安徽工商管理学院
2008入学考前辅导英语模拟试题（4）
Part І: Vocabulary and structure.
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The precious manuscripts were hopelesslyby long exposure in the cold, damp cellar.
A. ruined B. damaged
C. destroyed D. harmed
2. The board of the company has decided toits operation to include all aspects of the clothing business.
A. extend B. enlarge C. expand D. amplify
3.That sound doesn’tin his language, so it’s difficult for him to pronounce it .
A. happen B. occur C. have D. take place
4. The accommodation was cheap, but the food was very.
A. high B. costly C. dear D. overpaid
5.My boss insists on seeing everything in before he makes a decision.
A. black and blue B. red and blueC. black and white D. green and yellow
6. The work is not very profitablecash, but I am getting valuable experience from it.
A. in the light of B. according to C. on the basis of D. in terms of
7. At the meeting, Smith arguedin favor of the proposal.
A. severely B. warmly C. forcefully D. heavily
8. His attention oftenat lectures, No wonder he failed the exam.
A. branched B. wondered C. wandered D. went out
9.It’s often a mistake toappearance: that poor-looking individual is anything but poor. In fact, he is a millionaire.
A. go over B. go by C. go against D. go for
10. He doesn‘t seem to be able toany interest in his studies.
A. make up B. work up C. turn up D. use up
11.Man has used metals for centuries in gradually increasing quantities but it wasthe Industrial Revolution that they came to be employed in really vast quantities.
A. till B. until C. not until D. not till
12. His brother had become a financier, he wanted to be.
A. who B. what C. which D. that
13. These goods are sold at reduced prices, .
A. the defects are pointed out to the customers
B. the defects pointed out to the customers
C. the defects have been pointed out to the customers
D. the defects being pointed out to the customers
14. Basic research provides the capital fund of scientific knowledge,which the applied researchers drew to give society a rich rate of interest.
A. on B. up C. out D. to
15. I’ve kept up a friendship with a girl who I was at schooltwenty years ago.
A. about B. since C. with D. till
16.is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
A. What B. That C. it D. As
17. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, could go penniless by next year.
A. the larger one B. the larger of which C. the largest one D. the largest of which
18. For my own part, in seems that the main requirement of an international language is that it.
A. would be easily learned B. is easily learned
C. will be easily learned D. be easily learned
19. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer thanin the public mind today.
A. exist B. exists C. existing D. existed
20. The government is believed to be consideringa law making it a crime to import any kind of weapon.
A. to pass B. to have passed C. passing D. having passed
Part 2 Reading comprehension
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are five choices marked, A、B、C, and D. Choose the best one.
Questions41 to 45 are based on the following passage:
It has been said that management is a science and that leadership is an art. Management is comprised of concrete, measurable skills: planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. Thumb through any management textbook and you’ll see specific models, formulas, procedures, or techniques for monitoring and controlling performance output. Controlling productivity through adherence to standards is the stock-in-trade of the effective manager. It’s not always an easy task, and talented managers should be given the credit they deserve in helping their organizations succeed. No organization can survive for very long, let alone earn any sort of substantial profits, without sound management. But management alone is not enough in today’s marketplace. It is the right balance, a combination of efficient management and leadership that every organization is seeking.
Just what is the new model of leadership for the 21st century? It revolves around five abstract qualities. Managers may possess some or all of these abilities to one degree or another, but these skills are distinct from the particular qualities that define management. To better understand how leadership and management differ, let’s review the five leadership competencies.
Self-mastery is the foundation upon which a leader’s credibility is built and from which a leader’s image will evolve. Self-mastery involves awareness, acknowledgment, and acceptance.
It’s about discovering the qualities that make you special and unique. It’s about your own talents and abilities--your personal areas of excellence. Effective leaders create opportunities to showcase their natural abilities. They uncover their potential talents by continually stretching themselves and pushing themselves to their limits. At the same time, however, the successful leader acknowledges his or her limitations. To achieve true self-mastery you must accept yourself, including your faults, totally and unconditionally.
Vision is in many ways the heart and soul of leadership. While the manager must deal with issues and produce results on a day-to-day basis, a leader must focus on both the present and the future. The manager’s concern is today; the leader has a vision for tomorrow. But simply having a vision is not enough; you must make others believe in it too. Put your plans for the future before the eyes and ears of the people around you. When other people begin to buy into your vision and make it their own, good things start to happen—and happen quickly. Leaders turn their vision into reality by constantly letting others know what’s in it for them.
