Appendix. General Characteristics of the Included Publications. the Publications Are Presented

Appendix. General characteristics of the included publications. The publications are presented in chronological order (the most recent at the top of the table).

Authors, publication year / Sample year / Geography / Age in years / Method / Participation rate (%) / Participants (n) / Prevalence
(%) / Pain location / Comments / Duration / Assessment window / Frequency / Intensity / Taxonomy /
Hauser et al., 2015 [43] / 2013 / Germany / ≥14 / Paper questionnaire / 58 / 2,508 / 28 / General / Household sample. Interviewers were available to help with filling in the questionnaires / ≥3 months / - / Constantly or flared up frequently / - / Pain
Inoue et al., 2015 [45] / 2011 / Owariasahi, Japan / ≥20 / Paper questionnaire / 44 / 2,628 / 39 / General / Excluding toothache, migraine, menstrual pain / ≥3 months / - / Either all the time or intermittently / - / Chronic pain
Roizenblatt et al., 2015 [77] / 2007 / City of Sao Paulo, Brazil / 20-80 / Face-to-face interview / 95 / 1,042 / 27 / General / A probabilistic three-stage clustering. Household sample / - / During the last 6 months / Generally / - / Aches
Macfarlane et al., 2015 [54] / 2006 / UK / 40-69 / Touch screen questionnaire / 6 / 503,325 / 43 / General / Sampled from 22 assessment centres. Persons registered with a general practitioner within the National Health Service (UK Biobank study) / ≥3 months / In the last month / - / Interfered with usual activities / Pain
Macfarlane et al., 2015 [54] / 2002 / UK / 44 / Paper questionnaire / 65 / 9,377 / 41 / General / Persons born during one week of March 1958 (National Child Development study - NCDS) / ≥3 months / In the last month / ≥1 day / - / Aches or pains
Macfarlane et al., 2015 [54] / 2008 / Aberdeen and Macclesfield, UK / 40-69 / Paper questionnaire / 36 / 8,847 / 52 / General / MUSICIAN study / ≥3 months / In the last month / ≥1 day / - / Aches or pains
Dueñas et al., 2015 [26] / 2011 / Spain / ≥18 / Telephone interview / 37 / 1,976 / 17 / General / Recruited from households with a landline telephone. Excluded if nationality other than Spanish or incapacity to respond to the questionnaire / ≥3 months / - / At least 4 days a week / - / Pain
Dureja et al., 2014 [27] / - / India (8 cities across the country) / - / Telephone interview / Unclear / 5,004 / 13 / General / Landline and mobile telephones / ≥3 months / Within the past 6 months / Continuously or intermittently. Pain during the last week, experineced at least twic a week / ≥5 on NRS 0-10 / Pain or discomfort
Kennedy et al., 2014 [49] / 2010 / US / ≥18 / Face-to-face interview / Unclear / 6,115 / 19 / General / Recruited from households (National Health Interview Survey). Roughly 25 % of sample adults (n=6,775) were randomly selected as a subgroup for this study / ≥3 months / - / Every day or most days / - / Pain
Jackson et al., 2014 [46] / 2011 / Chongqing, China / - / Telephone interview / 33 / 1003 / 26 / General / Landline and mobile telephones (3107 calls attempted) / ≥3 months / Within the past 6 months / At least one full day / - / Pain
Nakamura et al., 2014 [62] / - / Japan / ≥20 / Internet questionnaire / 15 / 20,407 / 12 / General / Chronic pain defined as a sum score from Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and symptom severity scale (SS) / > 3 months / - / - / ≥4 on NRS 0-10 / -
