RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1 / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS / Mr. PRAVEEN. T. P1st YEAR MSc. NURSING STUDENT,
N.D.R.K. COLLEGE OF NURSING
B.M. ROAD HASSAN, KARNATAKA.
2 / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / N.D.R.K. COLLEGE OF NURSING, B.M. ROAD, HASSAN, KARNATAKA.
3 / COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT / MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
(COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING)
4 / DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE COURSE / 15/06/2010
5 / TITLE OF THE TOPIC / “EFFECTIVENESS OF STP ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING JUNK FOODS AND ITS HAZARDS AMONG THE PU STUDENTS OF SELECTED COLLEGES AT RURAL AND URBAN AREAS AT HASSAN, KARNATAKA.”
5.1 / STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM / “A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STP ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING JUNK FOODS AND ITS HAZARDS AMONG THE PU STUDENTS OF SELECTED COLLEGES AT RURAL AND URBAN AREAS AT HASSAN, KARNATAKA.”
6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
6.1 INTRODUCTION
The swelling ranks of diabetics can consider themselves victims of the Food Giants.
BEATING THE FOOD GIANTS by Paul A. Stitt1
Habits starts young, and it is up to the environment (home and school primarily) to cultivate healthy habits in children, the school being the next-best ‘home of learning and nurturing’. With the rise in the incidence of obesity and overweight amongst youngsters and adults; the dark -side of ‘junk-food’ cannot be overlooked. The statistics of America records sixty million deaths every year due to obesity or overweight, which quietly and surely boils down to poor lifestyle and eating habits.2
According to Wikipedia, junk food is a term describing food that is perceived to be unhealthy or having poor nutritional value, according to Food Standards Agency. The term is believed to have been coined by Michael Jacobson, director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, in 1972. The term has since become common usage. Junk Food includes those food items that do not add any value to a person’s diet. Here, value denotes essential nutrients, vitamins & minerals. Street food and fast food are also taken in the same context as junk. 3
The phrase "junk food" itself speaks of endangerment to health. Junk foods are deemed to be trash foods as they are high in fat and sugar components regardless of how they are labeled by manufacturers. The apparent effect of junk food on health administers when there is excess in intake. Teenagers comprise the higher bulk of junk food fanatics and they seem to be unhealthy with such a lifestyle of munching in chips, fries, crackers and other snack foods in front of the television. Majority of junk food choices do not deliver beneficial nutritional values, but you could actually integrate a few junk foods in your diet with an assurance that it is of moderate amount. 4
Healthy nutritious foods have been replaced by the new food mantra - JUNK FOOD! Junk food comprises of anything that is quick, tasty, convenient and fashionable. It seems to have engulfed every age; every race and the newest entrants are children. Wafers, colas, pizzas and burgers are suddenly the most important thing. The commonest scenario is a child who returns from school and plonks himself in front of the television, faithfully accompanied by a bowl of wafers and a can of cola. Children suddenly seem to have stepped into a world of fast foods and vending machines, totally unaware of the havoc they are creating for themselves. For children who have less vision of the heart disease, cancer, high blood pressure or diabetes that might befall them decades later, the tentacles of a junk food environment are virtually inescapable. Studies reveal that as early as the age of 30, arteries could beginning clogging and lay the groundwork for future heart attacks. What children eat from puberty affects their risks of prostate and breast cancer. Osteoporosis and hypertension are other diseases that appear to have their earliest roots in childhood when lifelong eating habits are being formed. Children are especially vulnerable. Poor diets can slow growth, decay new teeth, promote obesity and sow the seeds of infirmity and debilitating disease that ultimately lead to incurable disease and death or worse make life insufferable. 5
A study of the eating habits of American teenagers found a link between the length of time young people spent in front of the television and the quality of what they ate in later life. Teenagers who watch more than five hours of television a day eat more junk food in adult life than those who view less. Researchers chose just under 2,000 pupils at middle schools and high schools in America and surveyed how many hours of television they watched per day. They returned five years later, when the younger volunteers were in their late teens and the older ones were in their early 20s, and analyzed their diets. The scientists found that those who had been watching most television five years before had significantly higher intakes of fried food, sugary drinks and snacks but much lower consumption of vegetables, fruit and fibre. Average, young adults who watched more than five hours a day of television as teenagers had a 10 per cent higher calorie intake than those who had spent less than two hours a day in front of the box. Their average fast food intake was 15 per cent higher and their consumption of sugary drinks was 17 per cent higher than those who watched least television as teenagers, the study published in the International Journal of Behavioral (corr) Nutrition and Physical Activity, shows. 6
The rich and the middle class are spending more on unhealthy food, according to the quick estimates of the national consumption expenditure 2007-08. The study measures the amount of money that consumers spend on food. This has led to increase in incidence of lifestyle-related diseases. The report was released by the Central Statistical Organization, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, on January 30. The report was compiled using data obtained from sales tax records in the country between 2000 and 2008. The results showed that expenditure on beverages, paan and intoxicants almost doubled from 1.6 per cent to 3.1 per cent. The money spent in restaurants increased from 1.9 to 2.6 per cent. Expenditure on healthy food like cereals and pulses reduced from 11.7 to 9.6 per cent and consumption of fruits and vegetables slumped from 9.5 to 7.7 per cent. “The repercussions of such unhealthy lifestyles are obesity, diabetes and heart diseases,” said S K Wangnoo, senior consultant in Endocrinology at the Apollo Hospital, Delhi. He pointed out India, with over 45 million diabetics, is already the diabetes capital of the world. The expenditure estimates said money spent on healthcare rose from 4.7 per cent to 5.7 per cent. Sedentary lifestyle and easy access to unhealthy food items are some of the reasons cited for the rise in incidence of lifestyle related diseases. The World Bank has said that by 2015, coronary heart disease would become the leading cause of premature deaths in India.7