"Personal power" is the ability to influence and persuade others. It is not to be confused with "position power". Position power is embedded in hierarchical, organizational structure. Personal power is earned. You do not necessarily need to have direct authority over others to display personal power. In fact, in the most successful companies, leadership exists at all levels. Develop personal power by being dependable, following through on commitments, and demonstrating concern for the welfare of others. People will recognize your personal power and look to you for direction.
Empowerment completes the set of leadership skills. Although it has become a buzzword in the 90’s, leaders have been aware of the concept of empowerment throughout the ages. Empowerment is the process by which a leader enables other individuals to successfully complete a certain job or task. It is a technique that allows you to delegate responsibility for tasks throughout your organization, even at the lowest levels. As a leader, it is in your interest to nurture and develop individuals who will one day take your place, so make empowerment a top priority. Empowerment involves three critical ingredients: skills, confidence, and authority. Evaluate your followers’ skills and provide training to improve or enhance their abilities. Instill confidence in others and raise their self-esteem by maintaining face-to-face contact and offering praise for a job well done. Furthermore, bestow authority onto other people, giving them the right to exercise their best personal judgment. True leaders are always willing to give credit to others and accept responsibility for failure, while simultaneously supporting, encouraging, and empowering their followers. If you do so, you will develop an unshakable trust bond with others in your organization, establishing your own credibility while ensuring results. No one can deny the importance of good management in a successful organization. But good management alone is no longer enough. Recognizing the difference between management and leadership, and striking the correct balance between the two, will provide substantial dividends in the long run. Management will get you through today; leadership will ensure a better tomorrow.
After reading the passage, please make the best choice from the options given for each item below.
2l. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. management skills
B. leadership principles
C. the qualities that define management
D. the distinction between management and leadership
22. What is the heart and soul of leadership according to the passage?
A. Personal Power
B. Self-mastery
C. Vision
D. Empowerment
23. In paragraph l "stock-in-trade" means ______.
A. quality
B. usual tactics
C. credibility
D. responsibility
24. According to the four leadership competencies, which of the following is not the skill of a leader?
A. Dealing with daily issues and producing results.
B. Recognizing the talents of others and giving them the knowledge and the tools they need to succeed.
C. Nurturing and developing successors*
D. Making macro-plans and ensuring results.
25. From this passage, we learn that ______.
A. Leadership is more important than management
B. A good manager must have leadership competencies
C. Leading and managing involve distinctly different sets of skills
D. People with exceptional leadership qualities are usually undeveloped
Questions46 to 50 are based on the following passage:
Convenience food helps companies by creating growth, but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilization, the microwave is the last enemy. The communion of eating together is easily broken by a device that liberates household citizens from waiting for mealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone. The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150000 years could be destroyed.
Meals have certainly sated from the rise of convenience food. The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the day’s first meal has all but disappeared. In the 20th century the leisure British breakfast was undermined by the corn flake; in the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar.
Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook. One of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13M a day in 2002, the number of cooks and television programmer on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn’t a paradox. Maybe it is became people can’t cook anymore, so they need to be told how to do it, or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbies---golf, yachting ---not about chores. Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby.
Although everybody lives in the kitchen, its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silverstein’s now book, ”trading up” look at mid-range consumer’s milling now to splash out. He says that industrial –style Viking cook pot, with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the “kitchen as theater” trend in hour goods. They cost from $1000 to $9000.Some 75% of them are never used.
Convenience also has an impact on the healthiness, or otherwise, of food. Of course there is nothing bad about ready to eat food itself. You don’t get much healthier than an apple, and supermarkets sell a better for you range of ready-meals. But there is a limit to the number of apples people want to eat; and these days it is easier for people to eat the kind of food that makes them fat The three Harvard economists in their paper “why have Americans become more obese?” point out that in the past, if people wanted to eat fatty hot food, they had to cook it. That took time and energy a good chip needs frying twice, once to cook the potato and once to get it crispy. Which discouraged of consumption of that cost of food. Mass preparation of food took away that constraint. Nobody has to cut and double cook his or her own fries these days. Who has the time?
26. What might the previous paragraphs deal with?
A．The relationship between meals and convenience food.
B．The importance of convenience food in people’s life.
C．The rise of convenience food.
D．The history of food industry.
27. What is the paradox in the third paragraph?
A．People don’t know how to cook.
