Module 203 – Quiz – 50 Multiple Choice Questions
1) A sample unit could be a:
A) household
B) consumer
C) purchasing agent
*D) all of the above
E) none of the above
2) The population for a market research project in Iowa to determine the cleaning service needs in companies would be defined as:
A) all the current clients in Iowa
B) all the potential clients in Iowa
C) all the companies in Iowa not interested in cleaning service
*D) individuals responsible for cleaning service in companies located in Iowa
E) all companies in Iowa
3) A master list of all the sample units in the population is known as the:
A) sample list
B) population master list
C) master frame
*D) sample frame
E) population frame
4) If we define our population as all households in the city of Chicago, Illinois, and we use the Chicago telephone directory from which to draw our sample units, we would likely have:
*A) a survey with sample frame error
B) a representative survey
C) a survey containing error
D) a survey with a poorly defined master list
E) a census
5) Calculation of the "skip interval" is important in which sampling plan?
A) simple random sample
*B) systematic sample
C) "skip" sample
D) cluster sample
E) interval sample
6) A sampling method that separates the population into different subgroups and then samples one or some of these subgroups is:
*A) cluster sampling
B) simple sampling
C) stratified sampling
D) systematic sampling
E) grouped sampling
7) A survey administered to obtain 40 percent Hispanics and 60 percent Europeans is:
A) referral sampling
*B) quota sampling
C) convenience sampling
D) judgment sampling
E) racial sampling
8) Which method of substitution is best illustrated in the following example? Typical response rate for mail surveys is 20 percent and the desired final sample should be 200. Therefore, the initial sample size should be 1000.
A) drop-down substitution
B) drop-up substitution
*C) oversampling
D) resampling
E) logical substitution
9) Unfortunately, many managers falsely believe that:
A) sample size is related to proper data analysis
*B) sample size is related to the representativeness of the sample
C) sample size is determined by computer programs
D) sample size is an irrelevant "statistical" technicality issue
E) sample size is related to the level of accuracy desired
10) Callback attempts are important to reduce nonresponse. Usually, about ______callback attempts should be made to the not-at-homes, busy signals, and no answers.
A) 8 to 10
B) 7 to 10
C) 5 to 10
D) 3 to 10
*E) 3 to 4
11) The response rate:
*A) essentially enumerates the percentage of the total sample with which interviews were completed
B) essentially enumerates the percentage of the population with which interviews were completed
C) essentially enumerates the number of the total sample with which interviews were completed
D) is the percentage of positive responses to questions dealing with important research objectives
E) is the percentage of qualified respondents who are screened out of the sample due to the incidence rate
12) After the surveys have been completed:
A) data entry follows
*B) there should be a preliminary checking of the questionnaires
C) they should be sent to the tabulation room
D) they should be shown to the client to verify that they were completed
E) all respondents should be recalled by a supervisor to ensure that they were actually interviewed
13) In the following data set, what is the mode? 12, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 6, 10, 11
A) 4.66
*B) 1
C) 42
D) 6
E) none of the above
14) In the following data set, what is the median? 12, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 6, 10, 11
A) 4.66
*B) 1
C) 42
D) 6
E) none of the above
15) In the following data set, what is the mean? 12, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 6, 10, 11
*A) 4.66
B) 1
C) 42
D) 6.421
E) none of the above
16) Which is the best description of a frequency distribution?
A) the number of times a respondent answers each survey question
B) depicting the accumulative variance in a dataset
C) the number of frequencies that normal distributions appear in a dataset
*D) the number of times that each different value appears in a particular set of values
E) none of the above
17) Which of the following command sequences in SPSS would allow you to generate a frequency distribution?
A) SPSS; FREQ; RUN
*B) ANALYZE; DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS; FREQUENCIES
C) ANALYZE; GENERATE; FREQ DIS
D) STATISTICS; ANALYZE; SUMMARIZE; DESCRIPTIVES
E) STATISTICS; FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
18) Assume you have ratio data that are answers to a question concerning an appropriate price for a service. You have 10,000 respondents you have interviewed and you want to generate a mean for this question. Which of the following command sequences in SPSS would allow you to generate a mean?
