OPIOIDS 2006 <621>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 17184524
Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE
Authors Neasta J. Uttenweiler-Joseph S. Chaoui K. Monsarrat B. Meunier JC. Mouledous L.
Authors Full Name Neasta, Jeremie. Uttenweiler-Joseph, Sandrine. Chaoui, Karima. Monsarrat, Bernard. Meunier, Jean-Claude. Mouledous, Lionel.
Institution
Unite Mecanismes d'action des substances opioides, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France.
Title
Effect of long-term exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to morphine: a whole cell proteomic analysis.
Source
Proteome Science. 4:23, 2006.
Journal Name
Proteome Science
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC1766345
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Opiate addiction reflects plastic changes that endurably alter synaptic transmission within relevant neuronal circuits. The biochemical mechanisms of these adaptations remain largely unknown and proteomics-based approaches could lead to a broad characterization of the molecular events underlying adaptations to chronic drug exposure. RESULTS: Thus, we have started proteomic analyses of the effects of chronic morphine exposure in a recombinant human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y clone that stably overexpresses the mu-opioid receptor. Cells were treated with morphine for 6, 24 and 72 hours, the proteins were separated by 2-D gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie blue, and the protein map was compared with that obtained from untreated cells. Spots showing a statistically significant variation were selected for identification using mass spectrometric analyses. CONCLUSION: A total of 45 proteins were identified, including proteins involved in cellular metabolism, cytoskeleton organization, vesicular trafficking, transcriptional and translational regulation, and cell signaling.
Publication Type Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Volume 4
Page 23
OPIOIDS 2006 <629>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16859549
Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE
Authors Newman RG.
Authors Full Name Newman, Robert G.
Institution
The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute of Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 555 West 57th Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10019, USA.
Title
Expansion of opiate agonist treatment: an historical perspective.
Source
Harm Reduction Journal. 3:20, 2006.
Journal Name
Harm Reduction Journal
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC1557846
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
Untreated opiate addiction remains a major health care crisis in New York and in most other urban centers in America. Optimism for closing the gap between need and demand for treatment and its availability has greeted the recent approval of a new opiate medication for addiction, buprenorphine--which unlike methadone may be prescribed by independent, office-based practitioners. The likelihood of buprenorphine fulfilling its potential is assessed in the light of the massive expansion of methadone treatment more than 30 years earlier. It is concluded that the key, indispensable ingredient of success will be true commitment on the part of Government to provide care to all those who need it.
Publication Type Editorial.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Volume 3
Page 20
OPIOIDS 2006 <631>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16542427
Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE
Authors Wood E. Lim R. Kerr T.
Authors Full Name Wood, Evan. Lim, Ronald. Kerr, Thomas.
Institution
British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St, Paul's Hospital, 608 - 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
Title
Initiation of opiate addiction in a Canadian prison: a case report.
Source
Harm Reduction Journal. 3:11, 2006.
Journal Name
Harm Reduction Journal
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC1421396
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In North America, the harms of illicit drug use have been responded to primarily through law enforcement interventions. This strategy has resulted in record populations of addicted individuals being incarcerated in both Canada and the United States. The incarceration of non-violent drug offenders has become increasingly controversial as studies demonstrate the harms, including elevated HIV risk behavior, of incarcerating injection drug users. Other harms, such as the initiation of illicit drug use by prison inmates who previously did not use drugs, have been less commonly described. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on the case of an individual who initiated non-injection opiate use in a Canadian prison and developed an addiction to the drug. Upon release into the community, the individual continued using opiates and sought treatment at a clinic. The patient feared that he might initiate injection use of opiates if his cravings could not be controlled. The patient was placed on methadone maintenance therapy. CONCLUSION: While anecdotal reports indicate that initiation in prison of the use of addictive illicit substances is frequent, documentation through clinical experience is rare, and the public health implications of this behavior have not been given sufficient attention in the literature. Strategies of incarcerating non-violent drug offenders and attempting to keep illicit drugs out of prisons have not reduced the harms and costs of illicit drug use. Effective, practical alternatives are urgently needed; expanded community diversion programs for non-violent drug offenders deserve particular attention.
Publication Type Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Volume 3
Page 11
OPIOIDS 2006 <877>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 17139840
Status MEDLINE
Authors McClung CA.
Authors Full Name McClung, Colleen A.