B．The facilities in the kitchen are not totally used.
C．People are becoming more obsess ,thus unhealthy.
D．Convenience food actually does not save people thrive.
28. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．The bad effects of convenience food
B．Mr. Silverstein’s new book
C．People’s new hobby
D．Disappearance of the old symbol of togetherness.
29. Why has American become more obese?
A．Because of eating chips.
B．Because of being busy.
C．Because of being lazy.
D．B and C.
30. Which of the following might the author mostly agree with?
A．There is nothing bad about convenience food.
B．Convenience food makes people lazy.
C．Convenience food helps companies grow.
D．Convenience food is a revolution in cooking.
Questions51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
Learning disabilities are very common．They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children．Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities．
Since about 1970，new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better．Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things．There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized．
You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability．There is no outward sign of the disorder．So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong．
In one study，researchers examined the brain of a learning—disabled person who had died in an accident．They found two unusual things．One involved cells in the left side of the brain，which control language．These cells normally are white．In the learning—disabled person，however，these cells were gray．The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been．The nerve cells were mixed together．
The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind，an early expert on learning disabilities．Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain．He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally．Probably，he said，nerve cells there did not connect as they should．So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed．
Other researches did not examine brain tissue．Instead，they measured the brain’s electrical activity and made a man of the electrical signals．
Frank Duffy experimented with this techniques at Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Boston．Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to wide area of the brain，not just the left side．
31. Scientist found that the brain cells of a learning—disable person differ from those of a normal person in ______．
A．structure and function B．color and function
C．size and arrangement D．color and arrangement
32. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage？
A．Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brain．
B．Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brain．
C．Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of brain cells．
D．Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain．
33. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that ______．
A．many factors account for learning disorder
B．a learning—disabled person shows no outward signs
C．reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the population
D．the brain activity of learning—disabled children is different from that of normal children
34. Doctor Duffy believed that ______．
A．he found the exact cause of learning disabilities
B．the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brain
C．the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brain
D．the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain
35. According to the passage we can conclude that further researches should be made ______．
A．to investigate possible influences on brain development and organization
B．to study how children learn to read and write，and use numbers
C．to help learning—disabled children to develop their intelligence
D．to explore how the left side of the brain functions in language learning
Part IV: E-C Translation
Directions:InthispartthereisapassageinEnglish. TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet. .
36)The types of daydreams, whether they are pleasant and hopeful or filled with despair take shape in childhood when everyone develops one of three basic daydreaming styles: positive，negative and scattered，American Health reports. Althougheveryonelapsesoccasionallyintoeachofthesetypes,positivedaydreamersaremorelikelytoimaginehappy, playfulorentertainingscenarios. (37)Negative daydreamers tend to dwell on life’s darker side, imagining dangerous and/or life threatening situations, such as the appearance of a fatal or weakening disease or becoming a victim of violence. Scattereddaydreamersareeasilyboredanddistracted.” Theirmentalimagestendtobefleeting, repetitiveandshallow, likevariationsonthesamefairytales,” explainsYalepsychologistRoniTower.
(38) While all three types are common, positive imaginations are likeliest to serve as springboards (跳板) for problem solving, while negative and scattered daydreams may leave a person feeling anxious. Negativedaydreamersarewaitingfortheothershoe“to fall”. Theirimaginationsareoftenguilt-riddenorobsessive.
Therearetimeswhendriftingawaycancauseproblems, accordingtoBlodin."Ifdaydreaminggetsinthewayofdailyfunctionbecausethepersonisdoingitallday,thepersonwon’tbeveryproductive,” shesays.” Theamountoftimeandthefrequencythatapersondaydreamsiswhat’simportant. Itshouldnottakeupallofyourtime.(39)If people find their daydreaming is becoming excessive( 过多的)，they should take a realistic look at what’s going on in their life and ask themselves what they are trying to avoid. Thentheycanassesswhatstepstheyneedtotaketocorrectthesituation."(Anyonewhohasahardtimediscriminatingbetweenrealityandimaginationorstartsreplacingreallifefamilyandfriendswithimaginedpeopleshouldseekprofessionalhelp.)
(40)Professor Singer sums up the advantages of daydreams to the average person: "by sitting quietly and letting your daydreams emerge instead of squelching(抑制)them, you may find there are parts of yourself you havenot been listening to.Insteadoffearingthem,you’llgainaccesstotremendousrangeofinteresting,creativeideas."