US1 Honors Midterm exam review sheet

Chapters 1-3 (and part of 4)

- Jamestown, VA

- When founded?

- Why?

- Problems they had?

- John Smith

- joint-stock co.

- John Rolfe and tobacco

- “starving time”

- House of Burgesses

- Powhatans

- When did first Africans arrive in colony?

- indentured servitude

- Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony

- Plymouth

- Pilgrims

- Why did they come?

- When founded?

- Mayflower Compact

- William Bradford

- MA Bay Colony

- When founded?

- John Winthrop

- “city on a hill”

- Great Migration

- Why not a true democracy?

- Halfway Covenant

- MA General Court

- MA School Law

- Wampanoags

- Differences/similarities between New England and Chesapeake regions?

- Compare/contrast French, Spanish, and English relationship with Native Americans

- 13 colonies

- proprietary colony

- royal colony

- Dominion of New England

- James Oglethorpe

- William Penn

- Thomas Hooker

- Roger Williams

- separation of church and state

- Peter Stuyvesant

- Anne Hutchinson

- antinomianism

- stressed faith over good works

- RI – religious toleration

- Fundamental Orders of CT

- Toleration Act (1649)

- Quakers

- Similarities/differences between NE, Middle, and Southern colonies: education,

political structure, economy, social structure, religion, etc.?

- gentry

- Bacon’s Rebellion

- patroons

Chapters 5-7

Colonial society

- Differences between British and colonial societies?

- social mobility

- Great Awakening

- Jonathon Edwards

- “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

- Significance?

- John Locke

- Two Treatises on Government

- Most popular and respected professions?

- How did most colonists make a living?

- Peter Zenger

- triangular trade

- Middle Passage

- colonial smuggling

- Benjamin Franklin

- Poor Richard’s Almanack

French and Indian War (7 Years War)

- Why did British and French fight?

- Ohio River Valley

- Iroquois League

- Albany Plan of Union and why it was not approved

- Benjamin Franklin

- “Join or Die” cartoon

- Battle of Quebec

- Significance?

- Treaty of Paris

n  Taxes

- mercantilism

- salutary neglect

- Navigation Acts

- Why did the British decide to tax the colonists?

- Pontiac’s Rebellion and its effects

- Proclamation of 1763

- George Grenville

- “virtual representation”

- Stamp Act

- When?

- “no taxation without representation”

- direct tax

- Stamp Act Congress

- Why repealed?

- Sons of Liberty

- Samuel Adams

- Declaratory Act

- Townshend Duties

Talk of Independence

- Boston Massacre

- Effects?

- What are the problems with Paul Revere’s engraving?

- Tea Act

- Purpose?

- Boston Tea Party

- When?

- Effects?

- Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)

- First Continental Congress

- Suffolk Resolves - Paul Revere

- Battles of Lexington and Concord

- When?

- minutemen

- Why were British solders at Lexington and Concord?

- “shot heard round the world”

- Thomas Paine

- Common Sense

- The Crisis

- Olive Branch Petition

- Define republic.

- Where does the government’s power come from?

Chapter 8

Revolutionary War

-  Advantages and disadvantages of American and British armies?

-  Hessians

-  General George Washington

- Why was he an effective commander?

-  Battle of Bunker Hill

- Why did Americans and British both consider it a victory?

-  Declaration of Independence

- When?

- Main ideas?

- Thomas Jefferson

- Patriots and Loyalists

- Who were they?

- Nicknames?

- Areas of support?

- Other characteristics?

- Battles of Trenton and Princeton

- Why were they important victories for Americans?

-  Battle of Saratoga

- Why is the battle considered the turning point of the war?

- Treaty of Alliance

- What other European nations joined the Patriot cause in 1779?

-  Valley Forge

- Problems colonial soldiers faced there?

- General Benedict Arnold

-  War at sea

- John Paul Jones

- How was American navy and privateers effective against British?

- War in the South

- patriot raiders

- Swamp Fox

-  Battle of Yorktown

- When?

- Lord Cornwallis

- Why were Americans successful there?

-  Treaty of Paris

- When?

- Conditions of treaty?

