Foot and mouth disease

Activities in 2009

Foot and mouth disease

Prof. V.M. Zakharov, PhD, DVM

FGI «Federal Centre for Animal Health» (FGI «ARRIAH»)
600901 microrayon Yur’evets, Vladimir, Vladimirskaya Oblast, Russia
Tel./Fax: (4922) 26.38.77, (4922) 26.06.14, (4922) 26.19.14
E-mail:

Summary of general activities related to the disease

1.Test(s) in use/or available for the specified disease at your laboratory

Test / For detection of / Specificity / Total
ELISA / Antibody / Strain / 11,408samples
34,224 tests
ELISA / Antigen / Strain / 26samples
CFT / Antigen / Type / 24samples
SN50 / Antibody / Type / 464samples
NSP / Antibody / 3АВ; 3АBC / 5,814samples
PCR / Genome / 5’-UTR, 3D, VP1 / 90 samples
Sequencing / Nucleotide sequence / VP1 / 68samples from the FGI
“ARRIAH” strain collection
Cell culture / Virus isolation / 25 samples
Matching VNT / Vaccine strain selection / 77 tests

1b)Virus isolation is conducted using cell cultures:

Porcine kidney (primary); IB-RS-2; PSGK-30 (continuous porcine kidney);

As well as susceptible and laboratory animals:cattle; guinea-pigs.

The total number of tested samples is 12:

From Lebanon – 1 sample from cattle, from the RF: Krasnodarsky Krai – 6 samples from wild boars, Republic of Tyva – 2 samples (from a maral and a wild boar), Khabarovsky Krai – 3 samples from Siberian stags;positive – 1 sample (Lebanon) – A/Lebanon/09

2.Production and distribution of diagnostic reagents

Kits for detection of FMDV antibody in sera from farm animals using ELISA – 402 (Armenia, Republic of Kazakhstan, Taiwan, regions of the RF, including the number of kits used in the laboratory);

Kits for detection of FMDV antigen in samples using ELISA – 239 (Republic of Uzbekistan, Republic of Kyrgyzstan), regions of the RF, including the number of kits used in the laboratory);

Diagnostic reagents for FMDV typing using CFT:

-Antigens – 70 ml;

-Sera – 292 ml (Republic of Kyrgyzstan, regions of the RF, including the number of samples tested in the laboratory).

Activities specifically related to the mandate
of OIE Reference Laboratories

3.International harmonisation and standardisation of methods for diagnostic testing or the production and testing of vaccines

Participation in the training for interlaboratory comparative testing within the OIE/FAO Reference Laboratory Network for the detection of antigen matching between the vaccine strain and epidemic isolates by microneutralization test and ELISA (November, 2009). Vaccine Matching Ring Trial in VNT and ELISA.

Participation in joint virological and serological tests within proficiency testing for FMD and SVD diagnosis (November 2009). 2009 FMD/SVD Proficiency Test Ring Trial.

Monitoring in regions within the RF buffer zone situated along southern borders; 11,022 animal serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to three FMD virus types: A, O, Asia-1 – livestock is immune.

Testing of serum samples from animals repeatedly immunized with vaccines produced by OAO “Pokrov Biological Plant” and FGUP “Schelkovsky Biofactory” for the presence of antibodies to FMDV non-structural proteins (5,136 samples) – antibodies to FMDV non-structural proteins were not detected.

SVANODIP FMDV-Ag rapid test was tested in ARRIAH and recommended for primary (in field) FMD diagnostics in Russia as rather sensitive and specific assay. (Regional veterinary specialists were (have been) trained to use the rapid test during professional courses).

4.Preparation and supply of international reference standards for diagnostic tests or vaccines

1,424 thousand doses of FMD vaccine (A, O, Asia-1) produced by the FGI “ARRIAH” were delivered in the buffer zone of CIS-countries in 2009 at the financial support of OIE/FAO including 866.8 thousand doses for Azerbaijan, 282.2 thousand doses for Armenia and 275 thousand doses for Georgia.FMD vaccines were also supplied to Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Vietnam and Taiwan.

5.Research and development of new procedures for diagnosis and control

Conventional SVDV RT-PCR was replaced in 2009 by real-time RT-PCR. Indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies to SVD virus in swine sera was developed. Blocking ELISA for the detection of type O FMD virus antigen and SVD virus antigen based on polyclonal rabbit sera was developed.

