Name______Period______Date______
Second 9 Weeks Exam Review
Cell Cycle
1. What are the three step of the cell cycle
2. Identify the 3 stages of interphase and what happens at each stage
3. How does cytokinesis look different in plant and animal cells
4. Why do cells divide?
Mitosis
1. Identify the 4 stages of mitosis and be able to describe what happens at each stage
2. What is the outcome of mitosis (number of daughter cells and number of chromosomes)
3. Define diploid
Meiosis
1. What is the outcome of meiosis(number of daughter cells and number of chromosomes)
2. What are the benefits to reproduce by sexual reproduction?
3. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
4. Define Haploid
5. What happens during crossing over and why is this important?
Protein Synthesis
1. Who discovered nucleic acids (DNA)?
2. What does DNA stand for?
3.What is the amino acid that codes for the codon GCA?
4. What are the three types of RNA and which one functions as the blueprint for the genetic code?
5. What is the complementary strand of bases
to this DNA sequence ATTGCACGC?
6. RNA uses what base that DNA does not?
7. What is the goal of transcription?
8. What is the goal of translation?
9. Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA?
10. If you change a base in a codon sequence will this always show a mutation of shape or chemical nature of
the protein?
11. When do mutations occur?
12. When are mutations able to pass from generation to generation?
13. Name the process scientist use to make a copy of a gene.
Genetics
1. What molecule is responsible for your traits (eye color, body structure and cellular enzyme production)?
2. Define Punnett Squares
3. Blue eyes in humans is recessive. Brown eyes are dominate. Cross a homozygous brown eyed parent with a
heterozygous brown eyed parent. What percentage of offspring will have blue eyes? Brown eyes?
4. How many homologous chromosome pairs are in the human body? Total chromosomes?
5. When viewing a karyotype, how do doctors observe that nondisjunction has occurred?
6. Colorblindness is a sexlinked trait. If a father is not colorblind and the mother is a carrier, what are the
possibilities of a son with colorblindness?
7. Explain why colorblindness is sexlinked.
8. In the P generation, a homozygous tall plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability that an F2 plant will betall is
9. If you made a Punnett square showing Gregor Mendel’s cross between true-breeding tall plants and true-breeding short plants, the square would show that the offspring had
10. This is a pedigree chart for hemophilia.
Use it to answer the following questions.
How many males are in the pedigree?
How many females are in the pedigree?
What do you know about the parents in II-4 and II-5
11. Define homozygous recessive, homozygous dominant
Heterozygous dominant
12. Define Polygenic traits and give examples
Evolution
1. Define Adaptation
2. Define homologous structures
3. Define Survival of Fittest and give an example
4. Give examples of different plants adaptations for their environments
5. What are vestigial organs?
6. Define Analogous structures
7. According to graphics of rock layers, which layers are the oldest explain.
8. List different reasons for scientist to believe in common ancestry
9. Define adaptive radiation, convergent evolution, coevolution and punctuated evolution
Nomenclature
1. What are the levels of Linnaeus taxonomic organization
2. What level of taxonomic organization is more inclusive (largest)? Smallest Taxon?
3. How do you write a scientific name of an organism?
4. How can you tell by looking at a scientific name if two organisms are related?
Kingdoms
1. List key characteristics of Kingdom fungi.
2. List the kingdoms that consist of prokaryotic organisms
3. Give 3 examples of vertebrates.
4. Give 3 examples of invertebrates
9. List key characteristics of Kingdom Plantae.
10. List key characteristics of Kingdom Animalia
Biochemistry
Answer the following questions about carbohydrates:
a. What are their monomers called?
b. What are their polymers called?
c. What are their functions?
d. What elements are they made of?
Answer the following questions about lipids:
a. What are their monomers called?
b. What are their functions?
c. What elements are they made of?
d. What are the two types of lipids?
Answer the following questions about nucleic acids:
a. What are their monomers called?
b. What are the two types of nucleic acids?
c. What are their functions?
d. What elements are they made of?
Answer the following questions about proteins:
a. What are their monomers called?
b. What elements are they made of?
c. What are their 4 levels of organization?
d. What are their functions?
What effect do enzymes have on activation energy?
How do enzymes work?
What are noncompetitive inhibitors and how do they work?
What are competitive inhibitors and how do they work?