Name ______Period ______Date______

Cell Structure Study Guide

  1. Bacterial fimbriae present on the outer cell surface are used for

Sticking to other surfaces and during conjugation

  1. The association of endotoxin in Gram-negative bacteria is a result of the presence of:

Lipopolysaccharide

  1. The reason that bacterial cells are more resistant to osmotic shock than are eukaryotic cells is that they:they have a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan
  1. Which of the following is likely to contain structures composed of N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine:

Bacterial cell

  1. Usually, bacteria form more endospores in response to: harsh environment
  1. The use of antibiotics that inhibit or inactivate cellular ribosomes will result directly in the loss of which of the following functions: protein synthesis
  1. Endotoxin is associated with

Gram Negative Bacteria

  1. Eliminating which structure is always deadly to bacterial cells?Cell wall
  1. If you interfered with the ability of a Bacillus species to form endospores, what would be the result? The bacterium would no longer beexposed to high heat or extreme dry conditions

Matching:(NB page L55 the graphic organizer on structure and function)

Label

  1. ____cell wall______
  2. _capsule______
  3. Cell membrane______
  4. _DNA______
  5. __Ribosomes______
  6. _Pilus______
  7. __Flagellum______

Fill –in

A. Slime layer (Notes) B. Capsule (notes) C. Glycocalyx (notes)

A. Gram- positive B. Gram-negative C. endotoxin D. periplasm E. lipopolysaccharides F. Crystal Violet –Iodine Complex

(Reading in the back of the study guide)

Open Ended(HW questions #15-16 on page L51 in the Notebook

  1. Explain how the cell wall affects susceptibility to penicillin and lysozyme. (Make sure to include the action of penicillin and lysozyme .) ______
  2. Explain how the cell wall affects Gram staining characteristics.

______

Place the process of sporulation in order from 1- 5 and give brief description: (in your notebook on L55)

In bacterial cells, ribosomes are packed into the cytoplasmic matrix and also loosely attached to the plasma membrane. What is the function of ribosomes?
A) Site of energy production
B) Site of protein synthesis
C) Site of genetic reproduction
6 Plasmids are important to the genetics of many bacteria. This is because
A) they are inherited from one generation to the next.
B)they may carry genes that give their host a selective advantage.
C)they can render bacteria drug-resistant.
D) All of the above.

7 Bacteria do not always swim aimlessly but are attracted by such nutrients such as sugar and amino acids, and are repelled by harmful substances and bacterial waste products. Movement toward chemical attractants and away from repellents is called
A) gliding motility.
B)tumbling.
C)chemotaxis.

8 Gram positive cells
A) have a second, outer membrane that helps retain the crystal violet stain.
B)have multiple layers of peptidoglycan that help retain the crystal violet stain.
C)have a thick capsule that traps the crystal violet stain.
D)have a periplasmic space that traps the crystal violet.

9 Gram positive cells
A) have thick, homogeneous cell walls.
B)have large amounts of teichoic acids.
C)do not have an outer membrane.
D)all of the above are true.
12 Which of the following is not true about capsules and slime layers?
A) They consist of secreted material lying outside of the bacterial cell wall.
B) They can prevent desiccation of bacteria cells.
C) They are required for bacteria to grow normally in culture.
D) They help bacteria resist phagocytosis by macrophages.
16 What is the purpose of bacterial endospores?
A) Allow the bacterium to make hundreds of "seeds" to spread on the wind.
B) Help the bacterium to differentiate into faster growing stages of bacteria.
C) Allow the bacterium to survive the absence of oxygen.
D) Allow the bacterium to survive extended periods of heat or dryness.