jennifer lackey
Department of philosophy, northwestern university
1860 Campus drive, evanston, il 60208
Phone: 847 491 2557 • E-mail:
webpage:
employment
Wayne and Elizabeth Jones Professor of Philosophy, Northwestern University 2015-present
Professor of Philosophy, Northwestern University 2012-2015
Associate Professor of Philosophy, Northwestern University 2007-2012
Faculty Associate in Women’s Studies, Northern Illinois University2004-2007
Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Northern Illinois University2003-2007
Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Pomona College2000-2003
education
Ph.D. in Philosophy, Brown University 2000
Dissertation: Rationality, Defeaters, and Testimony
Committee: Ernest Sosa (advisor), Jaegwon Kim, James Van Cleve
M.A. in Philosophy, University of Chicago 1995
B.A. in Philosophy with Honors, magna cum laude, Saint Mary’s College, Notre Dame 1994
research interests
areas of specialization
Epistemology, Social Epistemology
areas of competence
Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Language, Feminist Philosophy
publications
authored book
[1]Learning from Words: Testimony as a Source of Knowledge, (2008, hardback; 2010, paperback). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Reviewed in Mind, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, The Philosophical Quarterly, Analysis, Analytic Philosophy, Erkenntnis, and Philosophy Now
edited books
[2]Academic Freedom (under contract). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Volume of all new articles on the topic of academic freedom. This collection includes papers by David Estlund, Michael Patrick Lynch, Mary Kate McGowan, Michele M. Moody-Adams, Martha C. Nussbaum, Philip Pettit, John Protevi, Jennifer Saul, Robert Simpson and Amia Srinivasan, Brian Weatherson, and Justin Weinberg.
[3]Essays in Collective Epistemology (2014). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Volume of all new articles in collective epistemology. This collection includes papers by Alexander Bird, Rachael Briggs, FabrizioCariani, Kenny Easwaran, and Branden Fitelson, David Christensen, Margaret Gilbert and Daniel Pilchman, Alvin I. Goldman, Jennifer Lackey, Christian List, Philip Pettit, Ernest Sosa, and Sarah Wright.
[4]The Epistemology of Disagreement: New Essays (2013), co-edited with David Christensen. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Volume of all new articles in the epistemology of disagreement. This collection includes papers by Robert Audi, David Christensen, Stewart Cohen, Bryan Frances, Sanford Goldberg, John Hawthorne and Amia Srinivasan, Thomas Kelly, Jonathan Kvanvig, Jennifer Lackey, Ernest Sosa, and Brian Weatherson.
[5]The Epistemology of Testimony(2006), co-edited with Ernest Sosa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Volumeof all new articles in the epistemology of testimony. This collection includes papers by Robert Audi, C.A.J. Coady, Elizabeth Fricker, Richard Fumerton, Sanford Goldberg, Peter Graham, Jennifer Lackey, Keith Lehrer, Richard Moran, Frederick Schmitt, Ernest Sosa, and James Van Cleve.
papers
[6]“Punishment and Transformation,” forthcoming in Enoch Lambert and John Schwenkler (eds.), New Essays on Transformative Experience (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
[7]“Norms of Credibility,” forthcoming inAmerican Philosophical Quarterly (special issue devoted to epistemic norms).
[8]“Group Lies,” forthcoming in Eliot Michaelson and Andreas Stokke (eds.), Lying (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
[9]“Experts and Peer Disagreement,” forthcoming in Matthew Benton, John Hawthorne, and Dani Rabinowitz (eds.), Knowledge, Belief, and God: New Insights in Religious Epistemology(Oxford: Oxford University Press).
[10]“The Epistemology of Testimony and Religious Belief,” forthcoming in William J. Abraham and Frederick D. Aquino (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Epistemology of Theology (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
[11]“Group Assertion.” Erkenntnis (2017): doi: 10.1007/s10670-016-9870-2.
[12]“To Preempt or Not to Preempt,” Episteme 13 (2016): 571-6.
[13]“What Is Justified Group Belief?” The Philosophical Review 125 (2016): 341-96.
