CORNELL NOTES

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Main Ideas

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NOTES

EUROPEAN COLONIAL EMPIRES
New Spain / Spanish Conquistadors like Cortes and Pizzarro
  • Used horses and superior weapons to conquer the Aztecs of Mexico and Incas of Peru
  • Murdered the ruling classes and destroyed temples
  • New Spain was ruled by viceroys
  • They would send 1/5 of all Gold and Silver went to the King
  • Encomiendas
  • Large area of land Spaniards took for own
  • Used for mining ranching and farming
  • The encomienda system was an idea to help and care for the Native Americans
  • It quickly became highly abusive and destructive

New France /
  • Envious of New Spain’s power
  • Sent explores of own
  • Establish along Canada, St Lawrence river, great lakes and the Mississippi River
  • Small towns and outposts
  • Main profits came form trading beaver fur

New Netherland /
  • Henry Hudson- English Sea captain hired by dutch merchants to look for a NW passage to Asia
  • He landed in NY harbor and the dutch claimed control of this area
  • At first new colony was set up and run by Dutch West India Company the intent of company was to make a profit for investors
  • Practiced Religious Toleration
  • Dutch west India Company introduced enslaved people from Africa and West Indies

13 ENGLISH COLONIES
1ST ENGLISH COLONIES
Roanoke
  • Sir Walter Raleigh convinced Queen Elizabeth to found a colony
  • 1st English colony in NEW WORLD
  • Founded in 1585
  • Lasted only 10 months
  • Colony disappeared without a trace

Jamestown
  • 1st permanent English Colony
  • Est in 1607 by Virginia Company to make a profit
  • Hope for gold and silver
  • Land was swamp plaqued by mosquitos and malaria
  • Colony was all men
  • ½ were laborers
  • ½ were Gentlemen who did not care to work
  • Colony quickly used up all supplies many died
  • Captain John Smith the colony leader
  • Returned to England in 1609
  • Colony endured a 2nd winter in of starvation and death in 1609
  • Known as “Starving Time”
  • 60 of original 214 settlers survived
  • Despite initial setbacks Jamestown became profitable
  • By growing Tobacco &selling tobacco in Europe
  • By 1619 Jamestown was exporting TONS of Tobaccos
  • This created a labor shortage
  • So the early settlers attempted to enslave native Americans this was not successful
  • 1st enslaved people started to arrive from Arica
  • as success of Tobacco planting spread using African slaves would become foundation of Southern agrarian economy
  • 1st women started to arrive
  • Later the colonial settlement would spread to other parts of Virginia
  • Williamsburg became the capital of the colony
  • Virginia would grow to be one of the wealthiest colonies

Pilgrims & Puritans / Pilgrims
  • 2nd English colony
  • Est 4 religious reasons
  • Unhappy w/policies of Church of England
  • Attempting to escape persecution fled to Americas
  • Landed in Plymouth(present day Massachusetts) in 1620
  • Committed to lives based on the Bible
  • Pledge themselves to self-government by signing the MAYFLOWER COMPACT

Puritans
  • Landed in Massachusetts Bay
  • Also came to practice their own religious beliefs w/o persecution
  • They wanted to purify the church
  • Planned est a more virtuous society
  • Based on what they believed Gods will was

Pilgrims and Puritans Colonies eventually merged to become the colony of Massachusetts
Rhode Island
  • Puritans didn’t permit other to practice their religions freely in MASS
  • Roger Williams left Mass to start his own colony
  • It was based on Religious Toleration
  • Anne Hutchison joined the Rhode island colony
  • After being banished from Mass for acts the Puritans saw as against GOD

Connecticut and New Hampshire
  • Formed by Mass Settlers
  • Connecticut
  • Est by Thomas Hooker
  • Est self government in the FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT
  • FOC provided bases for future governing in the colony

New York
  • Est as a Netherland Colony
  • England at War with Holland
  • Sent ships into the Harbor of New Amsterdam
  • Dutch settlers refused to fight
  • Governor Peter Stuyvesant surrendered the colony
  • Renamed New York

Pennsylvania
  • William Penn
  • Est for Quakers
  • A group of protestants opposed to war
  • Penn gave Pennsylvania a written constitution
  • Limited the Government
  • Provided a humane penal code
  • Guaranteed many fundamental liberties

Maryland
  • Lord Baltimore started
  • A haven for Catholics

Delaware and New Jersey
  • Taken from the dutch in 1664
  • Later would become separate colonies

North and South Carolina
  • Est for economic reasons
  • King gave the land to 8 nobles
  • Hope to attract settlers from Virginia
  • Could grow tobacco
  • Eventually N & S Carolina would be split
  • N Carolina became a Royal Colony
  • Responsible for naval store(tar pitch & turpentine from pine trees)
  • S Carolina became a colony of large plantations
  • Charleston became a major port
  • Shipping rice and indigo
  • Receiving slaves

Georgia
  • Est for social reasons by James Oglethorpe
  • A place for imprisoned debtors
  • Convict sent from England

SUMMARY: Write 4 or more sentences describing specific learning from these notes.
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