Terms of Reference for the Development of a
Sanitation Sourcebook and Decision Aid
Background
In 2003, the Water Supply and Sanitation Performance Enhancement Project (WPEP) completed a study of urban sewerage and sanitation. The study confirmed the prolonged lack of activity and investment in the sector. Except in parts of Metro Manila and a handful of cities, the lack of sewerage or other public sanitation services leaves the population with few options for safe excreta and wastewater disposal.
What did the study find?
Financing sanitation improvements is expensive and the present market for these services is small.
Despite high hygiene awareness among urban communities, this is not translated to practice apparently because of sheer lack of options to improve their access to sanitation services. While water utilities are best placed to undertake sanitation services, the takers are few. Those that exist are struggling financially and have not been able to expand.
Affluent urban residents, who do not pay for sanitation fees, depend on private toilet and septic tank systems and expensive housing developments often include private sewerage systems and communal septic tanks. Thus, the potential revenue base of sanitation service providers is whittled down.
Even among the urban poor, participatory assessments found that uncertainty in land tenure, high upfront cost of connection to sanitation service, insufficient space for tanks or sewer lines, and marginal location dampen demand for sanitation services.
On the other hand, public awareness on the tangible costs of inaction (to livelihoods and health), enforceable local sanctions/regulation, and development of demand-responsive interventions, including low-cost independent networks, have been useful in increasing demand for sanitation services.
The Sanitation Sourcebook is expected to help stimulate demand by presenting a tool for sanitation service providers, planners and local investment decision-makers.
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Issues/Considerations
Annex 1 is a report of consultations conducted to validate the usefulness of the sourcebook to its primary target audience (executive departments of local governments) and develop the concept sufficiently so that these terms of reference can be drafted.
Purpose
The Sourcebook functions as a tool for analysis and advocacy by setting out basic knowledge and principles about sanitation issues relevant to planning and informing discussions about practical solutions in specific and typified situations. It is likely that the Sourcebook will be used as a tool to precede possible investment activities of WSP and partners, such as World Bank, GTZ, ADB, BORDA and USAID.
The general objectives (outcomes) of this activity are:
· Improved capacity of local governments and planners to deliberate on sanitation issues and options
· Facilitate community and local government informed-choice in the selection of sanitation options or implementation of sanitation projects
· Enhance national strategies and programs on sanitation by broadening the menu of service options and dialogues with local governments
The specific objectives (outputs) are to:
· Develop a sourcebook on sanitation to aid in the analysis of sanitation and wastewater issues and in decision-making related to technical options
· Hold dialogues with and among national and local governments and communities on sanitation programs and strategies
· Provide mentoring to a core team of institutional partners (DOH, DENR and participating local governments) in informed-choice, and decentralized and ecological sanitation approaches
Description of the Sourcebook
The Sourcebook will build on the existing body of knowledge and reference materials on technical sanitation options developed by academic, research and technical assistance agencies, such as the Informed Choice Catalogue developed by WSP for the Indonesian Sanitation by Communities Project, the Decentralized Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries Handbook by the Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association and Ecological Sanitation Toolkit of the German Technical Agency.
In its preliminary chapters, the Sourcebook will typify about 4-5 communities, population densities, livelihoods or small- to medium-sized enterprises and provide guidance on relevant sanitation-related issues and factors that will likely occur given the parameters of the typified hypothetical community, etc. The Sourcebook will provide guidance on (or methods for estimating/investigating) the likely sources, volume and characteristics of wastewater produced to enable a sufficiently-informed investigation of the problem in order to draw up possible solutions. Succeeding chapters will introduce basic system design and operation (including costs) of a range of possible options for sanitation and wastewater treatment.
Annex 2 is an indicative outline of the Sourcebook and identifies the types of information that the Sourcebook could contain. A number of reference materials are already available upon which to base the contents of the sourcebook. Some basic materials are listed in Annex 3.
