FACE-TO-FACEBOOK: Virtual Community in College Residences
Rich Holeton
Director of Academic Computing Services
Stanford University
Outline
NEAR THE INTERSECTION OF REAL-SPACE & VIRTUAL COMMUNITY
Why is it important?
—Peer communities and student success: Chickering 1969, Kuh et al. 2005, Feldman & Newcomb 1989, NSLLP 2007, Office of Residential Education 2009, Pascarella & Terenzini 2005
—Purposeful communities/campus living units: Berger 1997, Boyer 1990
Research about real-space community
—Social capital: Granovetter 1973, Granovetter 1983
—Group formation: Tuckman & Jensen, 1977
Research about virtual community
—Greatest hits: Dibbell 1993, Rheingold 1993, Turkle 1995
—Text -based interaction: e.g., Herring 1996
AT THE INTERSECTION OF REAL-SPACE & VIRTUAL COMMUNITY
Neighboring in Netville: Kavanaugh 1999, Wellman & Hampton 1999, Hampton & Wellman 2003
Family Connections: Kennedy, Smith, Wells, & Wellman 2008; Boase, Horrigan, Wellman & Rainie 2006
Wired Frosh: Holeton 1997
Dorm.net: Holeton 2008, Holeton 2009
Impacts on residence halls: Vanden Boogart 2006
FACEBOOK CHANGES EVERYTHING
Why Youth (Heart) SNS: boyd 2007
Facebook and social capital: Ellison, Steinfield, & Lampe 2007
Social isolation: Fogg 2009
Geographical bounding: Ellison, Steinfield, Lampe 2007; Golder, Wilkinson, & Huberman 2007; Vanden Boogart 2006
Metaphors for Facebook: Fogg 2009
WHAT ARE THE RIGHT QUESTIONS?
Paranoia vs. Celebration: Buckingham 2008
Shaping vs. being shaped by new media: Herring 2007, Williams 1974
STRENGTHS OF FACEBOOK FOR REAL-SPACE COMMUNITIES
Creating identity: Groups: Stanford University Facebook Network (2008)
Group formation (forming): Tuckman & Jensen 1988
Transition to college: Ellison, Steinfield, & Lampe 2007; Holeton 2008; Ly & Schiller 2008
Building community: Ly & Schiller 2008
WEAKNESSES OF FACEBOOK FOR REAL-SPACE COMMUNITIES
"Open open open": Fogg 2009
Commodification: O'Keefe 2009
Large-group discussion: Ly & Schiller 2008
TOSS-UP?
Group formation (storming): Tuckman & Jensen 1977, Ly and Schiller 2008
Gender differences: Ly and Schiller 2008, Thelwall 2008
BEYOND FACEBOOK
Interoperable social nets: Breslin et al. 2009, Stross 2009
Sensors & context awareness: Breslin et al. 2009, Hay, Newman, & Rice 2009
iPhones on steroids: Stross 2009
Augmented reality: Stross 2009
BONUS SLIDE (!)
"Hamlet—Facebook News Feed Edition" by Sarah Schmelling, http://www.mcsweeneys.net/2008/7/30schmelling.html
References
Berger, Joseph B. (1997). Students' sense of community in residence halls, social integration, and first-year persistence. Journal of College Student Development, 38(5), 441-452.
Boase, Jeffrey; John Horrigan; Barry Wellman; & Lee Rainie (2006, January 25). The strength of Internet ties. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved January 6, 2009, from http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Internet_ties.pdf
boyd, danah (2007). Why youth (heart) social network sites: the role of networked publics in teenage social life. In Buckingham, David (Ed.) (2008). Youth, Identity, and Digital Media. MIT Press.
