Name ______
Date ______Block___
Biology Final Exam Review 2009
The biology final exam is scheduled for Monday June 8th, 2009 at 8:15. Please bring your textbook and pencils with you. The test will consist of multiple choice questions. The following units will be covered on the exam:
· Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics
· Chapter 14 The Human Genome
· Chapter 12 DNA and RNA
· Chapter 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
· Chapter 16 Evolution of Populations
· Chapter 19 Bacteria and Viruses
· Chapter 20 Protists
· Chapter 8 Photosynthesis and Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
· Chapter 22 (Section 22-1) Introduction to Plants
· Chapter 23 Roots, Stems, and Leaves
· Chapter 24 Reproduction of Seed Plants
· Chapter 3 Nutrient Cycles
· Chapter 21 Fungi
· Chapter 26 (Section 26-1) Introduction to the Animal Kingdom
· Chapter 35 Nervous System
· Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory System
· Chapter 38 Digestion and Excretory System
The following questions will help you prepare for the test. Happy studying!!
1. ______is the process that forms ______or sex cells.
2. If a parent cell has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the daughter cell have after meiosis?
3. The ______is the male gamete and the ______is the female gamete.
4. A cell with only one set of chromosomes is said to be ______(n).
5. A cell with two sets of chromosomes is said to be ______(2n).
6. In a heterozygous individual the ______allele is expressed.
7. The ______allele is only expressed when both alleles are lower case letters.
8. What is the job of DNA?
______
9. The shape of the DNA molecule is described as a ______.
10. The four bases found in DNA are ______,______,______,
and ______.
11. In addition to four bases, the sides of the DNA ladder contain ______and
______.
12. In what order do the bases always pair?
______
13. If a strand of DNA has the code ATAGCCAATGTA, what would be the code of the opposite strand?
______
14. Draw a short chain of DNA with at least 6 base pairs.
15. How does DNA replicate itself?
______
16. List 3 ways the RNA differs from DNA.
______
17. List the 3 types of RNA and describe the function of each.
______
18. Describe what takes place during transcription and translation. These are the two stages of protein synthesis.
______
19. What is a codon? ______
Each codon codes for a specific ______.
20. Why are proteins so important to living organisms? ______
______
21. Complete the table of the characteristics of the six kingdoms in the table.
Characteristic / Eubacteria / Archae-bacteria / Protista / Fungi / Plantae / Animaliacell type / prokaryotic
method of obtaining food / absorption, photosynthesis, or chemosynthesis
presence of complex organ systems / no
22. What is the difference between aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic fermentation?
______
23. What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
______
24. Describe what gases move in and out of a plant through the stomata.
______
25. How does the energy source of consumers, decomposers, and producers vary?
______
26. How does the nutrient source of consumers, decomposers, and producers vary?
______
27. List whether the following groups include consumers, decomposers, producers, or some combination of the three.
Bacteria Kingdoms: ______
Protist Kingdom:______
Fungi Kingdom:______
Humans: ______
Plant Kingdom: ______
Animal Kingdom:______
28. A structural adaptation enabling an organism to blend with its environment is ______.
29. Evolution is defined as any change in the ______of the allele in a population.
30. Two organisms are the same species if the two can interbreed and produce a ______
______in nature.
31. When two groups of a population are separated by a physical barrier and no longer mate, the two groups are ______.
32. The founder of modern evolutionary theory is considered to be ______.
33. Upon close examination of the skeleton of an adult python, a pelvic girdle and leg bones can be observed. These features are examples of ______.