Zaki & Hairi, 2014 [100] / 2006 / Malaysia / ≥60 / Face-to-face interview / 97 / 4,780 / 15 / General / Two-stage stratified random sampling / ≥3 months / In the last 6 months / Every day or most days / - / Pain
Cabral et al., 2014 [18] / 2011/2012 / São Paulo City, Brazil / ≥15 / Face-to-face interview / 60 / 826 / 42 / General / Recruited from households. Excluded if unable to participate in the interview for any reason and if considered dangerous to the interviewers / ≥3 months / - / At least one pain episode during the past 30 days / - / Pain
Olsen et al., 2013 [70] / 2007-2008 / Tromsø County, Norway / 30-87 / Paper questionnaire / 66 / 10,566 / 32 / General / - / ≥3 months / - / Persistent or constantly recurring / - / Pain
Harifi et al., 2013 [41] / 2009 / Morocco / ≥18 / Telephone interview / 56 / 5,326 / 21 / General / Recruited from households / >3 months / - / Currently, every day / - / Pain
Hairi et al., 2013 [38] / 1999 / New South Wales, Australia / ≥65 / Telephone interview / 71 / 8,881 / 22 / General / Recruited from households (living in a private dwelling). People with hearing impairment and who were deaf were excluded / ≥3 months / In the last 6 months / Every day / - / Pain
Nitter et al., 2012 [67] / 1990 / Arendal municipality, Norway / 37- 67 / Paper questionnaire / 59 / 1,338 / 57 / General (muscles, joints, back, the whole body) / Follow-up since 1990. Participation rate of triple participation / ≥3 continuous months / The last year / - / - / Pain and/or stiffness
Lapane et al., 2012 [52] / 2007/2009 / USA / - / Face-to-face interview + observations / - / 9,952 / 25 / General / Nursing home residents. Data includes two assessments.
Non-cancer pain / - / Over two assessments + observation / Persistent.Daily or less than daily / Intensified / Pain
Siu et al., 2012 [84] / - / Hong Kong, China / 11-19 / Paper questionnaire (at school) / 88 / 1,156 / 26 / General / Recruited from school classes / ≥3 months / - / - / - / Pain
Kurita et al., 2012 [50] / 2010 / Denmark / ≥16 / Paper or online questionnaire / 61 / 14,925 / 27 / General / - / ≥6 months / - / Chronic/long lasting / - / Pain
Zarei et al., 2012 [101] / 2009 / Jahrom, Iran / 20-85 / Paper questionnaire / 94 / 1,593 / 39 / General / Recruited from households / - / During the past 6 months / - / - / Pain
Ohayon & Stingl, 2012 [69] / 2007 / Germany / ≥15 / Telephone interview / 80 / 3,011 / 26 / Limited to face, back (neck, shoulders and back), superior and inferior limbs (arms, hands, legs, feet), abdomen, chest, headache/migraine / Excluded if not fluent in German, or suffering from speech or hearing impairment, or having an illness that precluded participation / ≥3 months / - / At least x3/week / - / Pain
Azevedo et al., 2012 [5] / 2007 / Portugal / ≥18 / Telephone interview / 51 / 5,094 / 37 / General / - / ≥3 months / - / - / - / Pain
de Moraes Vieira et al., 2012 [24] / 2009 / Sao Luiz, Brazil / ≥18 / Face-to-face interview / Unclear / 1,597 / 42 / - / - / ≥6 months / - / Persistent / - / Pain
Dominick et al., 2012 [25] / 2006 / New Zealand / ≥15 / Face-to-face interview / 68 / 12,488 / 17 / General (head, neck, face, jaw or joint below the ear, teeth or gums, back, chest, stomach, pelvic region, joints (fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, hips, and knees), other) / Non-institutionalised residents / Lasted or is expected to last in ≥6 months / - / Present almost every day / May vary / Pain
Lu and Javier, 2011 [53] / 2006 / Philippines / 18-85 / Face-to-face interview / Unclear / 11,000 / 14 / - / - / ≥3 months / In the last 6 months / Several times a week or more, present the last month / ≥ 4 on 10-point pain NRS / Pain
