Ecce Romani, Ch. 22 Grammar CardsGrammar CARDS, page 1

How to make cards: all the information is given to you. Simply copy down the information in the simulated cards below onto real index cards (not flimsy paper). The act of writing out the info will encourage comprehension of that info. Or at the very least you have made study cards for tests and midterms and finals. Eugepae! Note below that the info on the cards below is given horizontally, the left box = the front of the card, while the right box = the back of the card.

An Example: 

[Front Side of Card A]
Who was the 1st Roman emperor?
Ch. #7 / [Back side of Card A]
  • Augustus Caesar

Ch. 22  real index cards needed

What is in Ch. 22? / I. The Dative Case – forms and uses
a. = the case ending for the Indirect Object (with verbs of giving, showing, telling and trusting)
b. often translated with “to” or “for”…think 2 or 4
c. used often with intransitive verbs
d. certain verbs take a dative (e.g. appropinquāre “to approach”, parcere “to spare”, servīre = “to serve”)
e. used with some impersonal verbs (e.g., necesse est, licet)
II. 3rd Declension Adjectives of One Termination p. 54
III. Full Declension of Nouns and Adjectives of Declensions – 1, 2, 3  see chart on page 53
IV. Dative vs. Ablative on page 57.
 Rome and Northern Europe on pages 59-61
 Word Study IV
Ch. 22 Checklist / I know (that)…
□the Latin endings of the DATIVE Case by heart
□the special forms of Latin pronouns in the dative
□ DATIVE case is often translated with “to” or “for”
□ most common use of the DATIVE case is the Indirect Object
□ DATIVE case with intransitive verbs
□ DATIVE case with certain verbs
□ DATIVE case with impersonal verbs
□ 3rd Declension Adjectives of One Termination p. 54
□ Full Declension of Nouns and Adjectives of Declensions – 1, 2, 3  see chart on page 53
Endings for the Dative Case for the first 3 declensions
[see chart on page 53]
Ch. 22 / 1st Declension / 2nd Declension / 3rd Declension
Dative Singular / -ae / -ō / -ī
Dative
Plural / -īs / -īs / -ibus
The Dative Case
[Card 1]
Ch. 22 /
  • the case used for the Indirect Object and after certain verbs and adjectives
  • other dative constructions will be learned later
  • In English, try using the prepositions “to” or “for” to translate a Dative into English

The Dative Case – the Indirect Object
[Card 2]
Ch. 22 /
  • The Indirect Object – most common use of the Dative
  • DEFINITION of the I.O.: The indirect object is the noun, usually a person that receives the direct object with verbs of giving, showing, telling and trusting/believing
some examples:
  • Cornēlia omnia Marcō explicāvit. = Cornelia explained everything to Marcus.
  • Cornēlius mandāta servīs dabat. = Cornelius was giving orders to slaves.
  • Cornēlius fābulam uxōrī nārrāvit. = Cornelius told the story to his wife.
  • Servī meī bonam cēnam vōbīs omnibusparāre possunt. = My slaves are able to prepare a good dinner for you all.

Special note on the “to” or “for” translation
Ch. 22 /
  • In English, we can often omit the “to” or “for” translation for the dative by moving the words around (compare with previous card)
some examples:
  • Cornēlius mandāta servīs dabat. = Cornelius was giving the slaves orders.
  • Cornēlius fābulam uxōrī nārrāvit. = Cornelius told his wife the story.
  • Servī meī bonam cēnam vōbīs omnibus parāre possunt. = My slaves are able to prepare you alla good dinner.

Dative is used with verbs of trusting and believing.
Ch. 22 / Examples:
  • tibi crēdimus. = We believe you.
  • fatribus meīs pecūniam mandō. = I entrust the money to my brothers (less literally, “I trust my bothers with the money.”)