Boyer, Ernest L. (1990). Campus Life: In Search of Community. Princeton, New Jersey: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Breslin, John G., Stefan Decker, Manfred Hauswirth, Gearoid Hynes, Danh Le Phuoc, Alexandre Passant, Axel Polleres, Cornelius Rabsch, & Vinny Reynolds (2009, January 15-16). Integrating social networks and sensor networks. W3C Workshop on the Future of Social Networking, Barcelona, January 15-16. Retrieved June 2, 2009, from http://www.w3.org/2008/09/msnws/papers/sensors.html
Buckingham, David (2008). Introducing identity. In Buckingham, David (Ed.) (2008). Youth, Identity, and Digital Media. MIT Press.
Chickering, Arthur W. (1969). Education and Identity. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Dibbell, Julian (1993, December 21). A rape in cyberspace, or how an evil clown, a haitian trickster spirit, two wizards, and a cast of dozens turned a database into a society. The Village Voice, 36-42.
Ellison, Nicole B.; Charles Steinfield; & Cliff Lampe (2007). The benefits of Facebook "friends": Social capital and college students' use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12 (4), Article 1. Retrieved January 7, 2009, from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol12/issue4/ellison.html0
Feldman, Kenneth A. & Theodore M. Newcomb (1989). The Impact of College on Students. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Fogg, BJ. (2003). Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufman Publishers.
Fogg, BJ (2009). The psychology of Facebook. Presentation, sexual harassment advisor meeting, Stanford University (April 23).
Golder, Scott; Dennis Wilkinson; & Bernardo Huberman (2006). Rhythms of social interaction: messaging within a massive online network. HP Labs, 1501 Page Mill Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94304. Retrieved January 3, 2009, from http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/idl/papers/facebook/facebook.pdf
Garber, Debbie (2004). Growing virtual communities. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 5(2). Retrieved January 2, 2009, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/177/810
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Hampton, Keith & Barry Wellman (2003). Neighboring in Netville: how the Internet supports community and social capital in a wired suburb. City and Community 2, 3 (Fall): 277-311.
Hay, Simon, Joseph Newman, & Andrew Rice (2009). Sentient computing meets social networking. W3C Workshop on the Future of Social Networking, Barcelona, January 15-16. Retrieved June 2, 2009, from http://www.w3.org/2008/09/msnws/papers/sentient.pdf
Herring, Susan C. (Ed.) (1996). Computer-Mediated Communication: Linguistic, Social and Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Herring, Susan C. (2007). Questioning the generational divide: technological exoticism and adult constructions of online youth identity. In Buckingham, David (Ed.) (2008). Youth, Identity, and Digital Media. MIT Press.
Holeton, Richard (1997). Wired Frosh: A Case Study of Electronic Community Building in a Freshman Dorm. Stanford University website. http://www.stanford.edu/~holeton/wired-frosh/index.html
Holeton, Richard (2008). New students, emerging technologies, virtual communities, and the college residential experience. Monograph chapter. William J. Zeller (ed.) (2008). Residence Life and the New Student Experience. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina, National Resource Center for The First-Year Experience and Students in Transition.
Holeton, Richard (2009, in press). How much is too much new media for the net generation? Book chapter. Cheryl Ball & James Kalmbach (eds.) (2009, in press). Reading and Writing New Media. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
Kavanaugh, Andrea (1999, September 27-29). The impact of computer networking on community: a social network analysis approach. Paper presented at Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Alexandria, VA. Retrieved January 7, 2009, from http://www.bev.net/about/research/reports/docs/TPRC.UserStudy.Kavanaugh.pdf
Kennedy, Tracy L.M.; Aaron Smith; Amy Tracy Wells; & Barry Wellman (2008, October 19). Networked Families. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved January 7, 2009, from http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Networked_Family.pdf
Kuh, George D., Jillian Kinzie, John H. Schuh, Elizabeth J. Whitt, & Associates (2005). Student Success in College: Creating Conditions That Matter. Jossey-Bass.
