US1 Honors Midterm exam review sheet
Chapters 1-3 (and part of 4)
- Jamestown, VA
- When founded?
- Why?
- Problems they had?
- John Smith
- joint-stock co.
- John Rolfe and tobacco
- “starving time”
- House of Burgesses
- Powhatans
- When did first Africans arrive in colony?
- indentured servitude
- Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony
- Plymouth
- Pilgrims
- Why did they come?
- When founded?
- Mayflower Compact
- William Bradford
- MA Bay Colony
- When founded?
- John Winthrop
- “city on a hill”
- Great Migration
- Why not a true democracy?
- Halfway Covenant
- MA General Court
- MA School Law
- Wampanoags
- Differences/similarities between New England and Chesapeake regions?
- Compare/contrast French, Spanish, and English relationship with Native Americans
- 13 colonies
- proprietary colony
- royal colony
- Dominion of New England
- James Oglethorpe
- William Penn
- Thomas Hooker
- Roger Williams
- separation of church and state
- Peter Stuyvesant
- Anne Hutchinson
- antinomianism
- stressed faith over good works
- RI – religious toleration
- Fundamental Orders of CT
- Toleration Act (1649)
- Quakers
- Similarities/differences between NE, Middle, and Southern colonies: education,
political structure, economy, social structure, religion, etc.?
- gentry
- Bacon’s Rebellion
- patroons
Chapters 5-7
n Colonial society
- Differences between British and colonial societies?
- social mobility
- Great Awakening
- Jonathon Edwards
- “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
- Significance?
- John Locke
- Two Treatises on Government
- Most popular and respected professions?
- How did most colonists make a living?
- Peter Zenger
- triangular trade
- Middle Passage
- colonial smuggling
- Benjamin Franklin
- Poor Richard’s Almanack
n French and Indian War (7 Years War)
- Why did British and French fight?
- Ohio River Valley
- Iroquois League
- Albany Plan of Union and why it was not approved
- Benjamin Franklin
- “Join or Die” cartoon
- Battle of Quebec
- Significance?
- Treaty of Paris
n Taxes
- mercantilism
- salutary neglect
- Navigation Acts
- Why did the British decide to tax the colonists?
- Pontiac’s Rebellion and its effects
- Proclamation of 1763
- George Grenville
- “virtual representation”
- Stamp Act
- When?
- “no taxation without representation”
- direct tax
- Stamp Act Congress
- Why repealed?
- Sons of Liberty
- Samuel Adams
- Declaratory Act
- Townshend Duties
n Talk of Independence
- Boston Massacre
- Effects?
- What are the problems with Paul Revere’s engraving?
- Tea Act
- Purpose?
- Boston Tea Party
- When?
- Effects?
- Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)
- First Continental Congress
- Suffolk Resolves - Paul Revere
- Battles of Lexington and Concord
- When?
- minutemen
- Why were British solders at Lexington and Concord?
- “shot heard round the world”
- Thomas Paine
- Common Sense
- The Crisis
- Olive Branch Petition
- Define republic.
- Where does the government’s power come from?
Chapter 8
Revolutionary War
- Advantages and disadvantages of American and British armies?
- Hessians
- General George Washington
- Why was he an effective commander?
- Battle of Bunker Hill
- Why did Americans and British both consider it a victory?
- Declaration of Independence
- When?
- Main ideas?
- Thomas Jefferson
- Patriots and Loyalists
- Who were they?
- Nicknames?
- Areas of support?
- Other characteristics?
- Battles of Trenton and Princeton
- Why were they important victories for Americans?
- Battle of Saratoga
- Why is the battle considered the turning point of the war?
- Treaty of Alliance
- What other European nations joined the Patriot cause in 1779?
- Valley Forge
- Problems colonial soldiers faced there?
- General Benedict Arnold
- War at sea
- John Paul Jones
- How was American navy and privateers effective against British?
- War in the South
- patriot raiders
- Swamp Fox
- Battle of Yorktown
- When?
- Lord Cornwallis
- Why were Americans successful there?
- Treaty of Paris
- When?
- Conditions of treaty?
