20Th Century Foreign Policy

20th Century Foreign Policy

Instructions: On the following chart are listed diplomatic situations since World War I in which one of the three different styles of American Diplomacy was employed. On additional blank copies of the chart (posted on the wiki), list each event in the appropriate column and write a brief description (including the date and the president at the time of the event) and an explanation of how it illustrates that particular style of diplomacy.

“Big Stick Diplomacy”
“Gunboat Diplomacy”
“International Police Force” / “Dollar Diplomacy”
“Neo-colonialism” / “Moral Diplomacy”
“Missionary Diplomacy”
Definition: the pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of military power — implying or constituting a direct threat of warfare, should terms not be agreeable to American interests. During the Cold War, the US feared the spread of communism and overthrew some democratically elected governments perceived to be left-wing or unfriendly to U.S. interests. / Definition: a foreign policy designed to increase the sphere of influence or promote diplomatic interests of the U.S. through economic means; i.e. loans to foreign governments, embargos, promotion of transnational corporations, globalization / free trade policies, neo-colonialism.
Taft – “replace bullets for dollars”
/ Definition: support is given only to countries whose moral beliefs are similar to that of the U.S. (i.e. democratic governments.) It was created as a means of economically injuring non-democratic countries (seen as possible threats to the U.S.) and hopefully increasing the number of democratic nations. Seeks to promote human rights and national self-determination by using military intervention to influence other nations' policies.
D-Day Invasion
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Korean War
Brinkmanship
Formation of NATO
CIA overthrow of Iran
Alliance for Progress
Bay of Pigs Incident
Cuban Missile Crisis
Gulf of Tonkin Incident
Invasion of Cambodia
USS Pueblo Incident
Invasion of Grenada
Iran-Contra Scandal
Invasion of Panama
Persian Gulf War – “Operation Desert Storm”
Yugoslav War
2001 Invasion of Afghanistan
2003 Invasion of Iraq / Dawes Plan
Good Neighbor Policy
Japanese Embargo
Lend-Lease Act
Marshall Plan
Truman Doctrine (Greece & Turkey)
Eisenhower Doctrine (Middle East)
CIA overthrow of Guatemala
Cuban Embargo
South African divestment
Iraqi sanctions
North Korean sanctions
NAFTA / CAFTA / League of Nations
Washington Conference
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Good Neighbor Policy
“Arsenal for Democracy”
United Nations
The Cold War
Truman Doctrine
Korean War
Berlin Airlift
Vietnam War
Détente
Panama Canal Treaty
Camp David Accords
War in Somalia
War in Haiti
War in Kosovo
2001 Invasion of Afghanistan
2003 Invasion of Iraq

20th Century Presidential Doctrines

Instructions: Just like T. Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, every president attempts to establish a particular “style” of diplomacy or brand of foreign policy during his term. Obviously, unforeseen events will ultimately shape a presidents foreign agenda, but they will all usually approach foreign issues with a basic philosophy which will become known as their “Doctrine”. On the following chart summarize each president’s foreign policy doctrine; giving examples of specific instances when he applied that Doctrine. Then in the far right column indicate which of the three original diplomatic styles of Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson that president’s doctrine most resembles. You will find the following websites most helpful in completing this chart

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_doctrines

http://americanhistory.about.com/od/warsanddiplomacy/tp/foreign_policy_doctrines.htm

http://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/03/29/presidential.doctrines/index.html

President / Summary and examples of doctrine / “Big Stick”, “Dollar”, or “Moral”
Truman
Eisenhower
Kennedy
Johnson
Nixon
Carter
Reagan
G.H.W. Bush
Clinton
G.W. Bush
Obama