Institution
Department of Psychiatry and Center for Basic Neuroscience, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Title
The molecular mechanisms of morphine addiction. [Review] [85 refs]
Source
Reviews in the Neurosciences. 17(4):393-402, 2006.
Journal Name
Reviews in the Neurosciences
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
Addiction to opiates such as morphine is a major public health concern. A more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms of opiate addiction can lead to better treatment options in the future. Many of the changes in neuronal activity that occur upon morphine exposure have been known for some time, but until recently, little was known about the changes in gene expression that underlie these effects. Recent advances in molecular biology such as microarray analysis and quantitative (real time) PCR have allowed us to examine the gene expression changes that occur in response to morphine treatments and during morphine withdrawal. This review summarizes many of the known molecular and cellular actions of morphine, and some of the important gene expression changes that occur in response to morphine treatment. Many of these gene expression changes underlie the alterations in neuronal excitability, cell morphology and cell birth or death responsible for producing morphine's rewarding effects, the development of dependence, and withdrawal symptoms after treatment ends. [References: 85]
ISSN Print 0334-1763
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural. Review.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Issue/Part 4
Volume 17
Page 393-402
OPIOIDS 2006 <904>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16856116
Status MEDLINE
Authors Eisenberg E. McNicol E. Carr DB.
Authors Full Name Eisenberg, E. McNicol, E. Carr, D B.
Institution
New England Medical Center, Pharmacy and Anesthesia, Box #420, 750 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Title
Opioids for neuropathic pain. [Review] [80 refs]
Source
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3:CD006146, 2006.
Journal Name
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The use of opioids for neuropathic pain remains controversial. Studies have been small, have yielded equivocal results, and have not established the long-term risk-benefit ratio of this treatment. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of opioid agonists for the treatment of neuropathic pain. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2nd Quarter 2005), MEDLINE (1966 to June 2005), and EMBASE (1980 to 2005 Week 27) for articles in any language, and reference lists of reviews and retrieved articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: Trials were included in which opioid agonists were given to treat central or peripheral neuropathic pain of any etiology, pain was assessed using validated instruments, and adverse events were reported. Studies in which drugs other than opioid agonists were combined with opioids or opioids were administered epidurally or intrathecally were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by two independent investigators and included demographic variables, diagnoses, interventions, efficacy, and adverse effects. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-three trials met the inclusion criteria and were classified as short-term (less than 24 hours; n = 14) or intermediate-term (median = 28 days; range = eight to 70 days; n = 9). The short-term trials had contradictory results. In contrast all nine intermediate-term trials demonstrated opioid efficacy for spontaneous neuropathic pain. Meta-analysis of seven intermediate-term studies showed mean post-treatment visual analog scale scores of pain intensity after opioids to be 13 points lower on a scale from zero to 100 than after placebo (95% confidence interval -16 to -9; P < 0.00001). The most common adverse events were nausea (33% opioid versus 9% control: number needed to treat to harm (NNH) 4.2) and constipation (33% opioid versus 10% control: NNH 4.2), followed by drowsiness (29% opioid versus 12% control: NNH 6.2), dizziness (21% opioid versus 6% control: NNH 7.1), and vomiting (15% opioid versus 3% control: NNH 8.3). Where reported, 23 (11%) of 212 participants withdrew because of adverse events during opioid therapy versus nine (4%) of 202 receiving placebo. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Short-term studies provide only equivocal evidence regarding the efficacy of opioids in reducing the intensity of neuropathic pain, whereas intermediate-term studies demonstrate significant efficacy of opioids over placebo, which is likely to be clinically important. Reported adverse events of opioids are common but not life threatening. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to establish long-term efficacy, safety (including addiction potential), and effects on quality of life. [References: 80]
Publication Type Journal Article. Meta-Analysis. Review.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Volume 3
Page CD006146
OPIOIDS (A) 2006 <911>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16546223
Status MEDLINE
Authors Gray AC. Coupar IM. White PJ.
Authors Full Name Gray, Andrew C. Coupar, Ian M. White, Paul J.
Institution
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Pharmacology, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Melbourne, Australia.
Title
Comparison of opioid receptor distributions in the rat central nervous system.
Source
Life Sciences. 79(7):674-85, 2006 Jul 10.