Ly, Jennifer & Josh Schiller (2008, June). The real world: Facebook. Paper presented at the ResNet Symposium, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada. Retrieved January 5, 2009, from http://resnetsymposium.org/rspm/public/files/proposal/19/the_real_world-facebook_slides.pdf
National Study of Living Learning Programs (NSLLP) (2007). Center for Student Studies (website). Survey Sciences Group, Ann Arbor, MI. Retrieved January 7, 2009, from http://www.livelearnstudy.net/
Office of Residential Education, Stanford University (2009). Stanford University website. Retrieved June 7, 2009 from http://resed.stanford.edu/
O’Keefe, Tom (2009). MySpace revenues & valuation compared to Facebook. ToKiBiz blog post, tomokeefe.com website. Retrieved January 10, 2009, from http://tomokeefe.com/2008/06/23/myspace-revenues-valuation-compared-to-facebook/?referer=sphere_related_content/
Pascarella, Ernest T. & Patrick T. Terenzini (2005). How College Affects Students, Vol. 2: A Third Decade of Research. Jossey-Bass.
Rheingold, Howard (1993). The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Stross, Charlie (2009, May 13). Gaming in the world of 2030. LOGIN 2009 Conference Keynote. Seattle, WA. Retrieved June 2, 2009, from http://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2009/05/login_2009_keynote_gaming_in_t.html
Thelwall, Mike (2008).Social networks, gender and friending: An analysis of MySpace member profiles. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(8):1321–1330.
Tuckman, Bruce W. & Mary Ann C. Jensen (1977). Stages of small-group development revisited. Group & Organization Management, 2(4), 419-427.
Turkle, Sherry (1995). Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of Internet. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Vanden Boogart, Matthew Robert (2006). Uncovering the social impacts of Facebook on a college campus. Kansas State University Master's Thesis, Manhattan, Kansas. Unpublished. Retrieved January 3, 2009, from http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/handle/2097/181
Wellman, Barry & Keith Hampton (1999). Living networked in a wired world. Contemporary Sociology, 28(6):648–654.
Williams, Raymond (1974). Television: Technology and Cultural Form. London: Fontana.
Music
“Facebook Song” by Rhett and Link, Websongs, Vol. 1 ℗ 2007 Catapult
“My Facebook Song” by Kurt Darren, Voorwaarts Mars, ℗ 2007 Select Music
“On the Facebook” by Hewitt Jones & Foggitt—On the Facebook—℗2007 Court Lane Records
Photos
Slide 1, 80
"Free Train Station Girls Talking on Cell Phones Creative Commons"
http://flickr.com/photos/pinksherbet/2796862756/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Pink Sherbet Photography
Slide 2, 3, 7, 21, 27
"Crossroads"
http://flickr.com/photos/icemanphoto/1739731523/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by IcE MaN Photography
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"not quite clear on the concept"
http://flickr.com/photos/wwworks/1431384410/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by woodleywonderworks
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"Throwing Hai"
http://flickr.com/photos/missturner/2167810935/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by MissTurner
"Barn1405"
http://flickr.com/photos/flattop341/212331572/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by flattop341
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"A young boy dreams big dreams of what lies beyond"
http://flickr.com/photos/kretyen/2628104710/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by kretyen
Slide 8
Stanford University website
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"Enjoying an Afternoon Outside the Dorm"
http://flickr.com/photos/celebdu/789129023/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by celebdu
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"Chemistry Set"
http://flickr.com/photos/ace_0f_magic/3065627749/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Alejandro Hernandez
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"beinecke"
http://flickr.com/photos/pgoyette/94520121/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by paul goyette
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"Happy Our Birthday :)"
http://flickr.com/photos/hamed/564819621/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Hamed Saber
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"Avatar-Based Marketing: What's the Future for Real-Life Companies Marketing to Second Life Avatars?""
http://flickr.com/photos/pathfinderlinden/174071418/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Pathfinder Linde
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"Never Alone // Hebrews 13:5"
http://flickr.com/photos/demibrooke/2571620989/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by db*photography
Slide 16
"Andromeda, again."
