Sub-surface water challenge and describe in detail why the issue has become a problem and how human activities have contributed to the problem..
need it by the end of the day and it's 200 words, also i would need this, Provide at least three freshwater and three ocean water resource challenges. Thanks
Sub-surface water, also known as ground water, is the occurrence of fresh water, which collects underground. It includes soil moisture and ground water [1].
We are currently suffering a global water crisis. It is estimated that by the year 2025 the increased global population growth will exceed the demand of water to such an extent that we will no longer be able to supply it at the required rate [2]. We need to maximise the potential of subsurface water through effective and pinpointed irrigation in order to minimise the huge losses of water (therefore resources) that are currently taking place. By being more economical with our resources and minimising wastage we can ensure sustainability in the future. In underdeveloped countries farmers often have little knowledge on how to irrigate effectively, and to the best benefit of their crops, it is often donewithout regard to the crops need and the water wastage that results from it. By re-educating farmers across the world on how to effectively irrigate their land, and teaching them about the actual needs of their specific crops, we can hope to cut down on much of this wastage, and secure the future of our water supplies.
Fresh water challenges;
1.Pollution: Through past and present pollution of the water supply, made by both individuals and industries threatens the cleanliness and the usability of freshwater. By putting legislation in place in order to protect water supplies, we can punish offenders in the forms of fines, and use this money to invest in reducing the effects of the pollution that has already taken hold in some parts of the world.
2.Urbanization: The increase in population is leading to an increase of consumption of fresh water resources. Its is becoming increasingly more costly to clean this water to be viable for human consumption, and sanitary purposes, leading to a price rise in such a basis resource. Investments need to be but in place in order to be able to sustain our ability to provide fresh clean water, but also limitations on those who overuse it, such as industry, or people watering gardens in a drought. This will ensure longer sustainability of the resource, and keep costs at a reasonable level.
3. Climate change: This will lead fresh water resources to increase, as precipitation and rain fall will increase due to rising temperatures. Climate change will bring about droughts and flooding in certain areas at different times, and snowy mountainous areas will suffer from excessive melting. By putting plans in place to reduce the effect of climate change, and investing in science to ensure we know what is causing it, it will be possible to slow down, and possibly in the future decrease, its affect.
Ocean water challenges:
1.Pollution:Through past and present pollution of the water supply, made by both individuals and industries threatens the life of creatures who live within the sea, and increases the costs spent in cleaning the water to be suitable enough for human consumption. By putting legislation in place which will prevent this, we can fine the offenders, and use this money to invest in further efforts to reduce sea water pollution.
2.Rising sea-levels: The sea level has risen 400 feet in the last 18,000 years [3]. In the past it has risen at a constant rate, but with the advent of mans pollution, and the effects of global warming and climate change, it is steady increasing each year. The rise in temperature increases the thermal expansion of sea water, along with the melting ice caps adding to thesurplus water. Plans need to be put in place to reduce pollution and other common factors attributed to global warming to ensure that the sea levels do not rise so much that whole islands will be lost to the sea, and loss of properties through increased coastal erosion.
3.Water quality: Not at all dissimilar to pollution, but water quality also takes in to account the harmful micro-organisms that live within the ocean. Over fishing of the ocean has led to a population drop in certain species within it. These fish and mammals that live in the sea either feed directly upon algae and micro-organisms, or feed upon the prey of these creatures. By over fishing our oceans we are reducing the number of prey and increasing the number of these often harmful bacteria and algae. This presents health hazards to humans when using the water for irrigation, swimming in it, fishing, and using it for industrial purposes. If strict regulation is not put inplace and kept in place to stem the flow of over fishing, the oceanic water quality could eventually become severely damaged, leading to less wildlife and hazards presented to humans who use this resource.
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