Microbiology Unit One Exam Review:
Famous Microbiologists: Matching Section
1. Louis Pasteur – Disproved Spontaneous Generation – proved Theory of Biogenesis; developed pasteurization; microbes cause fermentation and spoilage of foods.
2. John Tyndall & Ferdinand Cohn – bacterial endospores are heat resistant – presented sterility techniques to eliminate all life forms including endospores.
3. Joseph Lister – introduced aseptic techniques to reduce microbes
4. Robert Koch – helped develop the Germ Theory of Disease; established Koch’s postulates to verify Germ Theory; identified cause of anthrax, TB and cholera; developed pure culture methods.
Microscopes:
1. What are the most common microscopes called today that we use in lab?
2. What is magnification?
3. What two lenses are used to determine total magnification? Know how to determine total magnification.
4. What are the lenses called that are closest to the stage (specimen)?
5. What is the lens that is closest to your eye?
General Microbiology:
1. What are the 4 organisms that we consider microorganisms?
2. What was the Spontaneous Generation Theory?
3. Who disproved the spontaneous generation theory? What did he prove?
Bacteria:
4. What are the 3 domains?
5. What are some characteristics of Archae domain? Where do you typically find them?
6. What are some characteristics of Bacteria domain? Where do you typically find them?
7. What is the most significant difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
8. What are some characteristics of prokaryotes?
9. How do bacteria communicate? Know about this and how and why it works. (from article) – short/long answer question on exam
10. What are the 3 types of bacterial cell shapes? What does each shape look like? Be able to identify colored pictures of them.
11. How are the cocci bacteria arrangements, like staph, strept, tetrad, determined?
12. What is the cell wall made of in bacteria?
13. What is the glycocalyx and what is its purpose?
14. What is the difference between a slime layer and capsule glycocalyx?
15. What are endospores? What is the function of an endospore?
16. What are the 3 appendages bacteria can have?
17. What are the differences between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria? (think what the cell wall is primarily made of and the thickness, and what color they stain)
Microorganism Identification Techniques:
1. What are the 6 I’s of culturing microbes? (look on your notes title Bacteria & Staining Concepts)
2. What is the most commonly used media?
3. What does inoculation mean?
4. What is a colony?
5. What is the purpose of isolation of colonies?
6. What are contaminants? How could you tell if your culture is contaminated?
7. What is the primary purpose of staining bacterial cells?
Lab Techniques:
1. When making our agar plates, what were some things that were very important to do to avoid contamination?
2. What are the aseptic procedures used when we were making our streak plates?
3. What type of streak plate method did we use? How do you streak a plate?
4. Know the order in which we use the chemicals in a gram staining procedure and what times each must sit on the slide.
5. What color will Gram positive bacterial cells be? What color will Gram negative bacterial cells be?
6. What are aseptic techniques?
Protists:
1. What are protists?
2. What are the two major types of protists?
3. What are algae?
4. What is the key organelle found in algae that make them photosynthetic oxygen makers?
5. What are protozoa?
6. What is the main requirement for protozoa?
7. How are protozoa classified?
8. What can protozoa convert to when conditions are unfavorable?
Fungi:
1. What are fungi?
2. What are the characteristics of fungi?
3. What are the two types of microscopic fungi?
4. How do fungi obtain nutrition?
5. What are hyphae?
- How are fungi classified/identified?
Viruses:
1. What are viruses?
2. What are the characteristics of viruses (anatomy/morphology)?
3. How do viruses survive?
4. Means of transmission
5. How are they classified?