DATIVE Forms of Latin Pronouns (see p. 53)
Ch. 22 / SINGULAR / PLURAL
1ST PERSON / mihi = to/for me / nōbīs = to/for us
2ND PERSON / tibi = to/for you / vōbīs = to/for you/y’all
3RD PERSON / eī = to/for him/her/it / eīs = to/for them (M/F/N)
RELATIVE / cuī = to/for whom / quibus = to/for whom
3RD PERSON REFLEXIVE / sibi = to/for himself/herself/itself / sibi = to/for themselves (M/F/N)
Other uses of the DATIVE case
[Card 1] – see page 55.
Ch. 22 / □The dative case is often used with intransitive verbs
□Intransitive verbs do not take direct objects. Verbs of motion are used intransitively in Latin.
Examples (with intransitive verbs):
□Marcus Sextō clāmāvit. = Marcus shouted to Sextus.
□Elvis matrī meae in somniō apparuit. = Elvis appeared to my mother in a dream.
Other uses of the DATIVE case
[Card 2] - see page 55.
Ch. 22 /
  • The intransitive verb appropinquāre“to approach” takes either the dative or ad + the accusative.
Examples (with the intransitive verb appropinquāre):
  • mox caupōnae (ad caupōnam) appropinquābāmus. = We were soon approaching the inn.
  • iam urbīappropinquābant. = They were already approaching the city.

Other uses of the DATIVE case
[Card 3] - see page 56.
Ch. 22 /
  • The dative case is commonly used with impersonal verbs
  • necesse est, licet
Examples (with impersonal verbs):
  • cūr mihi quoque necesse est ad urbem redīre? = Why is it necessary for me also to return to the city?
  • Licetne nōbīs hīc cēnāre? = Is it permitted for us to eat dinner here?

Other uses of the DATIVE case
[Card 4]
Ch. 22 /
  • For future reference, the dative case is commonly used with compound verbs, i.e., verbs that have a prefix.
  • E.g., appropinquāre “to approach”; occurrere “to meet”; praesum “to be in charge of”; persuādēre “to persuade”
Examples (with compound verbs):
  • patrī tuō heri occurrī = I ran into your father yesterday.
  • Cicero senatuī heri praeerat, dum Pompeius aberat. = Cicero was in charge of the Senate, while Pompey was absent.

The meaning of the word “dative”
Ch. 22 /
  • The word “dative” is derived from the verb “to give”: dō, dare, dedī, datus/a/um
  • because “giving” is the most common usage of the indirect object

Dative vs.
Ablative
Ch. 22 /
  • Try not to confuse the ablative and dative cases!
  • In the plural, dative and ablative have the same endings!
  • Use context clues to help determine if the form is ablative or
dative
  • Remember: Dative will be translated often with “to/for”
  • Remember that Ablative is often translated with “with”, “by”
“from” “in” “on” “out of” or “under
  • If there is a preposition, it is ablative, not dative
  • Lastly, an adjective might help

Review:
The Complete patterns of noun declensions for the 1st three declensions
[SINGULAR ONLY] / SINGULAR / 1st Declension / 2nd Decl.
Masc. / 2nd Decl.
NEUTER / 3rd Decl.
M/F / 3rd Decl.
NEUTER
Nominative / -a / -us/-ius/
-er/-ir / -um / varies / varies
Genitive / -ae / -ī / -ī / -is / -is
Dative / -ae / -ō / -ō / -ī / -ī
Accusative / -am / -um / -um / -em / = nomin-ative singular
Ablative / -ā / -ō / -ō / -e / -e
Vocative / -a / -e/-ī/
-er/-ir / -um / = nomin-ative singular / = nomin-ative singular
Review:
The Complete patterns of noun declensions for the 1st three declensions
[PLURAL ONLY] / PLURAL / 1st Declension / 2nd Decl.
Masc. / 2nd Decl.
NEUTER / 3rd Decl.
M/F / 3rd Decl.
NEUTER
Nominative / -ae / - ī / - a / -ēs / -a
Genitive / -ārum / -ōrum / -ōrum / -um / -um
Dative / -īs / - īs / - īs / -ibus / -ibus
Accusative / -ās / -ōs / -a / -ēs / -a
Ablative / -īs / - īs / - īs / -ibus / -ibus
Vocative / -ae / - ī / - a / -ēs / -a

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