[14]“Disagreement,” in Robert Audi (ed.), The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015).
[15]“Reliability and Knowledge in the Epistemology of Testimony.” Episteme 12 (2015): 203-8.
[16] “Social Epistemology: 5 Questions,” in Duncan Pritchard and Vincent Hendricks (eds.), Social Epistemology: 5 Questions (Automatic Press/VIP, 2015): 111-125.
[17]“Socially Extended Knowledge.” Philosophical Issues 24 (2014): 282-98.
[18]“Taking Religious Disagreement Seriously,” in Laura Frances Callahan and Timothy O’Connor (eds.), Religious Faith and Intellectual Virtue (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014): 299-316.
[19]“A Deflationary Account of Group Testimony,” in Jennifer Lackey (ed.), Essays in Collective Epistemology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014): 64-94.
[20]“Lies and Deception: An Unhappy Divorce.” Analysis 73 (2013): 236-248.
[21]“The Virtues of Testimony,” in John Turri (ed.), Virtuous Thoughts: The Philosophy of Ernest Sosa(Dordrecht: Springer, 2013): 193-204.
[22]“Introduction,” (with David Christensen) in David Christensen and Jennifer Lackey (eds.), The Epistemology of Disagreement: New Essays (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013): 1-3.
[23]“Disagreement and Belief Dependence: Why Numbers Matter,” in David Christensen and Jennifer Lackey (eds.),The Epistemology of Disagreement: New Essays (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013): 243-268.
[24]“Deficient Testimonial Knowledge,” in Tim Henning and David P. Schweikard (eds.), Knowledge, Virtue, and Action: Putting Epistemic Virtues to Work (New York: Routledge, 2013): 30-52.
[25]“Group Knowledge Attributions,” in Jessica Brown and MikkelGerken (eds.),Knowledge Ascriptions(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012): 243-269.
[26]“Assertion and Isolated Secondhand Knowledge,” in Jessica Brown and Herman Cappelen (eds.), Assertion (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011): 251-275.
[27]“Testimony: Acquiring Knowledge from Others,” in Alvin I. Goldman and Dennis Whitcomb (eds.), Social Epistemology: An Anthology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011): 71-91.
[28]“Testimonial Knowledge,” in Sven Bernecker and Duncan Pritchard (eds.), Routledge Companion to Epistemology (London and New York: Routledge, 2010): 316-325.
[29]“Disagreement, Epistemology of,” Oxford Bibliographies Online: Philosophy (2010).
[30]“Acting on Knowledge.” Philosophical Perspectives 24 (2010): 361-382.
[31]“A Justificationist View of Disagreement’s Epistemic Significance,” in Adrian Haddock, Alan Millar, and Duncan Pritchard (eds.), Social Epistemology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010): 298-325.
[32]“What Should We Do When We Disagree?” in Tamar SzabóGendler and John Hawthorne (eds.), Oxford Studies in Epistemology 3 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010): 274-293.
[33]“Testimony” in Jonathan Dancy, Ernest Sosa, and Matthias Steup (eds.), A Companion to Epistemology, Second Edition (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010): 763-768.
[34]“Knowledge and Credit.” Philosophical Studies 142 (2009): 27-42.
[35] “What Luck Is Not.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 86 (2008): 255-267.
[36]“Perspectives on Testimony.” Episteme 4 (2007): 233-237.
[37]“Norms of Assertion.” Noûs 41 (2007): 594-626.
[38]“Why We Don’t Deserve Credit for Everything We Know.” Synthese 158 (2007): 345-361.
[39]“Why Memory Really Is a Generative Epistemic Source: A Reply to Senor.”Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 74 (2007): 209-219.
[40]“Learning from Words.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 73 (2006): 77-101.
Winner of the 2005 Young Epistemologist Prize.
[41]“Introduction,” in Jennifer Lackey and Ernest Sosa (eds.), The Epistemology of Testimony (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006): 1-21.
[42]“It Takes Two to Tango: Beyond Reductionism and Non-Reductionism in the Epistemology of Testimony,” in Jennifer Lackey and Ernest Sosa (eds.), The Epistemology of Testimony (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006): 160-189.
