication fork

Leading strand

Lagging strand

Label the 5’ and 3’ ends

Primers (RNA and DNA)

Okazaki fragments

Template strands

14. Identify the enzymes at each of the fours stages of Bacterial DNA replication

1. Initiation:

2. Unwinding:

3. Elongation:

4. Termination:

Chapter 13:

15. Name and describe the three classes of RNA shared by Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

16. Describe the reaction catalyzed by RNA polymerase

17. Describe the following terms related to the structure of protein-coding genes

Transcribed region:

Translated region:

Promoter:

Terminator:

18. *Review difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic transcription steps.