The Sourcebook should be well-illustrated and written in simple, easy-to-understand form and will likely include checklists and other tools useful to practitioners. Its main section would not be more than 30 pages in 8 x 10 inch print, including illustration. The Sourcebook will also be made available in CDs.
Implementation
The Task Team (Consultants) will comprise specialists engaged by WSP for the purpose. (The Proposed Skills Composition of the team is provided in Annex 4)
The Task Team will consult with a Task Technical Working Group (TWG) who will be composed of representatives from the following government agencies: Water Supply and Sanitation Project Management Office (WSSPMO) of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), Environmental Health Department of Health, Environmental Management Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, national and regional office (Region 7). Some members of the Task TWG may choose to work more closely in the development and drafting of the Sourcebook and this, although not expected, is to be encouraged.
Quality Assurance
Members of the WPEP Technical Working Group, namely NEDA, MWSS and LWUA, and representatives of WSP, World Bank, and ADB will be invited to peer review major outputs and provide technical advice on each phase.
The WSP Country Team Leader (CTL), with support from the GTZ, will coordinate inputs from the involved government agencies and peer reviewers and monitor the activity to ensure on-time delivery of quality outputs.
Key Activities July 2004 to March 2005 (9 Months)
Preparatory Phase (2 months: July-August 2004)
1. Leveling off with Task Team and Technical Working Group and development of detailed action plan
2. Review of related literature and materials to be used
3. Development of concept and content of the Sourcebook, including selection of priority typified situations (communities, population densities, enterprise or livelihoods)
4. Peer review and finalization of the Sourcebook outline
Data-Gathering and Drafting Phase (6 months: August 2004 to January 2005)
5. Drafting the Sourcebook
6. Development of Appropriate Tools, Checklists and Illustrations
7. Review of draft, including consultations, possibly in workshop form, on draft Sourcebook and peer review process, including a presentation in a Sanitation Workshop in Bohol in October 2004
8. Rewriting and finalization of manuscript
Publication and Dissemination (3 months: January to March 2005)
9. Final manuscript editing, design and printing
10. Distribution and launching activities
Scope of Service and Expected Outputs
The Task Team will:
§ Conduct research and review of related literature necessary for the development, drafting and finalization of the Sourcebook
§ Organize and undertake a limited number of field investigation with the Task Technical Working Group in order to validate information where there is no readily-available documentation
In relation to field investigations, a research design/plan must be developed and agreed by the CTL and peer reviewers
§ Design, plan, organize and implement consultations (meetings and workshops) related to the concept development, draft reviews and dissemination of the Sourcebook, including a workshop on Sanitation in Bohol in October 2004 (This last workshop will be funded and organized separately by the WSP-EAP and GTZ).
§ Draft and finalize the manuscript of the Sourcebook, including all agreed chapters, design illustration and tools agreed at the outset
§ Provide necessary assistance in the editing and printing stages of the Sourcebook. Non-technical editing and printing will be contracted and managed separately by the WSP-EAP.
§ With the Task Technical Working Group and CTL, plan, organize and implement dissemination activities for the Sourcebook
Tasks / Indicative OutputsPreparatory Phase (2 Months)
1. Leveling off with Task Team and Technical Working Group and development of detailed action plan / Orientation and Planning Session Design
Detailed Work Program
Agreed Tasking and Timeframes
1. Review of related literature and materials to be used / Report
Presentation of Review to TWG and Peer Reviewers
2. Development of concept and content of the Sourcebook, including selection of priority typified situations (communities, population densities, enterprise or livelihoods) / Draft detailed outline
3. Peer review and finalization of the Sourcebook outline / Final outline
Data Collection and Writing (6 Months)
4. Data collection, which could include field investigation / Progress report
Research design/plan for field investigation
Discussions and meetings with TWG
5. Drafting / First draft report
Materials, including presentation materials for first draft consultations
6. Development of Appropriate Tools, Checklists and Illustrations / Draft tools, checklists and illustrations to support the Sourcebook content
7. Review of draft / Design of consultation workshop on first draft
Conduct of consultation workshop
Summary of key feedback and plan to incorporate comments
Response to peer review comments
8. Participation and presentation at the Sanitation Workshop / Presentation materials
Presentation during the workshop
9. Rewriting / Final manuscript
Publication and Dissemination (3 Months)
10. Manuscript editing and design / Final copy
Final printing design
Printed Sourcebook
11. Distribution and dissemination activities / Launch/dissemination plan
Conduct of launching and dissemination activities
Contract Period
The assignment is expected to be conducted over the period 26 July to 30 April 2005.