Schopflocher et al., 2011 [81] / 2007 / Canada / ≥18 / Telephone interview / 22 in 2007
19 in 2008 / 4,000 / 19 / General / Limited to pain from an illness, accident or medical condition / ≥6 months / Experienced in the last month / At least two times a week / Last experienced pain ≥ 5 on 10-point NRS / Pain
Fuss et al., 2011 [33] / 2009 / Ontario, Canada / 8-18 / Paper questionnaires / - / 1,006 / 27 / General / Participants recruited from visitors at the Ontario Science Centre / Lasted for ≥3 months / - / - / - / Pain
Landmark et al., 2011 [51] / 2006 / Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway / ≥20 / Postal questionnaire / 49 / 46,533 / 29 / General / - / Lasted for >6 months / - / Past month / ≥ moderate pain during the past month / Bodily pain
Hagen et al., 2011‡ [37] / 1995 (see comments) / Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway / ≥20 / Paper questionnaire / 39 / 39,771 / 45 and 48 (HUNT 2 and 3) / Limited to muscles and joints / 11-year follow-up. HUNT-2 in 1995-1997 and HUNT-3 in 2006-2008) / ≥3 months / During the last year / - / - / Pain and/or stiffness
Reitsma et al., 2011 [76] / 1996-2008 / Canada / ≥18 / Seven cross-sectional cycles in two population surveys (Interviews) / >78 / 10,992 / Ranged over time from 15 % in 1996/97 to 19 % in 1994/95 and 2007-2008 / General / Excluded residents of institutions, reserves and some remote areas and full-time members of the Canadian forces. / Answers NO to the question “Are you usually free of pain or discomfort?” / - / - / - / Pain or discomfort
Nakamura et al., 2011 [63] / 2010 / Japan / ≥18 / Paperquestionnaire / 60 / 11,507 / 15 / Limited to pain associated with bone, muscle, joints, or nerves / - / ≥6 months / - / Present within the past month / ≥ 5 on 10-point VAS scale / Stiffness or pain
Toblin et al., 2011 [88] / 2007 / Kansas, US / ≥18 / Telephone interviews (BRFSS) / 53 / 4,090 / 28 / General / Non-institutionalised residents / - / - / Chronic, occurs constantly or flares up frequently / - / Pain
Wong & Fielding, 2011 [98] / 2007 / Hong Kong / ≥18 / Telephone interviews / 58 / 5,001 / 35 / General / Non-institutionalised residents / >3 months / - / Currently troubled, either all the time, or on and [24]off / - / Physical pain or discomfort
Raftery et al., 2011 [75] / 1994 / Republic of Ireland / ≥18 / Paperquestionnaires / 40 / 1,204 / 36 / General / Randomly recruited from 33 general practices. Excluded if terminal illness, cancer pain, severe mental illness or severe cognitive impairment. / >3 months / - / Currently, either all the time or on and off / - / Pain or discomfort
Hoftun et al., 2011 [44] / 2006 / Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway / 13-18 / Paper questionnaires / 78 / 7,373 / 44 / General / Pain not related to any known disease or injury / ≥3 months / - / At least once a week / - / Pain
Haraldstad et al., 2011 [39] / - / Norway (Eastern region) / 8-18 / Paper questionnaire / 74 / 1,230 / 21 / Limited to head, back, abdomen, arm, leg, ear, throat, chest, tooth. (girls were also asked about menstruation pain and pain in the pelvis) / - / ≥3 months / - / - / - / Pain
Johannes et al., 2010 [48] / 2008 / US / ≥18 / Paper questionnaires (Self-administered survey via web-enabled panel of US households) / 76 / 27,036 / 34.5 / General / - / ≥6 months / - / Chronic or long lasting, recurrent / Not fleeting or minor / Pain
