Test Review for Organism and Environments Test

1. How is a food web different from a food chain?

A food chain shows the series of events in which organism eat each other, showing the flow of the sun’s energy. A Food web is multiple, overlapping food chains in one ecosystem.

2. What do the arrows tell you in a food web/chain?

Where the flow of energy from the sun is going, autotrophs receive the most energy from the sun, and the further removed an animal is from the sun, the less energy it receives from the sun

3. Answer the questions for the following food web/chain:

·  If you increased the number of squids, what animal(s) would increase?

Penguins, Crabeater Seals, Leopard Seals, Killer Whales

·  If you increased the number of squids, what other animal(s) would decrease?

Krill

4. Which tropic level consumes the most of the sun’s energy and why?

Producers (autotrophs, plants) because they can absorb the sun’s energy to create their own food

5. Which tropic level receives the least amount of the sun’s energy and why?

Tertiary Consumers (carnivores that eat other carnivores) because they are the furthest removed from the plants.

6. Fill out the table below:

Tropic Level / Explanation / Example
Primary Producers / Autotrophs / Plant
Primary Consumers / Herbivores / Insects
Secondary Consumers / Carnivores that eat Herbivores / Spiders, Frogs
Tertiary Consumers / Carnivores that eat carnivores / Owls, Foxes

7. Label the different tropic levels below:

8. What is the difference between a predator/prey and a parasite/host relationship?

Predators hunt and eat prey, Parasites live on hosts and cause harm to them

9. When does competition occur?

When resources are scarce and populations are high

10. Fill out the table below

Long Term Change / Short Term Change
Example / Climate Change / Floods and forest fires
Two ways organisms can adapt / 1. Genetically adapt to the change
2. They become extinct / 1. Forced to move
2. Become extinct

11. What are 3 ways humans can affect the environment?

Agriculture, resource consumption, and pollution

12. How does the Sun affect the oceans?

Ocean’s circulate the sun’s energy and regulate the climate and weather

13. Why is Marine Algae important?

It produces oxygen from carbon dioxide

14. Explain runoff pollution.

Pollution from motorized vehicles, oil spills, agricultural chemicals, and recreation negatively affect beaches and ocean habitats

15. How can humans affect the Earth’s resources in the oceans?

•  Fishing too much causes an imbalance in the ocean’s food web

•  Spreading diseases into the oceans

•  Introducing new exotic species into the oceans