Table 1: Dose Schedule of Morphine for Severely Induced Morphine Dependence

Table 1: Dose schedule of morphine for severely induced morphine dependence

Days / Time (h) / Dose (mg/kg, i.p.)
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th / 18.00
10.00
18.00
10.00
18.00
10.00
18.00
10.00
18.00
10.00
18.00
10.00 / 10
10
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
80
100
100

Table 2: Withdrawal signs observed in rats 12 h after the last dose of morphine for 30 min.

Counted signs / Weighing factor / Checked signs
(every 10 min) / Weighing factor
Chewing
Head shakes
Exploring
Digging
Yawning
Teeth chattering
Jumping
Flying
Wet dog shakes
Writhing / 2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 / Squeaking on touch
Hostility on Handling
Diarrhoea
Ptosis
Eye twitching
Rhinorrhoe
Lacrimation
Penile erection / 1
1
1
2
2
3
3
2

Table 3: Effect of Delphinium denudatum Wall. on signs of abstinence syndrome in severely morphine-dependent rats

S. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. / Signs of morphine
withdrawal syndrome
Chewing
Head shakes
Exploring
Digging
Yawning
Teeth chattering
Jumping
Wet dog Shakes
Writhing
Squeaking on touch
Hostility on handling
Eye twitching
Lacrimation /

Group 3

23.2 + 0.6
3.7 + 0.4
29.8 + 0.6
15.7 + 0.6
19.0 + 1.0
21.2 + 0.5
2.5 + 0.3
2.7 + 0.4
19.0 + 0.4
13.5 + 0.5
5.3 + 0.5
7.2 + 0.4
5.2 + 0.5 /

Group 4

15.2 + 0.4**
0 + 0**
18.6 + 0.4*
11.5 + 0.5*
12.2 + 0.6
10.0 + 1.0*
0 + 0**
0 + 0**
11.2 + 0.4**
1.7 + 0.2*
3.5 + 0.3
5.5 + 0.5
4.1 + 0.5 /

Group 5

12.5 + 0.5***
0 + 0**
17.2 + 0.5***
9.5 + 0.5***
10.7 + 0.4**
7.2 + 0.5***
0 + 0**
0 + 0***
9.7 + 0.4***
0 + 0**
2.2 + 0.4***
3.5 + 0.6**
3.0 + 0.0 /

Group 6

19.5 + 0.5
2.7 + 0.4
19.0 + 0.5
14.0 + 0.5
18.0 + 0.5
19.0 + 0.4
2.2 + 0.2
2.5 + 0.3
15.5 + 0.5
11.8 + 0.6
5.0 + 0.3
5.5 + 0.3
4.1 + 0.5

Values are Mean + SEM.

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs group 3 (Non-parametric ANOVA and Dunnett’s test).