6.2. NEED FOR THE STUDY
Recent study from Oxford University tells us that in the U.K. 80 percent of men and almost 70 percent of women will be overweight or obese by 2020. Since many weight problems can be traced to eating large amounts of junk and processed foods. Study just found that a diet with unlimited junk food desensitizes the pleasure centers of the brain. As a consequence, more and more junk foods were required to feel the same level of pleasure. 8
The junk factor of pizza comes from the cheese sprinkled over the vegetables. Even though cheese is good for health, an excess of it is not recommended. And of course, the pizza base, made out of refined flour, does contain empty calories. Now, the burger, which is a favorite of a majority of junkies, contains a loaf of meat & vegetables like lettuce, cabbage & tomato, sandwiched between two buns. Although meat is known to be rich in protein, what makes the burger junk is the refined flour that’s used to make the buns, and the oodles of mayonnaise & butter added to the filling so that the 3 layers stick to one another, even while eating. Coming to Indian junk food, locally called ‘chaat’, these mostly include the very famous samosas, kachoris, panipuris/golgappas and patties. These are fried items with various fillings within an outer layer made of refined flour. In India, even Chinese food sold in road-side stalls is junk food because they contain high amount of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), which is a flavor enhancer. MSG is recognized as a health hazard if taken in larger quantities.2
The study involved 1,600 Australians aged about 14, who are a part of the Raine Cohort Study being undertaken in the country. Lead researcher Dr. Wendy Oddy said that teenagers who ate more junk food, red meat, confectionary, soft drinks, white bread and unrefined cereals had emotional and behavior problems.9
A new study just found that a diet with unlimited junk food desensitizes the pleasure centers of the brain. As a consequence, more and more junk foods were required to feel the same level of pleasure. Junk foods deteriorate the brain because they actually deteriorate the entire body. In fact, processed foods, particularly junk foods, are at the root of a great deal of aging and disease. In addition, they overwork the liver and cause an accumulation of chemicals in the body because junk and processed foods are often full of unnatural chemicals. Eating them also deprives our bodies of the whole foods from nature that we're meant to be eating. And these researchers found that this was enough to desensitize us to pleasure by deteriorating the brain.8
Another recent study from Oxford University tells us that in the U.K. 80 percent of men and almost 70 percent of women will be overweight or obese by 2020. Since many weight problems can be traced to eating large amounts of junk and processed foods, that's a whole lot of pleasure desensitization and brain deterioration going on - and it might add up to a whole bunch of depressed people. At least now more people will better understand one of the primary causes of feeling blue and unsatisfied in their lives - and can change their behavior accordingly. 10
Results of the United Kingdom's National Diet and Nutrition Survey shows Teenage girls eat substantially worse than teenage boys and older women. The average teenage girl consumed 54 grams of French fries or other fried potatoes per day, in comparison with only 40 grams per day among women between the ages of 19 and 65. Teenage girls consumed 14 grams of potato chips and other salty snacks each day, 22 grams of chocolate and candy, and 37 grams of cakes and cookies. In contrast, adult women consumed only 6 grams, 10 grams and 27 grams of these foods per day, respectively. Teenage girls were getting an average of 13.1 percent of their daily calories from saturated fat, higher than both the percentage in boys (12.7 percent) and the recommended daily maximum (11 percent). When it came to sugar consumption, girls performed marginally better than boys but were still above the daily maximum, acquiring 15 percent of their daily calories from sugar. Boys were getting 16.3 percent of their daily calories from sugar, in comparison with the recommended maximum of 11 percent.11
A study conducted on Delhi’s school going children showed 18 per cent of the children were overweight. The study was carried out by Anoop Mishra from the Fortis Hospital in Delhi and published in the journal Nutrition in 2004. The study estimated that 15-20 per cent of urban schoolchildren in India are at risk of developingtype-2diabetes. 12
Listed below is some important health complications caused due to sumptuous consumption of junk food. Lack of energy, Poor Concentration, Heart Diseases, Liver Failure, and Diabetes: Junk foods also cause damage to the pancreas resulting in insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
Here’s a look on why you need to cut down on junk food eating:
· Junk food is made using a lot of saturated fats. Such fats are unhealthy and on digestion can release a lot of toxins into your body. You body gets food but not healthy food.
· Junk food is sometime made using ingredients that are not very clean. This can in the long run spoil your stomach, liver and intestines.
· Junk food does not contain vitamins and minerals and much of the nutrients seen in properly cooked food and in raw food. The body is not getting the necessary vitamins and minerals necessary to have good health and immunity from diseases. Consequently, it makes the person having such food very prone to illnesses.
· Junk food makes you put on weight. People who have obesity or morbid obesity are those who have a preference for junk food and snacking.
· Eating junk food can make you prone to diabetes, because it contain too much of sugar. You can also become susceptible to heart disease and blood pressure because of the salt and high fats found in this kind of food.
· Packed junk food contains preservatives and coloring, both of which contain carcinogenic substances.
· In the long run, junk food actually fastens the effects of aging. People show signs of old age faster because of continuously eating junk food. This is because continuous eating of junk food exposes the body to long periods of bad nutrition. The result is release of free radicals which are the chief factors responsible for aging effect.
· At many fast-food restaurants, a single meal gives a disproportionate share—sometimes more than 100 percent—of the recommended daily intake of fat, cholesterol, salt, and sugar.