http://flickr.com/photos/makelessnoise/251478651/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by makelessnoise
"2 of 3 Coast Guard 47' Motor Lifeboat performs storm exercises in wild surf at Morro Bay"
http://flickr.com/photos/mikebaird/3016985275/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by mikebaird
"Blue uniformed women and two costumed characters"
http://flickr.com/photos/ethanhein/1555939236/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Ethan Hein
"Odissi"
http://flickr.com/photos/iqbalsaggu/965319786/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Iqbal Saggu
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"Meg's Quilt #1"
http://flickr.com/photos/21299788@N00/295421441/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by claygrl
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"Canon Cat promotional photo #1"
http://flickr.com/photos/mwichary/2240608755/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Marcin Wichary
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"Draenei Paladin - World of Warcraft"
http://flickr.com/photos/chanchan222/2853664161/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by chanchan222
Slide 22, 52
"do you know how to tie a knot? II"
http://flickr.com/photos/gustty/23816091/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Gustty
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"vintage: family gathering in front of old car, 1940s"
http://flickr.com/photos/freeparking/503545381/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by freeparking
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"Shy Girls"
http://flickr.com/photos/faraz27989/201912072/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by said&done
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"Role reversal"
http://flickr.com/photos/lisanorwood/1347557915/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Lisa Norwood
Slide 26
Kansas State University website
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"Hang out in Starbuck"
http://flickr.com/photos/koalazymonkey/2968467076/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by koalazymonkey
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"vintage: teens from the 1920s"
http://flickr.com/photos/freeparking/2611867229/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by freeparking
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"Atlas, it's time for your bath"
http://flickr.com/photos/wwworks/440672445/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by woodleywonderworks
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"2006 NZ Auckland Esplanade"
http://flickr.com/photos/spaceprince/330440906/"
cc licensed flickr photo shared by spaceprince
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"We houden een garage sale vandaag!"
http://flickr.com/photos/db-evelien/2529510912/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Evelien De Bruyne
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"Bird houses in a row"
http://flickr.com/photos/30772919@N06/2902126701/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by virtualphotographystudio
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"Liz the Luddite"
http://flickr.com/photos/deanj/149490406/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by deanj
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"Somewhere over the rainbow..."
http://flickr.com/photos/dawnzy/3047246014/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by dawnzy58
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Richard Holeton
Slide 47
"Andromeda, again."
http://flickr.com/photos/makelessnoise/251478651/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by makelessnoise
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"The St Andrew's Face Morpher! 10 10 2005 14 02 16"
http://flickr.com/photos/mrbling/51157388/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by ebruli
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"untitled"
http://flickr.com/photos/gypsyrock/189904584/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Heart of Oak
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"People Behind Us In Hyde Park"
http://flickr.com/photos/rileyroxx/169900126/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by rileyroxx
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"Facebook headquarters"
http://flickr.com/photos/sheasphotos/2388978940/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Shazari
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"Indiana University"
http://flickr.com/photos/amyguth/3450474599/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Amy Guth
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"www.Army.mil"
http://flickr.com/photos/soldiersmediacenter/2999982340/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Army.mil
Slide 67, 68
"2 of 3 Coast Guard 47' Motor Lifeboat performs storm exercises in wild surf at Morro Bay"
http://flickr.com/photos/mikebaird/3016985275/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by mikebaird
Slide 76
"Web"
http://flickr.com/photos/kurtxio/2182760200/"
cc licensed flickr photo shared by kurtxio
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"This is soooo contextual"
http://flickr.com/photos/misbehave/2957793186/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by miss karen
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"Virtual Reality Headset Prototype"
http://flickr.com/photos/pargon/2444155973/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by Pargon
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"Concept for augmented reality mobile phone"
http://flickr.com/photos/leonardlow/310039863/
cc licensed flickr photo shared by In Veritas Lux