6.Collection, analysis and dissemination of epizootiological data relevant to international disease control

Characteristics of FMD virus strain of type A/Lebanon/09 were studied. Antigen characteristics of the field isolate A/Lebanon/09 were determined by microneutralization test as compared with type A FMD virus (r1) strains using sera from vaccinated cattle. The field strain was antigenically related to A Turkey/06 and A22 Iraq 24/64 strains (r1=0.4 and 0.38, respectively) and antigenically distinct from A22 No.550 and A Iran/97 strains (r1=0.2 and 0.06, respectively). Phylogenetically the FMDV strain of type A/Lebanon/09 belongs to the genetic lineage A/Iran/05.

Antigenic matching between FMDV strains of type O Middle East (PanAsia2) and the vaccine strain O1 Manisa was determined by microneutralization test using sera from cattle immunized with different vaccine batches (ALTANDI-3 trials). Mean r1 values were 0.2 and 0.5 for different vaccine batches.

7.Provision of consultant expertise to OIE or to OIE Members

Study of FMD epidemic situation in the Republic of Columbia (15–28 November 2009)

Study of FMD epidemic situation in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan (22 – 29 November 2009).

8.Provision of scientific and technical training to personnel from other OIE Members

Advanced training of specialists from Poland and Cote d’Ivoire in “FMD epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control under current conditions” (9 – 20 November 2009).

Scientific and practical workshop devoted to current FMD and AI prevention and eradication problems in the RF and Taiwan was held with the participation of 9 Taiwan specialists (7 – 9 December 2009).

9.Provision of diagnostic testing facilities to other OIE Members

Testing of bovine pathological material from Lebanon by ELISA, CFT, PCR, virus isolation in cell cultures, PCR and nucleotide sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis of VP1 gene.

Testing of bovine sera from the Republic of Abkhazia for the presence of antibodies to FMD virus of types A, O, Asia-1 and antibody to FMDV NSP (386 samples), from the Republic of Tajikistan for the presence of antibodies to FMDV NSP (292 samples).

10.Organisation of international scientific meetings on behalf of OIE or other international bodies

–

11.Participation in international scientific collaborative studies

Investigations (10 trials) aimed at deriving a correlation between serological methods for quality evaluation of FMD vaccines of type O1 Manisa (ELISA and microneutralization test) and challenge of cattle with homologous virus were conducted jointly with the Research Group of the FAO European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease and the Veterinary and Argotechnical Research Centre (Brussels, Belgium) within the ALTANDI-3 Agreement. The obtained results are processed and analyzed.

Participation in the 5th Round Table for the surveillance and control of FMD in the Middle East (Beirut, Lebanon, 7–8 April, 2009).

Participation in the 1-st Annual progress meeting West Eurasia FMD control – Roadmap 2020: Regional meeting to review progress along the regional roadmap (Istanbul, Turkey, 7–9 October 2009).

Participation in the OIE/FAO Reference Laboratories Network Meeting 23–27 November2009, New Delhi

12.Publication and dissemination of information relevant to the work of OIE (including list of scientific publications, internet publishing activities, presentations at international conferences)

J.-F. Valarcher, 1 N.J. Knowles, V. Z., A. Scherbakov, Z Zhang, Y.-J. Shang, Z.-X. Liu, X.-T. Liu, A. Sanyal, Divakar Hemadri, C. Tosh, T. J. Rasool, B. Pattnaik, K. R. Schumann, T. R. Beckham, W. Linchongsubongkoch, N. P. Ferris, P. L. Roeder, D. J. Paton. Multiple Origins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype Asia 1 Outbreaks, 2003–2007 // Emerg. Infect. Dis., 2009 - Vol. 15.- N. 7.- P. 1046-1051

V.V. Borisov, S.R Kremenchugskaya, A.M. Rakhmanov. FMDprevention in Russia // 3rd Annual Meeting EPIZONE "Crossing borders". Program and Abstracts. - Antalya, Turkey, 2009. - P.125.

V.V. Borisov, A.V. Scherbakov, A.M. Rakhmanov, S.R. Kremenchugskaya, Y.V. Belik. Foot and mouthdiseaseprevention strategy in the Russian Federation // OIE/FAO Global Conf. FMD support EC. - Paraguay, 2009. - P.68.

V.V. Borisov, A.M. Rakhmanov, Ye.V. Belik [et al]. Results of FMD monitoring in Russia in 2008 / Proceedings of the Federal Centre for Animal Health. - Vladimir, 2009.-V. 7.- P.3-14.