34. New variations in structural and physiological adaptations are provided by ______.
35. Summarize Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.
______
______
______
36. Describe two of the types of evidence for evolution.
______
______
37. A(n) ______is a virus that attacks a bacterial cell.
38. A RNA virus with the most complex replication cycle is called a ______.
39. Viral DNA that is integrated into the host cell’s chromosome is called a ______.
40. The two main materials that make up a virus are ______and ______.
41. A living cell in which a virus replicates is a ______.
42. Compare and contrast a provirus and a retrovirus.
______
______
43. Why are viruses not considered to be living things? Which characteristics of life do viruses have? ______
______
44. How does a virus recognize a host?
______
______
45. Compare and contrast the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle.
______
______
46. Why is Ebola considered such a threat to people? Why do researchers believe that another Ebola outbreak may occur in the future? What are 2 cultural reasons that increased the severity of Ebola outbreaks in Zaire?
47. Diagram a bacteriophage and label its parts.
48. Diagram a bacterial cell.
49. How do bacteria reproduce sexually?
50. How do bacteria reproduce asexually?
50. How do fungi digest their food?
51. Fungi bodies are made of tangled strands called ______.
52. How do fungi reproduce sexually?
53. How do fungi reproduce asexually?
54. Plant cells have a ______composed of cellulose.
55. What is the primary function of plant leaves?
56. A flower that has sepals, petals, stamens and pistils is called a ______flower.
57. The ancestors of today’s plants are probably ______.
58. What are three challenges faced by early land plants?
59. What is the function of the plant cuticle?
60. Some land plants developed an internal system of interconnected tubes and vessels called ______.
61. Complete the table to compare photosynthesis and respiration.
Photosynthesis Respiration
Organelle that carries out process / MitochondriaGas taken in / CO2
Gas released / O2
When process occurs / In the presence of light
Result of process / Energy or ATP
Equation / 6O2 +C6H12O6à 6CO2 + 6H2O +ATP
62. Label the parts of the flower in the diagram.
63. Draw a pedigree in the space on the next page.
a. Show the grandfather and grandmother. Label the mother line.
b. Show 2 female children. Label the children’s line.
c. Show that the first daughter is married and the son-in-law is older.
d. Show that the first daughter and son-in law have 3 children. The oldest is a female and the two younger are sons.
e. Number your pedigree correctly.
f. Show that I-2, II-1, III-1, and III-2 have attached earlobes.
g. Write the genotype for each person in the pedigree.
64. Complete a Punnett square for a cross between a homozygous red-flowered snapdragon (RR) and a homozygous white-flowered (R’R’). Give the genotype and phenotype of the offspring. Is this an example of incomplete dominance or codominance?
65 In cattle, red coat color is caused by the genotype CC, white coat color is caused by the genotype WW, and roan (mixture of red and white spots) coat color is caused by the heterozygous condition.
A) Show a Punnett square for the offspring of a roan bull and a red cow.
B) What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of this cross?
C) Is this an example of incomplete dominance or codominance?
66. In rabbits, coat color is determined by a gene with 4 alleles with the following dominance: agouti (C) > chinchilla (cch) > Himalayan (ch) > albino (c). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of a cross between an agouti (Ccch) and a Himalayan (chc)?
67. A man with type AB blood and a woman with type A blood have children. What blood types are possible in their children?
Hemophilia and color blindness are sex linked traits in humans.
68. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a carrier female and a normal blood clotting male?
69. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a normal female (not a carrier) and a color blind male?
70. Can human females suffer from hemophilia or color blindness?
71. Can human males be carriers of hemophilia or colorblindness?
72. Sequence the organs of your digestive system according to the order in which food passes through them.
73. How do villi of the small intestine increase the rate of nutrient absorption?
74. What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
75. What are the functions of the small intestine and the large intestine?
76. How does food move through the digestive system?
77. Outline the functions of the 3 major parts of the brain.
78. Contrast the functions of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
79. Distinguish between an artery and a vein.
80. Label the diagram of the digestive system
81. Label the diagram of the brain below.
82. Label the diagram of the Respiratory System.
83. Label the diagram of the heart.
84. Explain how a nutrient can be a limiting factor in an ecosystem.
85. Create a flowchart to trace one path that carbon might take through an ecosystem.