Chapter 9 and Constitution
Articles of Confederation
n What was the new western boundary after Revolution?
n republican motherhood
n What were the problems/weaknesses under the Articles of Confederation?
n Why did it take so long to ratify Articles?
n Land Ordinance of 1785
n Northwest Ordinance of 1787
n Problems of the economy under the Articles
- Shays’ Rebellion – causes and effects
n Constitutional Convention
- When?
- “Father of the Constitution”?
- Virginia Plan: James Madison and Edmund Randolph
- NJ Plan: William Paterson
- Great Compromise
- Main points?
- Three-fifths Compromise
- Main points?
- federalism
- Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
- Where had support, types of people, etc.?
- Bill of Rights
- Why added to Constitution?
Constitution
n Articles: focus on the first three and what they discuss
- Powers of each branch?
n Bill of Rights
- What rights are protected?
n An indirect vs. a direct democracy
n Electoral college
n Checks and balances – know some examples
- Various powers of each branch: declare war, create treaties, collect taxes, etc.
- Impact of the Revolution on society
- political, economic, and social effects
- changes (or lack of) for women, African Americans, etc.
Chapters 10-12
- Washington’s administration
- cabinet
- created by GW
- members of cabinet
- Major challenges for US?
- Hamilton’s economic program
- Whiskey Rebellion
- Significance of Washington’s response?
- Neutrality Proclamation
- Jay Treaty
- Main points?
- Effects?
- Hamilton vs. Jefferson – know views on:
- Bank of US
- assumption
- French Revolution
- manufacturing vs. agrarianism
- view of Constitution
- What was the deal made to get South to support assumption?
- Washington’s Farewell Address
- What did he warn against?
- Main beliefs of his foreign policy?
- Political parties
- Federalists vs. Democratic-Repulicans
- Leaders?
- Main beliefs?
- Supporters?
- Pro-French or pro-British?
- Adams administration
- Problems US had with France?
- XYZ Affair
- Convention of 1800
- Why did Adams lose Federalist support?
- Alien and Sedition Acts
- Purpose?
- KY and VA Resolutions
- Creators?
- compact theory
- nullification
- Jefferson’s administration
- election of 1800
- Who decided election? Why?
- 12th Amendment
- “revolution of 1800”
- What changes did Jefferson make to military?
- Albert Gallatin
- Marbury v. Madison
- When?
- “midnight judges”
- John Marshall
- judicial review
- Louisiana Purchase
- When?
- Problems Jefferson had with purchase?
- Lewis and Clark
- Sacajawea
- New western boundary for US?
- Embargo Act
- Purpose?
- Effects on US?
- Madison’s administration
- Causes of War of 1812?
- impressment, etc.
- Hartford Convention
- Chief Tecumseh
- Battle of New Orleans
- General Andrew Jackson
- Significance?
- When was it fought?
- Treaty of Ghent
- Major provisions?
- Effects?
- growth of nationalism, economic independence, etc.
Chapters 13 and 16
- Era of Good Feelings – why was it called that?
- death of Federalist party
- Henry Clay and American System: goals and accomplishments?
- Effects of Marshall Supreme Court
- McCulloch v. MD
- Missouri Compromise
- Henry Clay
- When created?
- What did it say?
- Where was the Missouri Compromise line?
- How did balance remain in Senate?
- Why a temporary solution?
- Election of 1824
- Why was it called a “corrupt bargain”?
- Adams-Onís Treaty
- Monroe Doctrine
- When created?
- What did it say?
- Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
- Industrial Revolution - definition
- Why did Industrial Revolution take so long to reach US?
- Why did Industrial Revolution grow in New England?
- textile industry
- Major inventors and inventions
- Samuel Slater
- Frances Cabot Lowell
- Lowell factory system
- Eli Whitney
- cotton gin
- interchangeable parts
- Samuel F.B. Morse
- Robert Fulton
- Erie Canal
- When was the canal era?
- Commonwealth v. Hunt
- How did Industrial Revolution affect families (birth rate, etc)?
- How did Industrial Revolution affect women?
- cult of domesticity
- domestic feminism
- Building of highways
- turnpikes
- “division of labor”
- What did each part of nation specialize in? Ex – South specialized in cotton, etc
- Immigration
- What 2 countries supplied most immigrants in 1840s and 1850s?
- Effects of increased immigration?
- Where did most Irish settle?
- Nativism
- Why did nativism increase?
- American (Know-Nothing) Party
- anti-Catholicism