Chapter 9 and Constitution

Articles of Confederation

n  What was the new western boundary after Revolution?

n  republican motherhood

n  What were the problems/weaknesses under the Articles of Confederation?

n  Why did it take so long to ratify Articles?

n  Land Ordinance of 1785

n  Northwest Ordinance of 1787

n  Problems of the economy under the Articles

- Shays’ Rebellion – causes and effects

n  Constitutional Convention

- When?

- “Father of the Constitution”?

- Virginia Plan: James Madison and Edmund Randolph

- NJ Plan: William Paterson

- Great Compromise

- Main points?

- Three-fifths Compromise

- Main points?

- federalism

- Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

- Where had support, types of people, etc.?

- Bill of Rights

- Why added to Constitution?

Constitution

n  Articles: focus on the first three and what they discuss

- Powers of each branch?

n  Bill of Rights

- What rights are protected?

n  An indirect vs. a direct democracy

n  Electoral college

n  Checks and balances – know some examples

- Various powers of each branch: declare war, create treaties, collect taxes, etc.

- Impact of the Revolution on society

- political, economic, and social effects

- changes (or lack of) for women, African Americans, etc.

Chapters 10-12

- Washington’s administration

- cabinet

- created by GW

- members of cabinet

- Major challenges for US?

- Hamilton’s economic program

- Whiskey Rebellion

- Significance of Washington’s response?

- Neutrality Proclamation

- Jay Treaty

- Main points?

- Effects?

- Hamilton vs. Jefferson – know views on:

- Bank of US

- assumption

- French Revolution

- manufacturing vs. agrarianism

- view of Constitution

- What was the deal made to get South to support assumption?

- Washington’s Farewell Address

- What did he warn against?

- Main beliefs of his foreign policy?

- Political parties

- Federalists vs. Democratic-Repulicans

- Leaders?

- Main beliefs?

- Supporters?

- Pro-French or pro-British?

- Adams administration

- Problems US had with France?

- XYZ Affair

- Convention of 1800

- Why did Adams lose Federalist support?

- Alien and Sedition Acts

- Purpose?

- KY and VA Resolutions

- Creators?

- compact theory

- nullification

- Jefferson’s administration

- election of 1800

- Who decided election? Why?

- 12th Amendment

- “revolution of 1800”

- What changes did Jefferson make to military?

- Albert Gallatin

- Marbury v. Madison

- When?

- “midnight judges”

- John Marshall

- judicial review

- Louisiana Purchase

- When?

- Problems Jefferson had with purchase?

- Lewis and Clark

- Sacajawea

- New western boundary for US?

- Embargo Act

- Purpose?

- Effects on US?

- Madison’s administration

- Causes of War of 1812?

- impressment, etc.

- Hartford Convention

- Chief Tecumseh

- Battle of New Orleans

- General Andrew Jackson

- Significance?

- When was it fought?

- Treaty of Ghent

- Major provisions?

- Effects?

- growth of nationalism, economic independence, etc.

Chapters 13 and 16

- Era of Good Feelings – why was it called that?

- death of Federalist party

- Henry Clay and American System: goals and accomplishments?

- Effects of Marshall Supreme Court

- McCulloch v. MD

- Missouri Compromise

- Henry Clay

- When created?

- What did it say?

- Where was the Missouri Compromise line?

- How did balance remain in Senate?

- Why a temporary solution?

- Election of 1824

- Why was it called a “corrupt bargain”?

- Adams-Onís Treaty

- Monroe Doctrine

- When created?

- What did it say?

- Secretary of State John Quincy Adams

- Industrial Revolution - definition

- Why did Industrial Revolution take so long to reach US?

- Why did Industrial Revolution grow in New England?

- textile industry

- Major inventors and inventions

- Samuel Slater

- Frances Cabot Lowell

- Lowell factory system

- Eli Whitney

- cotton gin

- interchangeable parts

- Samuel F.B. Morse

- Robert Fulton

- Erie Canal

- When was the canal era?

- Commonwealth v. Hunt

- How did Industrial Revolution affect families (birth rate, etc)?

- How did Industrial Revolution affect women?

- cult of domesticity

- domestic feminism

- Building of highways

- turnpikes

- “division of labor”

- What did each part of nation specialize in? Ex – South specialized in cotton, etc

- Immigration

- What 2 countries supplied most immigrants in 1840s and 1850s?

- Effects of increased immigration?

- Where did most Irish settle?

- Nativism

- Why did nativism increase?

- American (Know-Nothing) Party

- anti-Catholicism