A) SPSS; FREQ; RUN
B) ANALYZE; SUMMARIZE; FREQUENCIES; MEAN
C) ANALYZE; GENERATE; FREQ DIS
D) MEAN; ANALYZE; DESCRIPTIVES
*E) ANALYZE; DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS; DESCRIPTIVES
19) The four basic types of relationships between two variables are:
A) anonmonotonic, duotonic, linear, and curvilinear
B) nonmonotonic, duotonic, sublinear, and curvilinear
*C) nonmonotonic, monotonic, linear, and curvilinear
D) causal, consistent, systematic, and linear
E) duotonic, linear, sublinear, and alinear
20) What is used to determine whether a nonmonotonic relationship exists between two nominal-scaled variables?
A) tabulation analysis and t tests
*B) cross-tabulation and chi-square tests
C) cross-tabulation and t tests
D) tabulation analysis and chi-square tests
E) only t tests
22) A correlation coefficient is an index number constrained to fall between the range of:
A) 0 and 1.00
B) 0 and 100
*C) -1.00 and +1.00
D) -1.00 and 0
E) -100 and 0
23) Let's assume we find in a study that the correlation coefficient between number of years of education and cigarette smoking is -.89. This means that as education level increases:
A) smoking tends to increase
*B) smoking tends to decrease
C) smoking changes 89 percent
D) smoking is nonexistent
E) only 89 out of every 100 people in the study would not smoke
24) A researcher runs a correlation analysis between two variables that she is certain are associated but the analysis indicates the two variables are not associated. The researcher may then want to:
A) run another association test and add three variables
B) adopt a lower standard for determining significance, that is, a p value of .20
C) do nothing; if the association is deemed insignificant it is inappropriate to run further analyses
*D) run a scatter plot in search of a curvilinear relationship
E) run a scatter plot in search of a linear relationship
25) What is used to determine whether a nonmonotonic relationship exists between two nominal-scaled variables?
A) tabulation analysis and t tests
*B) cross-tabulation and chi-square tests
C) cross-tabulation and t tests
D) tabulation analysis and chi-square tests
E) only t tests
26) Which of the following is true for stub and banner tables?
*A) The stub is the dependent variable
B) The stub is the independent variable
C) The banner is the dependent variable
D) Stubs and banners are interchangeable
E) None of the above statements are true
27) Sampling is defined as:
*A) selection of a representative group of subjects for a survey
B) calculating the number of subjects to interview
C) identifying the number of people of each of several types that should be included in the study
D) determining how to identify and select respondents
28) The distinguishing feature of non-probability sampling plans is that:
A) They allow an assessment of the sampling error
*B) One cannot establish if they are representative of the population
C) They always involve personal judgment somewhere in the selection of sample elements
D) There is only one basic type of non probability sample while there are several types of probability samples
E) They tend to be more expensive than probability samples
29) A 95% confidence interval means:
A) A researcher is 95% sure of the results
Respondents are confident on average of 95% of the answers they give
B) Chi-squared tests are equal to .95
*C) One out of 20 samples taken from that universe would give results in the interval
D) The sample error is 5%
30. Means can only be meaningfully calculated on:
A) nominal or higher scaled data
B) ratio scaled data
C) interval or ratio scaled data
*D) ordinal or higher scaled data
E) nominal, ordinal, ratio and interval data
31) A subset problem is characterized by which of the following?
*a) The population is larger than the sampling frame.
b) The sampling frame is larger than the population.
c) Some overlap of sampling frame and population.
d) none of these
32) "Heterogeneity within and homogeneity between" is the ideal state
for
*a) cluster sampling.
b) stratified sampling.
c) disproportionate sampling.
d) judgmental sampling.
e) both cluster and stratified sampling.
33) The process that is used to make the sample data more representative
of the population that has been surveyed is called
a). editing.
b). coding.