[43]“Knowing from Testimony.” Philosophy Compass1 (2006): 1-17.
[44]“The Nature of Testimony.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 87 (2006): 177-197.
[45]“Testimony and the Infant/Child Objection.”Philosophical Studies 126 (2005): 163-190.
[46]“Memory as a Generative Epistemic Source.”Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 70 (2005): 636-658.
[47]“A Minimal Expression of Non-Reductionism in the Epistemology of Testimony.”Noûs 37 (2003):706-723.
[48]“Explanation and Mental Causation.”The Southern Journal of Philosophy 40 (2002): 375-393.
[49]“Testimonial Knowledge and Transmission.”The Philosophical Quarterly 49 (1999): 471-490.
Reprinted inErnest Sosa, Jaegwon Kim, Jeremy Fantl, and Matthew McGrath (eds.), Epistemology: An Anthology, 2nd Edition (Oxford: Blackwell, 2008): 855-867.
Reprinted in John Turri (ed.), Epistemology: A Guide (Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2013):
282-285.
reviews
[50]Review of Sara Rachel Chant, Frank Hindriks, and Gerhard Preyer (eds.), From Individual to Collective Intentionality: New Essays. Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews (2014).
[51]Review of Martin Kusch, Knowledge by Agreement: The Programme of Communitarian Epistemology. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 72 (2006): 235-238.
[52]Critical Study of “Pritchard’s Epistemic Luck.” The Philosophical Quarterly 56 (2006): 284-289.
[53]Review of Michael DePaul and Linda Zagzebski (eds.), Intellectual Virtue: Perspectives from Ethics and Epistemology.Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews (2004).
work in progress
book
The Epistemology of Groups (under contract). Oxford University Press.
papers
“The Duty to Object.”
“Group Belief: Lessons from Lies and Bullshit.”
“Why There Is No Epistemic Partiality in Friendship.”
public engagement
[54] Lecture, “Captive Minds: The Necessity of Education Behind Bars.” Evanston Public Library,
February, 2017.
[55]Guest, Philosophy Talk, Philosophy Behind Bars, February,2017.
URL =
[56]“A Journal Editor’s Wish List.” Blog of the APA, October,2016.
URL =
[57] “Pitted Against Yourself: Credibility and False Confessions.” Blog of the APA, April,2016.
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[58] “The Irrationality of Natural Life Sentences.”The New York Times, The Stone, February,2016.
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[59]“When Do Groups Know?” The Philosophers’ Magazine 71 (2015): 58-64.
[60]“Group Belief,” OUPblog, December,2014.
URL =
[61]“What’s the Rational Response to Everyday Disagreements?”The Philosophers’ Magazine 59 (2013): 101-106.
[62]“On Testimony,”3 AM Magazine, 2013.
URL =
[63]Guest, Philosophy TV, Social Epistemology (with Alvin Goldman), June,2011.
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[64]Guest, Philosophy Talk, Disagreement, December,2010.
URL =
presentations
upcoming presentations
Stockholm University (Stockholm, Sweden)February, 2017
University of Oxford (Oxford, England)February, 2017
Singer Memorial Lecture, Miami University (Oxford, Ohio)March, 2017
Groups and Disagreement Workshop, University of Copenhagen
(Copenhagen, Denmark)March, 2017
University of Wisconsin, Parkside (Kenosha, WI)April, 2017
Conference on Transformative Experience (Seattle, WA)April, 2017
Rutgers Epistemology Conference (New Brunswick, NJ)May, 2017
Uppsala University Women in Philosophy: Philosophy in Action Conference
(Uppsala, Sweden)May, 2017
Expertise and Expert Knowledge Conference, University College Dublin
(Dublin, Ireland)May, 2017
Bled Philosophical Conference on Epistemic Virtues and Epistemic Skills
(Bled, Slovenia)June, 2017
Society of Philosophy and Psychology, Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, MD)June, 2017
34th International Social Philosophy Conference, Loyola University (Chicago, IL)July, 2017
Conference on Deep Disagreements: Philosophical and Legal Perspectives,
New York University (New York, New York)September, 2017
Western Canadian Philosophical Association (Saskatchewan, Canada)October, 2017
Ranch Workshop (Tucson, Arizona)January, 2018
named and keynote lectures
“Norms of Credibility”
Western Michigan University (Kalamazoo, MI)November, 2016
“Group Assertion”
Erkenntnis Lecture, GAP.9 Conference (Osnabrück, Germany)September, 2015
“Group Lies”
3rdColombian Conference in Logic, Epistemology, and Philosophy of Science
(Bogotá, Colombia)February, 2014
Collective Intentionality IX Conference, Indiana University
(Bloomington, IN)September, 2014
Theoretical Philosophy Conference, Radboud University
(Nijmegen, Netherlands) April, 2015
“What Is Justified Group Belief?”