Journal Name
Life Sciences
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
The opioid receptors, mu, delta and kappa, conduct the major pharmacological effects of opioid drugs, and exhibit intriguing functional relationships and interactions in the CNS. Previously established hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying these phenomena specify theoretical patterns of relative cellular localisation for the different receptor types. In this study, we have used double-label immunohistochemistry to compare the cellular distributions of delta and kappa receptors with those of mu receptors in the rat CNS. Regions of established significance in opioid addiction were examined. Extensive mu/delta co-localisation was observed in neuron-like cells in several regions. mu and kappa receptors were also often co-localised in neuron-like cell bodies in several regions. However, intense kappa immunoreactivity (ir) also appeared in a separate, morphologically distinct population of cells that did not express mu receptors. These small, ovoid cells were often closely apposed against the larger, mu-ir cell bodies. Such cellular appositions were seen in several regions, but were particularly common in the medial thalamus, the periaqueductal grey and brainstem regions. These findings support proposals that functional similarities, synergy and cooperativity between mu and delta receptors arise from widespread co-expression by cells and intracellular molecular interactions. Although co-expression of mu and kappa receptors was also detected, the appearance of a separate population of kappa-expressing cells supports proposals that the contrasting and functionally antagonistic properties of mu and kappa receptors are due to expression in physiologically distinct cell types. Greater understanding of opioid receptor interaction mechanisms may provide possibilities for therapeutic intervention in opioid addiction and other conditions.
ISSN Print 0024-3205
Publication Type Comparative Study. Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Date of Publication 2006 Jul 10
Year of Publication 2006
Issue/Part 7
Volume 79
Page 674-85
OPIOIDS 2006 / COMORBIDITY 2006 <932>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16309810
Status MEDLINE
Authors Gerra G. Leonardi C. D'Amore A. Strepparola G. Fagetti R. Assi C. Zaimovic A. Lucchini A.
Authors Full Name Gerra, Gilberto. Leonardi, Claudio. D'Amore, Antonio. Strepparola, Giovanni. Fagetti, Roberto. Assi, Cinzia. Zaimovic, Amir. Lucchini, Alfio.
Institution
Addiction Treatment Centre, AUSL Parma, Italy.
Title
Buprenorphine treatment outcome in dually diagnosed heroin dependent patients: A retrospective study.
Source
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 30(2):265-72, 2006 Mar.
Journal Name
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
The present study compared retrospectively in a clinical non-experimental setting the efficacy of buprenorphine (BUP) in different subgroups of dually diagnosed and non-dually diagnosed opioid-dependent patients: all the subjects included in the study showed severe long-lasting heroin addiction and 68.4% were affected by psychiatric comorbidity. Participants (206) (mean age 32.2+/-8.9, 177 males-29 females) were applicants to a long-term buprenorphine treatment program (mean doses 7.9+/-0.42 mg). Aim of the study was to evaluate dual diagnosis variables possibly influencing retention rate and abstinence from illicit drugs. The patients were divided into 5 subgroups on the basis of dual diagnosis: group 1: major depression (MD) 29.61%; group 2: generalized anxiety (GAD) (11.2%); group 3: personality disorders (PD), antisocial-borderline (21.84%); group 4: schizophrenia (SC)(6.3%); group 5: substance use disorder without overt psychiatric comorbidity (SUD) (31.1%). Group 1 patients affected by MD showed the highest retention rate at 12 months (72.1%) in comparison with the other groups of patients: group 2 GAD (39.1%), group 3 PD (17.8%), group 4 SC (7.7%) and group 5 SUD, without comorbidity (45.3%) (p=0.006, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.002). Similarly, at 12 months, the patients affected by MD showed less risk of illicit opioid use (16.4%) than those affected by GAD (34.8%), PD (42.2%), SC (53.8%) and SUD without comorbidity (34.4%) (p=0.06, p=0.003, p=0.008, p=0.017). When evaluated on the whole sample, retention rate was not influenced by dose. In contrast, the higher BUP doses were associated with less risk of illicit opioid use, than lower doses (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis and factor analysis showed a greater association of outcome measures (retention rate and negative urines rate) with comorbid diagnosis (depression) (respectively 0.64) than with buprenorphine doses (respectively 0.54). Our data need to be interpreted with caution because of the retrospective methodology applied to a clinical non-experimental setting. BUP seems to be more effective in opioid-dependent patients affected by depression, probably due to the kappa opioid-receptors antagonist action, counteracting dysphoria, negativism and anxiety. High doses of BUP appear to predict a better outcome, in terms of negative urines, but not in terms of retention.