Currow et al., 2010 [23] / 2006 / South Australia / ≥15 / Face-to-face interviews / 66 / 2,973 / 18 / General / - / ≥3 months / During six months prior to the interview / Daily / - / Pain
Gunnarsdóttir et al., 2010 [36] / 2003 / Iceland / ≥18 / Paper questionnaires / 47 / 599 / 31 / General / - / >3 months / - / Experienced the past week / - / Pain
Ablin et al., 2010 [3] / 2008 / Sderot and Ofakim, Israel / ≥18 / Telephone interview / 52-59 / 2,030 / 29 / Limited to arms, legs, neck, back, head / - / >3 months / - / Present / - / Pain
Ohayon & Schatzberg, 2010 [68] / 2003 / California, US / ≥18 / Telephone interview / 86 / 3,243 / 49 / Limited to abdomen, shoulders, neck, back, arms, hands, legs, chest, headaches or migraine / - / ≥3 months / - / Present at the time of the interview, occurring at least 3 days/week / ≥ mild / Pain
Jakobsson, 2010 [47] / 2005 / Skåne, Sweden / ≥18 / Paper questionnaire / 46 / 826 / 46 / General / - / ≥3 months / - / - / - / Pain
Toth et al., 2009 [90] / - / Alberta, Canada / ≥18 / Telephone interview / 43 / 1,207 / 35 / General / - / ≥3 months / Currently daily or near daily / - / Pain
Sjøgren et al., 2009 ‡ [85] / - / Denmark / > 16 / Face-to-face interview/Paper questionnaire / 51 / 5,188 / 20 / General / Respondents with self-reported earlier or present cancer diagnosis excluded / ≥6 months / - / Chronic/long lasting / - / Pain
Yeo & Tay, 2009 [99] / 2006 / Singapore / 18-85 / Telephone interview / 44 / 4,141 / 9 / General / Cognitively unable to complete the questionnaire were excluded / ≥3 months / Over the last 6 months / - / - / Pain
Sá et al., 2008 [79] / - / Salvador, Brazil / ≥20 / Face-to-face interview / 92 / 2,297 / 41 / General / Pregnant women excluded / >6 months / - / Periodically / - / Pain
Tsang et al., 2008 [93] / 2001 / In 10 developed and 7 developing countries / ≥16 or ≥18 or ≥20 or ≥21 / Face-to-face interviews / Unclear / 42,249 / 38 / General (arthritis or rheumatism, chronic back or neck problems, frequent or severe headaches and other chronic pain) / Weighted probability sample / - / In the previous 12 months / - / - / Chronic pain or problems
Neville et al., 2008 [64] / - / Israel / ≥25 / Telephone interview / 92 / 3,738 / 46 / General / Recruited from a Health Service Database which includes 54% of the Israeli population. Non-Hebrew speakers were excluded. / ≥3 months / In the last 6 months / Persisting continously or intermittently / - / Pain or discomfort
Watkins et al., 2008 [97] / 2004 / Olmsted County, US / ≥30 / Paper questionnaire / 61 / 3,575 / 64 / Limited to 25 potential pain sites / Subjects that had at least 1 visit to a local health care facility in the past 3 years / >3 months / - / Any frequency at any location / - / Pain
Bouhassira et al., 2008 [12] / 2004 / France / ≥18 / Paper questionnaire / 79 / 23,712 / 32 / General / - / ≥3 months / - / Currently, daily / - / Pain
Hardt et al., 2008 [40] / 1999 / US / ≥20 / Face-to-face interview / 72 / 10,271 / 13 / Limited to 32 body regions. / Non-institutionalised residents. NHANES 1999-2002. / ≥3 months / - / Within the last month. Lasted ≥24 hours / Not fleeting or minor / Pain
Chung et al., 2007[21] / 2003 / Hong Kong / - / Telephone interview / 37 / 2126 / 35 / General / Computer assisted interview / >3 months / - / Present at the time of interview / - / Pain
Bhattarai et al., 2007 [8] / Nepal / 15-64 / Face-to-face interview / Not reported (door to door visit) / 1730 / 47 / General / - / >3 months / - / Lasting or recurring / - / Pain