Post-Cold War American Foreign Policy
Part II: The Bush and Clinton Years Review II
(Use answers for questions # 41-73)
In 1990 ______invaded Kuwait. The dictator of Iraq was ______. The major source of wealth in ______was oil. President George H. W. Bush condemned the Iraqi invasion as a violation of Kuwait’s national ______or right to govern itself. Many world leaders feared that if Saddam Hussein was allowed to take over Kuwait, then he would next threaten ______and its _____ reserves. The ______Security Council voted to condemn the Iraqi invasion as wrong and immediately imposed strict economic sanctions or penalties on Iraq. Some observers also feared that Iraqi control over the Kuwaiti oil fields might allow Hussein to control the world _____ market.
President Bush moved quickly to assemble a ______or alliance of nations who were against Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. Great Britain, ______, and the Soviet Union all supported the ______-led coalition that opposed the Iraqi invasion. This opposition led to the Persian Gulf War. The first phase or stage of ______was a massive air assault on Iraqi forces occupying Kuwait. After five weeks of coalition bombing, Operation Desert Storm’s second phase began with a ground attack on ______and ______. The coalition’s ground attack quickly achieved success, as ______resistance soon collapsed, thousands of Iraqi ______surrendered, ______forces took control of Kuwait’s capital Kuwait City, and the rest of the Iraqi troops ______to Iraq.
By the end of February 1991, President Bush announced a ______fire and said the ______War had ended. The Persian Gulf War was the first war in which American ______served in a combat role. This war had three results. First, although the coalition forces achieved an overwhelming military victory in the Persian Gulf War, ______stayed in power in Iraq. Second, the American-led coalition achieved its goal of freeing ______from Iraqi rule. Third, the coalition had restored ______or self-rule to Kuwait’s leaders.
During their presidential administrations, George H.W. Bush and William J. (Bill) Clinton also dealt with the issue of ______policy. Both presidents supported the removal of ______barriers to trade with other nations. In other words, Presidents Bush and Clinton favored ______trade. They thought the elimination of tariffs would increase trade, which in turn would result in ______growth in the United States and thousands of new ______for Americans. During his first year in office, President Bill Clinton won congressional approval of _ _ _ _ _. NAFTA stands for ______Agreement. This trade agreement between the United States, ______, and ______reduced all trade tariffs and most business restrictions between the three countries over the period of the next fifteen years. The final provisions of the North American Free Trade Agreement took effect January 1, 2008. NAFTA created in ______a single market or regional trading block, which is larger than the European community. According to the United States Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural Service, “NAFTA is one of the most successful trade agreements in history and has contributed to significant increases in agricultural trade and investment between the United States, Canada and Mexico and has benefited farmers, ranchers and consumers throughout North America.”
Opponents of NAFTA at the time of its passage by Congress argued that the removal of tariffs on ______imports would cause many American manufacturers to move their factories to ______. American corporations would do this, because they could pay Mexican workers lower ______than American workers. These critics feared the elimination of thousands of ______jobs as a result of the NAFTA agreement. NAFTA continues to cause controversy. In a 2006 article “Revisiting NAFTA: Still not working for North America’s workers”, Jeff Faux, Carlos Salas, and Robert E. Scott wrote, “It should, therefore, be no surprise that NAFTA rules protect the interests of large corporate investors while undercutting workers' rights, environmental protections, and democratic accountability.” These critics also claimed, “Twelve years later, it is clear that the costs to workers outweighed the benefits in all three nations.”
In addition to NAFTA, the Clinton administration achieved two other foreign policy successes. First, President Clinton restored full diplomatic relations with communist ______. Second, the United States lifted economic sanctions against ______, when its government ended the policy of apartheid. Up until the final decade of the twentieth century, South Africa followed a policy of racial ______. The term apartheid refers to South Africa’s brutal system of racial ______and ______against the nation’s black majority, which enabled the small white minority to rule the country.
When the South African government ended apartheid, it released ______from prison. Nelson Mandela was the leader of the ______or ANC. The ANC was an organization, founded in 1912, which was committed to racial justice and equal rights for ______South Africans. When apartheid ended in South Africa, the ______majority came to power and ______became the new leader of the South African government. In response to the establishment of the democratic principle of majority rule, the Clinton administration lifted ______against South Africa. The policy of economic sanctions against South Africa, which the United States had established in 1986, placed severe restrictions on ______between the two countries. This American policy had a two-fold purpose. First, the United States wanted to condemn the Republic of South Africa’s system of ______. Second, the American government was attempting to pressure the white South African government to ______its racially discriminatory laws.
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