*FM 34-130/MCRP 2-12A

FIELD MANUAL HEADQUARTERS

No. 34-130 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

Washington, DC, 10 December 1999

INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLEFIELD

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE vi

INTRODUCTION vii

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION TO IPB 1-1

What is IPB? 1-1

IPB Process 1-2

How IPB Interrelates to the Six Intelligence Tasks 1-9

Who Conducts IPB? 1-10

Doctrine Versus Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures 1-11

Planning in a Time-Constrained Environment 1-11

End Result of a Strong IPB Analysis 1-12

CHAPTER 2 – BATTLEFIELD ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS 2-1

Define the Battlefield Environment 2-2

Characteristics of the Environment 2-2

Describe the Battlefield’s Effects 2-6

Specific Steps to Describe the Battlefield’s Effects 2-6

Describe the Battlefield’s Effects on Threat and Friendly

Capabilities and Broad COAs 2-29

Electronic Preparation of the Battlefield (EPB) 2-30

CHAPTER 3 – THREAT EVALUATION 3-1

Evaluate the Threat 3-1

Threat Evaluation Process 3-2

Identify Threat Capabilities 3-9

CHAPTER 4 – COURSE OF ACTION DEVELOPMENT 4-1

Determine Threat Courses of Action 4-1

Steps to COA Development 4-3

The Abbreviated IPB Process 4-17

CHAPTER 5 – COA ANALYSIS, WARGAMING, AND COA COMPARISON 5-1

G2/S2 Role in the Wargame Process 5-1

Wargaming Responsibilities 5-2

Eight Steps of Wargaming 5-3

General Rules of Wargaming 5-6

Wargame the Battle 5-7

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

*This publication supersedes FM 34-130, 8 July 1994.

Prioritizing Intelligence Requirements 5-8

The Intelligence Synchronization Matrix 5-9

Wargame Results 5-10

COA Comparison 5-11

Decision Matrix Technique 5-11

COA Approval 5-13

Commander’s Decision Briefing 5-13

Summary 5-13

CHAPTER 6 – TARGETING AND THE IPB PROCESS 6-1

Overview 6-1

Targeting 6-1

Decide 6-2

Detect 6-2

Deliver 6-3

Assess 6-3

Target Process Products 6-5

Targeting Challenges 6-10

CHAPTER 7 – MULTIDISCIPLINE COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND THREAT

INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE 7-1

Introduction 7-1

MDCI Analysis 7-1

MDCI and IPB 7-2

Threat Assessment 7-2

Counterreconnaissance 7-5

Target Development 7-7

Foreign Intelligence Services 7-7

Stability Operations and Support Operations 7-8

Threat and Vulnerability Assessment 7-9

Conclusion 7-11

CHAPTER 8 – IPB SUPPORT TO FORCE PROTECTION 8-1

What is Force Protection? 8-1

Who is Responsible 8-1

Risk Management 8-3

Risk Assessment 8-4

Intelligence Support to the Force Protection Plan 8-5

Step 1: Identify Hazards 8-6

Step 2: Assess Hazards to Determine the Risks 8-8

Step 3: Develop Controls and Make Risk Decisions 8-12

Step 4: Implement Controls 8-14

Step 5: Supervise and Evaluate 8-15

IPB Support to Force Protection 8-17

Intelligence Support to the Force Protection Plan 8-17

Intelligence Role 8-18

The Threat 8-19

CHAPTER 9 - IPB FOR STABILITY OPERATIONS 9-1

Introduction 9-1

Peace Operations 9-2

IPB Steps to Peace Operations 9-2

Noncombatant Operations 9-5

IPB Steps to NEO Operations 9-6

Nation Assistance 9-10

IPB Steps to Nation Assistance 9-10

Combating Terrorism 9-12

IPB Steps to Combating Terrorism 9-13

Civil Disturbance 9-17

IPB Steps to Civil Disturbance Operations 9-17

Arms Control 9-21

IPB Steps to Arms Control Operations 9-22

Support to Counterinsurgencies 9-25

IPB Steps to Counterinsurgency Operations 9-25

Counterdrug Operations 9-29

IPB Steps to Counterdrug Operations 9-30

Support to Insurgencies 9-32

IPB Steps to Insurgency Operations 9-33

Show of Force 9-36

IPB Steps to Show of Force Operations 9-37

CHAPTER 10 - IPB FOR SUPPORT OPERATIONS 10-1

Environmental Assistance Operations 10-1

IPB for Environmental Assistance Operations 10-3

Step 1: Define the Battlefield Environment 10-4

Step 2: Describe the Battlefield Effects 10-4

Step 3: Evaluate the Threat 10-6

Step 4: Determine Threat COAs 10-8

Humanitarian Assistance Operations 10-9

IPB for Humanitarian Assistance Operations 10-11

Step 1: Define the Battlefield Environment 10-12

Step 2: Describe the Battlefield Effects 10-13

Step 3: Evaluate the Threat 10-15

Step 4: Determine Threat COAs 10-16

APPENDIX A – AUTOMATION SUPPORT TO IPB A-1

Introduction A-1

History A-1

All-Source Analysis System A-1

MI Analysis and Control Team A-9

Joint Collection Management Tools A-13

APPENDIX B – GENERAL GUIDELINES DURING IPB B-1

Introduction B-1

Define the Battlefield Environment B-2

Describe the Battlefield Effects B-2

Evaluate the Threat B-3

Determine Threat COAs B-5

Guideline Charts B-6

APPENDIX C – IPB WITH A PURPOSE C-1

Introduction C-1

The IPB Steps C-2

IPB and the MDMP C-2

Mission Analysis Brief C-3

COA Development C-20

IPB and Mission Execution C-22

Conclusion C-25

APPENDIX D – IPB FOR SPECIAL STAFF AND SUPPORT UNITS D-1

Introduction D-1

Air Defense D-2

Artillery D-3

Aviation D-5

Counterintelligence and Counterreconnaissance D-8

Electronic Warfare D-10

Engineer D-12

Intelligence D-16

Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical D-18

Signal D-20

Special Operations D-22

Rear Area and Combat Service Support D-24

APPENDIX E – IPB FOR TACTICAL, OPERATIONAL, AND

STRATEGIC ECHELONS E-1

Introduction E-1

Define the Battlefield Environment E-1

Describe the Battlefield’s Effects E-2

Evaluate the Threat E-5

Determine Threat COAs E-6

APPENDIX F – IPB FOR THEATER MISSILE DEFENSE (TMD) F-1

Theater Missile Defense F-1

TMD Mission Areas F-2

Define the Battlefield Environment F-3

Describe the Battlefield Effects F-6

Evaluate the Threat F-6

Determine Threat COA F-21

APPENDIX G – IPB IN SUPPORT OF MOUT G-1

The Importance of Urban Areas G-1

Urban Operations G-2

Rules to Live by in an Urban Environment G-3

IPB Process G-4

MOUT IPB: A Difficult Environment G-4

A Unique Analytical Framework G-5

The City As An Entity G-6

Urban Analytical Worksheet G-6

Explanation of Steps G-8

The Threat G-29

Socio-Economic and Demographic Concerns G-31

Other Concerns G-32

Urban Operations Under Restrictive Conditions G-34

Specialized Urban Operations Products and Tools G-35

Additional Urban Operations Tools G-38

Summary G-38

APPENDIX H - INTELLIGENCE BRIEFING FOR IPB H-1

Introduction H-1

Preparation of the Briefing H-3

APPENDIX I - IPB FOR INFORMATION OPERATIONS I-1

Historical Uses of Information Operations I-1

Why IPB for Information Operations I-1

IPB in Support of Information Operations I-3

Offensive Information Operations I-4

Defensive Information Operations I-5

Integration of Information Operations I-6

The IO Analytical Framework I-7

The IO Analytical Worksheet I-9

Explanation of Steps I-11

Define the Battlefield Environment I-17

Describe the Battlefield Effects I-19

Evaluate the Threat I-21

Determine Treat COA I-24

The Information Campaign Planning Process.. I-26

Products of IO IPB I-31

APPENDIX J - IPB FOR SPACE OPERATIONS J-1

Historical Uses of Space J-1

Why Space IPB J-1

Define the Battlefield Environment J-2

Describe the Battlefield's Effects J-4

Evaluate the Threat J-7

Determine Threat COA J-8

Products of SIPB J-10

Current Space Weather J-13

APPENDIX K - EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS OF INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION

OF THE BATTLEFIELD K-1

Scenario One: Division Conventional Offense K-1

Scenario Two: Brigade Conventional Defense K-43

Scenario Three: Counterinsurgency Operations K-55

Scenario Four: Noncombatant Evacuation K-76

APPENDIX L – INTERNET WEB SITES/SEARCH ENGINES L-1

GLOSSARY Glossary-1

REFERENCES References-1

INDEX To Be Included

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