*c). weighting.
d). transcribing
34) Consider the following:
Height Number of people
74 inches 10
72 5
70 12
68 5
66 10
Total 42
a). The % of people with a height of 74 inches is close to 24%.
b). The average height of the sample is 70 inches
c). Most of the people in the sample are taller than or as tall as 70 inches
d). The most common height (mode) in the sample is 70 inches.
*e). All of these are true.
35) Selection of every tenth subscriber to the New York Times is an example of
A) stratified sampling.
B) cluster sampling.
C) judgmental sampling.
D)random sampling.
*E)systematic sampling.
36).Which of the following is not a good example of a cluster for sampling consumers?
A) Shopping malls
*B) Colleges
C) Counties
D) Telephone exchanges
E) Census tract
37) Which of the following is true regarding probability samples?
A) They are as perfect as a census and contain no errors caused by competitors.
*B) They will always contain some inaccuracy (sample error).
C) They contain serious mistakes, but can be adjusted by statistical weighting procedures.
D) They are particularly susceptible to nonsampling errors.
E) When they approach large values, say 1,000, they are equivalent to a census.
38) If we know the level of confidence (1.96 for 95 percent), variability estimates, and the size of a sample, there is a formula that allows us to determine:
A) the costs of the sample
B) the size of the sample
C) the representativeness of the sample
D) p or q
*E) the accuracy (sample error)
39) The only time the population size is important in the calculation of sample size is:
A) always; all formulas include N, a count of the total population
B) when the population is very, very large
C) when the population is not normal
D) when the level of accuracy needs to be less than plus or minus 5 percent
*E) when the population is small, relative to the sample size
40) If the distance between 2 - 3 and 6 - 7 on a scale are equal, the scale would likely be at least:
A) nominal
B) ordinal
*C) interval
D) ratio
E) equality
41) A question that asks how much you would be willing to pay in annual premium for a $100,000 life insurance policy would be scaled as:
A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
*D) ratio
E) an origin
42) Which characteristic is associated only with ratio scales?
A) description
B) order
C) distance
*D) origin
E) ratiocination
43) Understanding the measurement level of a scale is important because it:
A) is said to be important by statisticians
B) tells us what we can/cannot say about the object's properties being measured
*C) tells us what we can/cannot say about the object's properties being measured, as well as dictating the type of statistical analysis that may be performed
D) dictates the type of statistical analysis that may be performed, as well as being important in terms of communicating the results to the client in a manner that facilitates a clear presentation
E) indicates know how expensive a project will be
44) If we were to ask college students, "To what extent do you value a college degree?" which type of sample plan would be most appropriate?
A) any probability sampling plan would be useful
*B) a stratified sample because we would expect the answers to vary by strata: freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior
C) a cluster sample because we would expect the answers to vary by cluster: freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior
D) an area sample because we would expect the answers to vary by area: freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior
E) an area sample because we would expect the answers to vary by area: freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior, with seniors more heavily sampled
45) The sample size is always related to how representative the sample is of the population.
A) true
*B) false
C) it depends upon the probability of occurrence
D) it depends upon the type of probability sampling technique that will be used
46) The marketing director for ABC TV Cable is considering offering a digital video recording to his customers and he is not certain what price they are willing to pay. He had a survey conducted and, after respondents were given a detailed description of the proposed service, they were asked what price they were willing to pay for the service. The mean price was $30 a month. Based upon this mean, he should:
A) immediately offer the service for $30 a month
B) examine the standard deviation
C) examine the range
D) examine the frequency and percentage distribution
*E) should actually examine all items covered in B through D before making the decision.
47) A political candidate is interested in knowing how constituents feel about certain issues. He is interested in knowing if attitudes toward these issues differ by demographic subgroups. One of the demographic questions added to the survey is religious preference. This question is designed in a way that respondents would indicate their preference by checking a blank box alongside the name of several possible religious affiliations such as "Catholic," and so on. Looking at the religious preference question, the researcher knows that because it's measurement level is ______, he should use a ______to report the central tendency and a ______to report variability.