Schedule of Payment
The schedule of payment for the assignment is based on a lump sum value of Php 849, 452.50 for professional fees over a 9-month period between 26 July 2004 to 30 April 2005.
Reimbusable fees will be paid at cost upon proof or showing of receipts, to the maximum amount of Php150,500.00
Schedule of Remuneration of Professional Fees
Preparatory Phase
1. Signing of contract / 10% / Php 84,945.25
2. Inception report on the review of available literature on technical options and proposed typified communities/enterprises (long-list) / 15% / Php 127,417.88
3. Presentation and consultation to the Project Technical Working Group
4. Final outline of Sanitation Sourcebook / 10% / Php 84,945.25
Data Collection and Writing
5. Final acceptable research and survey design / 10% / Php 84,945.25
6. Draft complete manuscript with tools, checklists and illustrations / 25% / Php 212,636.13
7. Consultation workshop and presentation materials / 10% / Php 84,945.25
Publication and Dissemination (3 Months)
8. Final manuscript / 20% / Php 169,890.50
Total / 100% / Php 849,452.50
Annex 3
Reference Materials
Ancheta, Urban Sewerage and Sanitation: 30 Years of Experience, 2002, http://www.wpep.org
Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association, Decentralised Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries, 1998. (may be viewed at the Country Office )
DEWATS Indonesia, Appropriate Wastewater Treatment, June 2003. (may be viewed at the Country Office)
GTZ, Ecological Sanitation – Closing the Loop: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Ecological Sanitation, April 2003. (May be viewed at the Country Office)
Water and Sanitation Program, Urban Sewerage and Sanitation: Lessons Learned from Case Studies in the Philippines, June 2003, http://www.wpep.org
Water and Sanitation Program, Informed Choice Catalogue (sample available on request).
Annex 4
Proposed Skills Composition of Task Team
The Task Team of Consultants will be composed of the following experts:
Team Leader with solid experience in activity management of research projects and sourcebook development and writing; background in water supply and sanitation program delivery and understanding of local government issues in the delivery of basic services.
Environmental/Sanitation engineer with strong background on sanitation management, wastewater treatment and ecological sanitation; proven experience and knowledge in the design and construction of a broad range of sanitation and decentralized wastewater treatment facilities and understanding of sanitation and wastewater system principles; teaching experience, in particular development of learning tools is an advantage.
Wastewater and water pollution expert, with training in chemistry and/or biology with experience in laboratory and field assessment of water resources pollution and wastewater, particularly related to domestic and small and medium-sized establishments
Civil and/or hydrological engineer with experience in construction of water supply and sanitation facilities, particularly in coastal communities and detached establishments/estates, e.g., housing developments, farms, hospitals, etc; demonstrated capacity to estimate construction requirements and compute for standard costs
Social scientist/community development specialist/development planner with experience in investigation of gender and poverty issues related to water supply and sanitation; understanding of the use of social marketing techniques/approaches to hygiene and sanitation promotion
Environmental health expert with understanding of water-related diseases, experience in the assessment, prevention/control and implementation of health and hygiene programs related to water.
Education/communications or organizational development specialist with experience in the development of practical tools used in program operations, teaching aids, sourcebook/catalogues and implementation toolkits
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