Biology

Review for Test - Chapter 9,11,12

Handouts – Online packets on DNA diagrams and Chromosomes – Genetics Revisited

The Cellular Basis of Inheritance- Chapter 9 – Concept 9.4 Cancer cells grow and divide out of control.

DNA and the Language of Life – Chapter 11- Concept 11.2 Nucleic acids store information in their sequences of chemical units, 11.3 DNA replication is the molecular mechanism of inheritance, 11.6 Mutations can change the meaning of Genes

Human Genetics-Chapter 12- 12.1 The nucleus contains an information –rich genome, 12.2 – Accidents affecting chromosomes can cause disorders. , 12.4 – Genetic changes contribute cancer

Terms to know:

1. benign tumor

2. malignant tumor

3. cancer

4. metastasis

5. DNA

6. nucleotide

7. nitrogenous base

8. pyrimidine

9. purine

10. double helix

11. DNA replication

12. helicase

13. DNA polymerase

14. mutation

15. mutagen

16. genome

17. histone

18. trisomy 21

19. nondisjunction

20. duplication

21. deletion

22. inversion

23. translocation

24. genetic counselor

25. karyotype analysis

Concepts you should know and understand.

1. Describe how DNA is packed within the nucleus.

2. Explain the significance of the Human Genome Project.


3. List and define four types of damage to chromosome structure that can cause disorders.


4. How is a mother's age related to the probability of non-separation of chromosomes in her gametes?

5. Describe how it is possible to predict certain genetic disorder.

6. Explain how mutations to genes that play a role in regulating the cell cycle can lead to cancer.

7. Describe how inheriting certain mutations can increase a person’s risk for cancer.

8. Identify the building blocks of DNA.

9. Describe DNA’s structure and the rules for base pairing in DNA.

10. Explain how the template mechanism is important in DNA replication.

11. Describe the process of DNA replication.

12. Know the following chromosome disorders, Down Syndrome, Kleinfelter Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome.

13. The BRCA I and BRCA II gene mutation and effects on the individual with the mutation.