Supplemental Table 1.

Summary of Studies Included in Meta-analysis and Narrative Review

Study / Thera-pist attach-ment / Client pre-therapy
attach-ment / Other client variables / Working Alliance / Other psycho-therapy relation-ship / Psycho-
therapy process / Psycho-
therapy outcome / % fe-male clients / %
White
clients / Clients and Treatment
Setting
Meta-analysis studies of both pre-therapy client attachment and working alliance
Mallinckrodt et al. (2014) / - / ECRS / OQ pre-test / WAI / TDS / SEQ / OQ residual gain / 66 / 86 / 50 CC, after 5th session, 37 at posttest, about 12 sessions
Mallinckrodt et al. (1995) / - / AAS / BORRTI
SES / WAI / - / - / - / 88 / 88 / 62 training clinic, 49 CC, 18 hospital clinic, 9 community college CC, median 9-15 sessions
Mallinckrodt et al. (2005) / - / ECRS / - / WAI / - / SEQ / - / 67 / 89 / Only Study 1 included in this meta analysis. 38 CC, 4-8 sessions
Romano et al. (2008) / ECRS / ECRS / - / WAI / - / SEQ / - / 92 / 66 / 59 CC, mean 14.25 sessions
Sauer et al. (2010) / - / ECRS / OQ-45 / WAI / - / - / OQ-45 / 68 / 84 / 95 two training clinics, 50 at termination (mean of 7 sessions)
Meta-analysis studies of working alliance, but not pre-therapy client attachment
Bachelor et al. (2010) / - / - / 6FPQ
BSI / WAI-S
CALPAS
HAQ / - / - / - / 82 / not re-ported / 60 CC,
11 community clinics,
9 private practice; mean 17.2 sessions
Fuertes et al. (2007) / ECRS / - / - / WAI-S / RRI-T
RRI-C / EUS / COM / 71 / 90 / 4 CC, 46 private practice, 2 community clinics, 7 other; median 16 sessions; clients selected for study by their therapist
Martin (2007) / - / -- / GRCS / WAI / - / - / - / 0 / 67 / 197 male clients solicited via internet, 3-658 sessions.
Peterman, T. L. (2010) / - / - / - / WAI-S / - / URICA
PCL-M / 12 / 94 / 68 outpatient military veterans with PTSD diagnosis, mean 9-12 sessions completed
Meta-analysis studies of pre-therapy client attachment, but not working alliance
Janzen et al. (2008) / - / ECRS / - / - / - / SIS / - / 77 / 77 / 30 program training clinic; ratings after each sessions 1-4, we averaged across 1-4
Moore, & Gelso (2011) / - / ECRS / - / RRI-C / - / - / 80 / 74 / 143 pastclients who received counseling in the past 3 years, median of 12 sessions
SkourteliLennie (2011). / - / ASQ / - / - / - / - / - / 100 / not reported / 27 clients, mean 21 sessions
Wiseman & Tishby (in press) / ECRS / ECRS / - / - / - / - / OQ-45 / 69 / 100 / 67 CC at 5th session, 54 at session 28
Studies not included in meta-analyses
Mallinckrodt et al. (1998) / - / - / TAS-20
FSS / - / - / - / - / 80 / 92 / 43 CC, 18 training clinic; mean 9.7 sessions
Petrowski et al. (2013) / AAI / - / - / - / - / - / SCL-90R / 75 / no ethnicity info / 429 hospital inpatients
Woodhouse et al. (2003) / - / - / PCSQ / - / MITS
TSC–TI / - / - / 78 / 92 / 51 private practice, estimated mean 62 sessions

Note. 6FPQ = Six-Factor Personality Questionnaire, AAI = Adult Attachment Interview, AAS = Adult Attachment Scale, ASQ = Attachment Style Questionnaire, BORRTI = Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory, BSI = Brief Symptom Inventory, CALPAS = California Psychotherapy Alliance Scales,CC = Counseling Center setting, COM = The Counseling Outcome Measure, ECRS = Experiences in Close Relationship Scale, EUS = Empathic Understanding Scale of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory,FSS = Family Structure Survey, GRCS = Gender Role Conflict Scale,HAQ = Penn Helping Alliance Questionnaire,MITS = Missouri Identifying Transference Scale, OQ = Outcome Questionnaire, PCL-M = Posttraumatic Checklist – Military Version, PCSQ = Parent Caregiving Style Questionnaire, RRI-C = Real Relationship Inventory – Client version,RRI-T = Real Relationship Inventory – Therapist version,SCL-90R = Symptom Checklist 90-revised, SES = Social Self-Efficacy Scale, SEQ = Session Evaluation Questionnaire,SIS = Session Impact Scale, TAS-20 = Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, TDS = Therapeutic Distance Scale, TSC-TI = Therapy Session Checklist-Transference Items, URICA = University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale; WAI = Working Alliance Inventory, WAI-S = Working Alliance Inventory – Short Form.