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Indian Civilization- Dr. Butler Name ______
-Indus River- First civilization on the Indian ______(sometimes called Harappan Civilization)
-Highly planned ______*use of a grid ______
-Around 1750 BCE the ______Valley cities fell into decay
-Some believe an ______altered the course of the Indus River
-nomadic Aryans came from the north and greatly influenced the subcontinent as well
The Mauryan Empire (______BCE)
-______(founder, visionary)
- great ______leader (Indian)
-started in the East and moved to unified ______India
-Chandragupta Maurya’s vast ______was raised by high government ______(up to ½ of crops)
-Defeated Seleucus I to gain total control over ______India
-Seleucus I was one of Alexander the Great’s ______who had inherited part of Alexander’s empire
-Running the Empire
-Maurya relied upon ______and ______assassinations to hold the empire together
-Empire divided into ______Provinces to watch over all, each headed by a prince
-each province was divided into local ______
-Empire would not reach its ______potential until Chandragupta’s grandson ______became king
-Chandragupta’s Grandson- Asoka
-At the beginning of his reign he was very ______
-After winning a war with a neighboring state, Asoka felt ______for the great death of his people
-He then started studying ______and began to rule by Buddha’s “______” philosophy. He promised to treat his subjects ______and ______, preached nonviolence and ______toleration
-He built extensive ______and maintained them
- When he died, the empire fell to other peoples which led to ______years of chaos in ______
Daily Question: As we have seen with the Mauryan Empire, high taxes were needed to fund the wars Chandragupta fought. How do you feel about the US spending a large portion of tax revenue on the military?
Bell Ringer: Do you believe government sponsored spying and assassination strengthen a government’s power?
______
The “Golden Age” under Gupta
-______(______) took throne (not related to Chandragupta Mauryan)
-strong leader that emerged in ______India
-Gupta Empire
-______great empire of India
-marked the beginning of a great flowering of ______civilization, especially ______culture
-Life in Gupta Era
-most Indians lived in small ______, most were ______
-most Indian families in North were ______(headed by the eldest ______)
-most Indian families in South were ______(headed by the eldest ______)
-Height of the Gupta Empire- under Chandra ______(son)
-expanded territory to include coastline to the west (Guptas could then trade with the ______world.)
-Reign of the first three Guptas
-great period of achievement in the arts, ______, thought, and ______
-Gupta Empire ended about ______
Bell Ringer: Do you believe a ruler who attempts to be powerful at all times to all people would be a strong leader?
Daily Question: The reign of the Guptas is sometimes believed to be a “Golden Age” of Indian Civilization. What period of US history do you believe might qualify as a “Golden Age”?
______
River Dynasties - Mountains and ______dominate ______of China’s landmass
- Shang Dynasty- 1700-1027 B.C. (overthrown by the Zhou Dynasty) – ______years after other ancient civilizations
- Much of the Zhou culture came from the Shang
- Written record (ideas for symbols) pg 53
- ______were used to talk with ancestors that were constant spirits but not gods. Good or bad could come from them to your family.
- Zhou -overthrew the Shang in 1027
-______: divine approval to rule; dynastic cycle- page 50
- Zhou leaders claimed their conquest of China was justified because the previous rulers had been ______; Zhou leaders also claimed that the gods had given them the ______to ______
- Mandate of Heaven became central to the Chinese view of government- floods, riots, etc. might be signs that ancestral spirits were ______with a king’s rule
- Mandate of Heaven also ______new dynasties coming to power
-To control their vast lands, the Zhou used ______: a political system in which ______, or ______, are granted the use of the king’s land in exchange for loyalty and military service for them
- Zhou improvements
- ______and ______for better ______and agriculture
- Coined money for better ______
- Parts of the ______(north) began for better protection from nomads
- Blast furnaces for cast iron development – better ______and ______(before used wooden tools because ______thought to be too good).
-Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
-Nomads invaded & broke up the ______system which forced the people to move for safety
-Lords & Nobles argued over ______. Without the ancient rule of loyalty and no social order, or protection brought chaos – the time of the “______” eventually destroyed China.
Daily Question: Early China had several dynasties, including the Zhou. Do you believe there are or have been any dynasty-like families in US politics?
Bell Ringer: Do you believe there is a “higher power” that puts certain people in positions of power?
*One influential scholar fought hard to bring back the ancient values ideas during the warring states his name was ______
Confucius and Social Order
- Things would restore themselves if society would organize around five basic relationships
- 1. Ruler to ______; 2. ______to son; 3. Husband to ______;
4. Older ______to youngest brother; 5. Friend to friend
- Rulers should also be kind, live virtuously while subjects be ______and law-abiding
- Collection of his sayings and works are collected in ______
- Education was important Confucius said, “education could transform a humbly born Person into a gentleman”
- His teachings were not immediately accepted but within ______years of death became popular; Never a ______, but an ethical system (accepted principles of right and wrong)
- Symbol- yin and yang- yin (cold, dark, soft and mysterious) and yang (warm, bright, hard, clean) symbol’s powers represent natural rhythm of ______
- Filial Piety- respect for parents and devotion for life
Legalism – restore power through government order and control through ______reinforcement
- no independent ______(UGA fans)
- legalism was linked by the prince of the Qin Dynasty (that replaced the Zhou Dynasty)
Qin Dynasty (started with feudalist system) 221 B.C.
