The Nervous System
Functions of the Nervous System
§ ______input—______information
§ To monitor ______occurring inside______and ______the body
§ Changes = ______
§ ______
§ To ______and ______sensory input and decide if ______is needed
§ ______output
§ A ______to integrated ______
§ The response ______muscles or ______
Structural Classification of the Nervous System
§ ______(CNS)
§ ______
§ ______cord
§ ______(PNS)
§ Nerves ______the brain and spinal cord
§ ______nerves
§ ______nerves
Functional Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System
§ Sensory (______) division
§ Nerve ______that carry information to the ______nervous system
§ Motor (______) division
§ Nerve ______that ______impulses ______from the ______nervous system
§ Two subdivisions
§ ______nervous system = ______
§ ______nervous system = ______
Nervous Tissue: Support Cells
§ ______cells in the _____ are grouped together as “______”
§ Function: to ______, ______, and ______neurons
§ ______
§ Abundant, ______-shaped cells
§ ______neurons
§ Form ______between ______and ______
§ Control the ______environment of the ______
§ ______
§ Spiderlike ______
§ ______of ______
§ ______cells
§ ______cavities of the ______and ______cord
§ Circulate ______fluid
§ ______
§ ______around ______fibers in the ______nervous system
§ Produce ______sheaths
§ ______cells
§ ______neuron cell ______
§ ______cells
§ Form ______sheath in the ______nervous system
Nervous Tissue: Neurons
§ ______= nerve cells
§ Cells ______to transmit ______
§ Major ______of neurons
§ Cell ______—______and ______center of the cell
§ ______—______that ______from the cell ______
§ Cell ______
§ ______substance
§ Specialized ______reticulum
§ ______
§ Intermediate ______
§ Maintains cell ______
§ Cell body
§ ______
§ Large ______
§ Processes ______the cell body
§ ______—conduct ______the cell body
§ ______—conduct ______from the cell body
§ ______end in axonal ______
§ Axonal ______contain ______with ______
§ Axonal terminals are ______from the next ______by a ______
§ Synaptic ______—gap ______adjacent neurons
§ ______—junction ______nerves
§ Myelin ______—whitish, ______material ______axons
§ ______cells—______myelin ______in jelly roll–like fashion
§ ______of ______—______in myelin sheath ______the axon
Functional Classification of Neurons
§ ______(afferent) neurons
§ Carry ______from the sensory receptors to the ______
§ ______(efferent) neurons
§ Carry ______from the ______nervous system to ______, ______, or ______
§ ______(association neurons)
§ Found in ______pathways in the ______nervous system
§ Connect ______and ______neurons
Neuron Classification
Functional Properties of Neurons
§ ______
§ Ability to ______to stimuli
§ ______
§ Ability to ______an impulse
Nerve Impulses
§ ______neuron
§ The plasma membrane at ______is ______
§ ______positive ions are ______the cell than ______the cell
§ ______
§ A stimulus ______the neuron’s ______
§ A ______membrane allows ______(Na+) to flow ______the membrane
§ The ______of ions initiates an ______potential in the neuron
§ ______
§ If the action potential (nerve impulse) ______, it is propagated over the ______axon
§ ______travel ______when fibers have a ______
§ ______
§ ______ions ______out of the neuron after ______ions rush ____, which ______the membrane
§ The ______-______pump, using ______, restores the original configuration
Nerve Impulses
Transmission of a Signal at Synapses
§ ______are ______to cross the ______to another nerve
§ ______is released from a nerve’s ______
§ The ______of the next neuron has ______that are stimulated by the ______
§ An ______is started in the ______
The Reflex Arc
§ ______—______, predictable, and ______response to a ______
§ Occurs over pathways called ______arcs
§ Reflex arc—______route from a ______neuron, to an ______, to an ______
Simple Reflex Arc
Types of Reflexes and Regulation
§ ______reflexes
§ ______of ______muscles
§ Example: When you ______your ______away from a ______stove
Types of Reflexes and Regulation
§ ______reflexes
§ ______muscle ______
§ ______and ______pressure ______
§ Regulation of ______
§ ______system regulation
Types of Reflexes and Regulation
§ ______, or ______-jerk, reflex is an example of a ______-neuron reflex arc
Central Nervous System (CNS)
§ ______develops from the ______neural ______
§ The neural tube becomes the ______and ______cord
§ The ______of the neural tube becomes the ______
§ ______chambers within the brain
§ Filled with ______fluid
Regions of the Brain
§ ______hemispheres (cerebrum)
§ ______
§ ______stem
§ ______
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum
§ Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum)
§ ______(left and right) ______parts of the brain
§ Includes more than ______of the brain ______
§ The surface is made of ______(gyri) and ______(sulci)
§ ______of the cerebrum
§ ______(deep grooves) divide the ______into ______
§ Surface lobes of the cerebrum
§ ______lobe
§ ______lobe
§ ______lobe
§ ______lobe
§ Specialized areas of the cerebrum
§ Primary ______sensory area
§ ______impulses from the body’s ______receptors
§ Located in ______lobe
§ Primary ______area
§ Sends ______to ______muscles
§ Located in ______lobe
§ ______’s area
§ Involved in our ability to ______
§ Cerebral areas involved in special senses
§ ______area (______)
§ ______area
§ ______area
§ ______area
§ ______areas of the cerebrum
§ ______/______region
§ Language ______region
§ General ______area
§ Layers of the cerebrum
§ ______matter—outer layer in the cerebral cortex composed mostly of neuron cell bodies
§ ______matter—fiber ______deep to the gray matter
§ ______hemispheres
§ ______nuclei—islands of ______matter buried within the ______matter
Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon
§ Sits on ______of the ______stem
§ ______by the cerebral hemispheres
§ Made of ______parts
§ ______
§ ______
§ ______
§ ______
§ ______the ______ventricle
§ The relay ______for sensory impulses
§ Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for ______and ______
§ ______
§ ______the thalamus
§ Important ______nervous system center
§ Helps ______body temperature
§ Controls ______balance
§ Regulates ______
§ An important part of the ______system (______)
§ The ______gland is attached to the ______
§ ______
§ Forms the roof of the third ventricle
§ Houses the ______body (an ______gland)
§ Includes the ______plexus—forms ______fluid
Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem
§ Attaches to the ______cord
§ Parts of the brain stem
§ ______
§ ______