3rdAnnual Graduate Epistemology Conference,
University of Edinburgh (Edinburgh, Scotland)May, 2013
Gateway Graduate Conference at the University of Missouri, St. Louis
(St. Louis, MO)March, 2014
University of Texas, Austin, Graduate Conference(Austin, TX)April, 2014
6th Annual Chambers Philosophy Conference, University of Nebraska,
Lincoln (Lincoln, NE)May, 2014
Lebowitz Prize Lecture, APA Eastern Division Meeting (Washington, D.C.)January, 2016
“Group Belief: Lessons from Lies and Bullshit”
Indiana Philosophical Association (Hanover, IN)October, 2011 Northwestern University Undergraduate Philosophy
Conference(Evanston, IL)May, 2012
“Taking Religious Disagreement Seriously”
Religious Disagreement Conference, St. Norbert College (Green Bay, WI)April, 2012
professional presentations
“Group Assertion”
Assertion Workshop, University of Warwick (Coventry, England)July, 2015
Social Epistemology Workshop (Helsinki, Finland)August, 2015
APA Eastern Division Meeting Invited Symposium (Washington, D.C.)January, 2016
Epistemic Dependence on People and Instruments Conference
(Madrid, Spain)January, 2016
“Sexual Consent and Power”
Contested Sexual Consent Workshop, University of Connecticut
(Storrs, Connecticut)September, 2016
“Norms of Credibility”
Social Norms and Epistemology Conference (St. Louis, MO)March, 2015
Epistemic Norms Conference (Leuven, Belgium)November, 2015
Institut Jean Nicod (Paris, France)March, 2016
Intellectual Humility and Public Deliberation Workshop,
University of Connecticut (Storrs, CT)November, 2016
University of Groningen (Groningen, Netherlands)December, 2016
“Group Lies”
University of Toronto, Mississauga (Mississauga, Canada)March, 2014
University of St. Andrews (St. Andrews, Scotland)June, 2014
Southwest Epistemology Workshop, University of New Mexico
(Albuquerque, NM), August, 2014
International Workshop on Lying and Deception, Johannes
Gutenberg University (Mainz, Germany)September, 2014
New York University (New York, New York) October, 2014
University of Connecticut (Storrs, CT)December, 2014
University of Massachusetts (Amherst, MA)January, 2015
University of Georgia (Athens, Georgia) April, 2015
Lying and Deception Conference, Institute of Philosophy
(London, England)November, 2015
“Experts and Peer Disagreement”
Expertise, Humility, and Disagreement Conference,
Monash University (Melbourne, Australia) July, 2014
GAP.9 Conference (Osnabrück, Germany)September, 2015
Northwestern-Cologne Disagreement Conference (Evanston, IL)March, 2016
Ryerson University (Toronto, Canada)March, 2016
“What Is Justified Group Belief?”