- Feudal states were constantly at ______with one another during “the warring states” period. Traditional ancient values for China collapse and one of the Feudal states grew in power. Ruler ______in 221 conquered rivals and Feudal States grew into power. Ruler Qin (only _____ years old) in 221 conquered rivals and started a new dynasty.
Shi Huangdi – name means (______) attacked others and doubled size of dynasty
- Goal was to ______China and destroy ______
- He introduced policy of “strengthening the trunk and weakening the ______”
- Uprooted families because of his paranoid and forced them to live within the ______walls and had officials (like spies) to watch over
- To avoid criticism he and his government officials ______hundreds of Confucian scholars, burned “useless books” then established an ______- unlimited power in arbitrary manner
- For centralization of his dynasty– network highway (4,000+ miles), writing ______, ______, and weights (cart axels)
- Trade and irrigation improved which = higher ______
- Unification of China at the expense of human freedom by building the Great _____ of China
The Great Wall of China
- under Zhou smaller walls were built to avoid northern attacks by ______
- no money or pride for country = work or ______
- Fall of Qin Dynasty – was to the ______Dynasty attack (led by a peasant)
______
Hinduism and Buddhism
Hinduism
-collection of ______that develop slowly over a long period of time
-cannot be traced back to one founder with a single set of ideas
Beliefs and Origins
-Hindus see religion as a way to liberate the soul from illusions and mistakes of everyday existence
-How can this liberation be learned?
-The Upanishads: group of writings that are a dialogue between a ______and ______; it explores how a person can achieve liberation from ______and ______
-reincarnation: as individual’s soul is ______and again until they arrive at a state of perfect understanding of all things
-a soul’s ______(good or bad deeds) follows into each rebirth
Changes of Hinduism
-Hinduism consists of multiple gods
-they can choose which worship or choose none
The Caste System
-______and reincarnation strengthened the caste system (class distinction)
-a warrior or merchant had ______karma in previous lives; females and laborers had had bad ______
-Hinduism and the caste system determined what people ______, cleanliness, ______, etc.
gods to know -Brahman (the world soul)- sometimes seen as having three personalities of three (3) gods
1. Brahma- the ______
2. Vishnu- the ______
3. Shiva- the ______
-Devi- the great ______goddess
Bell Ringer: Do you believe that the good things you do positively affect your life? Do you believe that acting negatively brings negative things into your life?
Daily Question: As we have seen, Hinduism strengthened the caste system in India. Do you feel as if the US has a caste system of its own?
______
Buddhism
- Siddhartha Gautama: founder of Buddhism (sidh-DAHR-tuh GOW-tuh-meh)
-born into a noble family in ______(563 BC)
-according to legend little Gautama exhibited the marks of a ______man; this legend claims that a prophecy indicated that if he ______home he would become a great spiritual leader and that if he ______at home he would become a world leader.
-his father isolated his son in the ______to ensure he would become a world ruler
-Siddhartha later became curious about the world outside and left the palace and observed:
1st trip: he saw an ______; 2nd trip: he saw a ______man; 3rd trip: he saw a ______;
4th trip: he saw a wondering ______who seemed to be at peace with himself
-Siddhartha interpreted this to mean that everyone gets ______, sick, and ______but a spiritual life offers a refuge from ______
-Siddhartha left the palace and wandered through the forests of India for six (6) years seeking ______
-Finally, after ______days of mediation, he discovered the cause of suffering in the world, thus becoming the Buddha or the “______”
Origins & Beliefs
-The Buddha’s first sermon included his four main ideas (Four Noble Truths) he came to understand about enlightenment:
1. First Noble Truth: Life is filled with ______
2. Second Noble Truth: the cause of suffering is people’s desire for temporary pleasure
3. Third Noble Truth: to end all suffering, you must end all ______
4. Fourth Noble Truth: Desire could be ended by following the ______
-The Buddha taught that the Eightfold Path consisted of the following:
-right ______, right resolve, right ______, right conduct, right livelihood, right ______, right mindfulness, right ______
-By following this path, Buddha claimed that one could reach nirvana, or a ______from selfishness and ______Buddha accepted Hinduism’s idea of reincarnation, but rejected the gods of Hinduism and the ______.
Bell Ringer: What do you believe to be the source of suffering and sorrow in the world?
Daily Question: Buddha’s Second Noble Truth taught that suffering was caused by people’s desire for temporary pleasures. Do you believe Buddha’s Second Noble Truth to be true? If so, how might one resist such “temporary pleasures” in a modern society like our own society?
______
The Religious Community
The “Three Jewels” of Buddhism
1. The spiritual ______(sangha)
2. The Buddha
3. Buddhist doctrine or ______(dharma)
Relation to Society
-gained large following in northeast ______
-those that became ______and nuns took vows to live in poverty, remain ______(did not marry), and not to act violently
-reluctantly allowed women to join the religious orders in fear that they would ______the monks
Buddhism and India
-Buddhism spread over large parts of Asia but never really “took off” in ______
-Why did not Buddhism survive in India? Possible answer- it was absorbed by ______
-Buddhists still make pilgrimages to India and Nepal to visit places of importance in Buddha’s life
Trade and Buddhism
-______were important, but trade played the more crucial role
-Buddhism was carried along trade routes to ______, Korea, and ______; became the most widespread practice of East Asia
Bell Ringer: Do you find the opposite gender a distraction if you are attempting to conduct something serious and they are present?
Daily Question: As we have seen, Buddhist monks and nuns agreed to live in poverty, remain single, and act in nonviolent ways. Would you be willing to live such a lifestyle for something in which you strongly believed?
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