V.V. Borisov, A.M. Rakhmanov, S.R. Kremenchugskaya [et al]. FMD epidemic situation worldwide and preventive measures in Russia// “Monitoring, forecast and prevention of animal infectious diseases using up to-date methods of epidemiology, molecular biology and biotechnology” / The 92nd issue interdepartmental subject scientific digest ”Vet. Medicine”: - Kharkiv, 2009. - P. 68-72.

V.V. Borisov, A.M. Rakhmanov. FMD in animals prevention using vaccines in Russia. Scientific basis for the production of veterinary biopreparations. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference Devoted to the 40-th Anniversary of VNIITIBP. Schelkovo, 2009 - P. 165-171.

A.I. Dudnikov. Pathogenic basis for the development of new preparations and methods for protection against FMD / The 92nd issue interdepartmental subject scientific digest ”Vet. Medicine”: - Kharkiv, 2009. - P. 173-175.

T.N. Lyozova, N.D. Klyukina, D.V. Mikhalishin, V.V. Borisov. Elution of adsorbed FMD virus using polyacrilic acid соpolymers/ Proceedings of the Federal Centre for Animal Health. - Vladimir, 2009.-V. 7.- P. 14-20.

A.I. Dudnikov, V.V. Mikhalishin. General requirements for quality and production FMD vaccines / Proceedings of the Federal Centre for Animal Health. - Vladimir, 2009.-V. 7.- P. 35-43.

V.A. Starikov, V.V. Mikhalishin, T.N. Lyozova [et al]. Study of immunogenic activity of Asia-1 FMD vaccines / Proceedings of the Federal Centre for Animal Health. - Vladimir, 2009.-V. 7. - P. 29-34.

N.D. Klyukina, T.N. Lyozova, D.V. Mikhalishin [et al]. FMD virus concentration using “adsorption-elution” method for FMD vaccine production / Proceedings of the Federal Centre for Animal Health. - Vladimir, 2009.-V. 7. - P. 20-28.

N.N. Lugovskaya, Ye.N. Kharitonova, S.R Kremenchugskaya, V.V. Borisov. Assessment and use of indirect ELISA for seromonitoring of swine vesicular disease / Proceedings of the Federal Centre for Animal Health. - Vladimir, 2009. - V. 7. - P. 101-114.

V.M. Gulenkin, F.I. Korennoy, K.P. Nikolaeva, S.A. Dudnikov. Application of geographical information systems in epizootology of foot and mouth disease //Russian Vet. J. – Productive animals. - 2009. - № 2. - P. 2-3.

Presentations at international conferences and meetings

Participation in OIE/FAO Global Conference on FMD (Paraguay, 24-26 June 2009);

Participation in Executive Committee Meeting (Istanbul, Turkey, 6-7 October 2009);

Two presentations at the OIE/FAO Reference Laboratories Network Meeting 23-27 November 2009, New Delhi

Other activities

Lectures on “FMD in animals: epidemic situation, diagnosis, prevention and control under current conditions” were given at workshops for heads and specialists of the State Veterinary Service of the RF (86 veterinary specialists) organized by order of the Rosselkhoznadzor in Sochi (June and September 2009);

A set of lectures on “FMD in animals: epidemic situation, clinical and pathological signs, diagnosis, prevention and control under current conditions” was given at advanced training courses for veterinary specialists of the State Veterinary Service (veterinary specialists from 56 regions of the RF) organized at the FGI “Centre of Veterinary Medicine” of the RF Ministry of Agriculture (Moscow, April, September, October, December 2009);

A report on “FMD in animals prevention and control in the RF” was made at the All-Russian Meeting of Heads of the State Veterinary authorities” (Moscow, 07.10.09)

Workshops on “Epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control of FMD, pox and bluetongue under current conditions” were arranged for veterinary specialists from 8 subjects of the RF (Vladimir, FGI “ARRIAH”, April, November 2009)

“Methodical recommendations for control of FMD in farm animals” were worked out by order of the RF Ministry of Agriculture and approved at the meeting of the Scientific Council of the FGI “ARRIAH”, and forwarded to the RF Ministry of Agriculture on 28.10.2009

13.Inscription of diagnostic kits on the OIE Register

i)Did you participate in expert panels for the validation of candidate kits forinscription on the OIE Register? If yes, for which kits?

None

ii)Did you submit to the OIE candidate kits for inscriptionon the OIE Register? If yes, for which kits?

None

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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 20091