University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) April, 2013
Bled Epistemology Conference (Bled, Slovenia) June, 2013
Social Epistemology Workshop (St. Andrews, Scotland)October, 2013
XVII Congress of the Inter-American Philosophical Society
(Salvador, Brazil)October, 2013
Midwest Epistemology Workshop (Notre Dame, IN)November, 2013
University of Toronto (Toronto, Canada)March, 2014
University of Bristol (Bristol, England)June, 2014
LOGOS Colloquium, University of Barcelona (Barcelona, Spain)June, 2014
Loyola University Chicago (Chicago, IL)January, 2015
New Insights in Religious Epistemology Conference (Oxford, England)June, 2015
Florida State University (Tallahassee, FL)October, 2015
Vanderbilt University (Nashville, TN)December, 2015
University of Missouri (Columbia, MO)December, 2015
Fordham University (New York, New York)April, 2016
“Religious Belief and the Epistemology of Testimony”
Baylor-Georgetown-Notre Dame Conference in Philosophy of Religion
(Notre Dame, IN) October, 2013
Rutgers Religious Epistemology Conference, Rutgers University
(New Brunswick, NJ)May, 2014
Testimony and Religious Epistemology Workshop, University of
Oxford (Oxford, England)June, 2014
“Group Belief: Lessons from Lies and Bullshit”
Workshop on the Epistemology of Groups, Northwestern
University (Evanston, IL)August, 2011
University of Warsaw (Warsaw, Poland)August, 2011Western Michigan University (Kalamazoo, MI) November, 2011
University of Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires, Argentina)November, 2011
Epistemology of Groups Conference, Northwestern University
(Evanston, IL)June, 2012
Washington University (St. Louis, MO)April, 2013
Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)June, 2013
Saint Mary’s College (Notre Dame, IN)March, 2014
Franklin & Marshall College (Lancaster, PA)March, 2015
Group Belief Workshop (Southampton, England)July, 2015
“Taking Religious Disagreement Seriously”
Classical Philosophy Lecture Series, Loras College (Dubuque, IA)April, 2012
American Academy of Religion (Chicago, IL)November, 2012
Saint Mary’s College (Notre Dame, IN)March, 2014
“Credit, Extended Cognition, and Testimony”
University of Hertfordshire (Hatfield, England)July, 2011
“Deficient Testimonial Knowledge”
Knowledge, Virtue, and Action: An Aretaic Turn in Epistemology
Conference (Jena, Germany) October, 2010
APA Central Division Meeting Invited Symposium (Minneapolis, MN)April, 2011
Saint Mary’s College (Notre Dame, IN)March, 2014
“Group Knowledge Attributions”
ArchéKnowledge Ascriptions Conference, University of St. Andrews
(St. Andrews, Scotland) October, 2010
Workshop on the Epistemology of Groups, Northwestern
University (Evanston, IL)August, 2011
“A Deflationary Account of Group Testimony”
Forry and MickenLecture Series, Amherst College (Amherst, MA)March, 2010
Epistemology: The Third Brazil Conference, PontifíciaUniversidade
Católica do Rio Grande do Sul(Porto Alegre, Brazil)June,2010
University of Waterloo (Waterloo, Canada) February, 2011
University of Edinburgh (Edinburgh, Scotland)June, 2011
Workshop on the Epistemology of Groups, Northwestern
University (Evanston, IL)August, 2011
34th International Wittgenstein Symposium (Kirchberg, Austria)August, 2011
University of Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires, Argentina)November, 2011
East China Normal UniversityJuly, 2012
“Acting on Knowledge”
Epistemic Virtue and Value Conference (Bled, Slovenia)June, 2009
University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill, NC)August, 2009
University of Wisconsin, Madison (Madison, WI)October, 2009
Saint Cloud State University, (Saint Cloud, MN)November, 2009
“Disagreement and Belief Dependence”
University of Tennessee (Knoxville, TN)March, 2009
University of Notre Dame (Notre Dame, IN)May, 2009
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Urbana, IL)September, 2009
University of Illinois at Chicago (Chicago, IL)March, 2010
Collective Knowledge and Epistemic Trust Conference,
Alfried Krupp Wissenschaftskolleg(Greifswald, Germany)May, 2010
University of Copenhagen (Copenhagen, Denmark)May, 2010
Social Epistemology Conference, TechnischeUniversität Berlin
(Berlin, Germany)September, 2011
University of Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires, Argentina)November, 2011
University of Notre Dame (Notre Dame, IN)April, 2012
“Assertion and Isolated Secondhand Knowledge”
ArchéAssertion Conference, University of St. Andrews
(St. Andrews, Scotland)May, 2008
The Place of Epistemic Agents Conference, Universidad
Carlos III (Madrid, Spain)October, 2008
University of Texas (Austin, TX)September, 2008
Syracuse University (Syracuse, NY)November, 2008
Author Meets Critics Session on Learning from Words
APA Pacific Division Meeting (Pasadena, CA)March, 2008
“What Should We Do When We Disagree?”
University of St. Andrews (St. Andrews, Scotland)May, 2008
Brown University (Providence, RI)March, 2008 Wheaton College (Wheaton, IL) February, 2008
Colgate University (Hamilton, NY)November, 2008
Harvard University (Cambridge, MA)February, 2009
Law and Philosophy Workshop, University of Chicago (Chicago, IL)November, 2010
Columbia University Law School (New York, New York)November, 2014
“Knowledge and Credit”
Midwest Epistemology Workshop, Northwestern (Evanston, IL)November, 2007
“A Justificationist View of Disagreement’s Epistemic Significance”
APA Eastern Division Meeting Invited Symposium (Baltimore, MD)December, 2007
Disagreement Conference, University of Calgary (Calgary, AB, Canada) October, 2007
University of Washington (Seattle, WA) October, 2007
Social Epistemology Conference, University of Stirling (Stirling, Scotland) August, 2007
“Why Reliable Testimony Is Necessary for Testimonial Knowledge”
APA Central Division Meeting (Chicago, IL)April, 2007
“Trust and Assurance: The Interpersonal View of Testimony”
Yale University (New Haven, CT)April, 2007
“Why There Is No Epistemic Partiality in Friendship”
APA Pacific Division Meeting (San Francisco, CA)April, 2007
“Trust and Testimony”
Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN)March, 2007
“Knowing through Testimony”
Wheaton College (Wheaton, IL)October, 2006
“Trust and Assurance: Interpersonal Views in the Epistemology of Testimony”
International Conference on Philosophy (Athens, Greece)June, 2006
“Assertion without Knowledge”
Central States Philosophical Association Meeting (Lexington, KY)October, 2005
“Norms of Assertion”
APA Pacific Division Meeting (Portland, OR)March, 2006
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (Milwaukee, WI)March, 2006
University of Kentucky (Lexington, KY)September, 2005
“Why We Don’t Deserve Credit for Everything We Know”
APA Pacific Division Meeting (San Francisco, CA)March, 2005
“Learning from Words”
Northwestern University (Evanston, IL)February, 2007
6th Annual Bellingham Summer Philosophy Conference (Bellingham, WA)August, 2005
Rutgers Epistemology Conference, Rutgers University(New Brunswick, NJ)May, 2005
APA Central Division Meeting (Chicago, IL)April, 2005
University of Iowa (Iowa City, IA)February, 2005 Northern Illinois University (DeKalb, IL) January, 2005
“It Takes Two to Tango: Reductionism and Non-Reductionism in the
Epistemology of Testimony”
APA Pacific Division Meeting (Pasadena, CA) March, 2004
“Memory as a Generative Epistemic Source”
4thAnnual Bellingham Summer Philosophy Conference (Bellingham, WA)August, 2003 Northern Illinois University (DeKalb, IL) April, 2003
APA Pacific Division Meeting (San Francisco, CA)March, 2003
“Testimonial Knowledge and the Infant/Child Objection”
APA Pacific Division Meeting (Seattle, WA)March, 2002
“Truth-Conduciveness and Testimony”
Southern California Philosophy Conference (Irvine, CA) October, 2001
“Testimonial Knowledge and Transmission”
Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville (Edwardsville, IL)February, 2000
Pomona College (Claremont, CA)February, 2000
The University of Texas at Austin (Austin, TX)January, 2000
“Knowledge and the Intellectual Virtues”
Lafayette College (Easton, PA)January, 2000
“Mental Properties, Causal Efficacy, and the Priority of Explanation”