12.IRELAND
INTRODUCTIONS + GEOGRAPHY
-Ireland also known as the EMERALD ISLE
-Typical for Ireland is SHAMROCK
-is politically divided into NORTHERN IRELAND and THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
-The Republic of Ireland consists of
-
MUNSTER
CONNAUGHT
LIENSTER
ULSTER
THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
-The capital city is DUBLIN, which means DARK POOL, because of the dark water in the river Liffey on which Dublin is situated.
NOTHERN IRELAND – capital city BELFAST
Other city: CORK, LIMERICK
-The head of the state is President.
-The area of the island is about 80 000 km2 and The Republic of Ireland is about 70 000 km2.
-The population of Ireland is about 5, 5 million inhabitants.
-The landscape of the island can be described as BASIN-SHAPED.
That means the mountains are around the central plain.
-The main physiographic features :
-(are) THE REGION OF LOWLANDS occupying central and east central parts
-a SYSTEM OF MOUNTAIN RANGES in the south.
-The highest mountain is CARRANTUOHILL located in the south-western part of the island. (Its total height is 1041 m)
On the green plains are situated many RIVERS and LAKES.
Because of the large areas of the green grass is Ireland also called “GREEN ISLAND”.
- The most important RIVERS are the Erne and the Shannon.
- Nearly half of the SHANNON River is made by LAKES(jezero) Allen, Ree and Derg.
The CLIMATE of Ireland is moderate, because of the moist(vlhký) winds from the Atlantic Ocean.
HISTORY
-7000 BC came hunters of sheep
-6ct BC came CELTIC TRIBES
Celtic society were devided into
- COMMONERS(prostý lid)
- WARRIORS(vojsko)
- DRUIDS(kněží)
- PRIESTS (duchovní)
- HEALERS(léčitelé)
- BARDS (vzdělanci)
-remembered all history
-Each of tribes has own history, legends, myths -> retaling story in irish or gaelic language
RELIGION
PAGAN – They worshipe a lot of Gods (old gaelic)
4ct AD came ST. PATRIC – PATRON SAINT OF IRELAND
-founded 30 churches and monasteries
-382 * St.Patrick
-432 St.Patrick came and attempt to convert people to the Christianity
-expelled (vyhnal) all snakes from Ireland
-with him is connected the shamrock of HOLY TRINITY
FATHER
SON
HOLY SPIRIT
ST.PATRIC´S DAY
5ct - 9ct GOLDEN ERA OF IRELAND (-TILL VIKING INVASIONS)
-It was time of rapid development
- Is connected with monastic life(klášterní život) and scholarship(vzdělání)
-Cradle of European scholarship
-Monastic life monks spread knowledge in whole Europe
-BOOK OF KELLS (9ct)
-The most famous catolic book
-Was written in latin
-Full of ILLUMINATION – kind of letter with pictures
-Bright colours-they use natural colours -> still bright
-Special scin of animal
-It wasnt destroyed yet – still exist in TRINITY COLLEGE OF DUBLIN
9CT VIKING INVASIONS
-they started to burn down and kill
-trader = founded towns(Dublin, Cork, Limerick)
BRIAN BORU
-1st king of all Ireland
-defeated Vikings(porazil)
HENRY II.
-Was invited
-Speak about political involvement (zapojení)of England in Ireland
-Since that time they coudnt get rid of them
16CT HENRY VII.
-Proclaimed himself the king of Ireland
-brought the Protestant religion.
-The Catholics were not allowed to vote, to get married, to educate and to buy the land.
-16ct BRITISH BECAME PROTESTANTS
OLIWER CROMWELL
CRUSH
WILLIAM OF ORANGE 17CT
English people ruled the country and the Irish worked the land
19CT (1845-1848) GREAT FAMINE
That was caused by the failure of potato crops they were rotten GREAT FAMINE half population dead Emigration (USA,OZ..) started to support the fight for independence – beggining of 20ct – SINN FEIN ,,we orselves”(sami sobě) and it became a political party
FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE
-They wanted Ireland to be equal partner with Britain in dual monarchy
-However the movement absorbed many radical elements the most important nationalistic party in the country.
1921 december FREE IRISH STATE – independent state
1937 rename the country the EIRE
since 1948 REPUBLIC OF IRELAND(independent country) + leaving the Commonwealth.
1972 joined EUROPIAN COMMUNITY
DUBLIN
Half million people
RIVER - Liffey
ARCHITECTURE - 18ct square, terraced houses
CHURCHES – St.Patrick´s cathedral – THE OLDEST (J.SWIFT was a dean-děkan, there)
UNIVERSITIES - TRINITY COLLEGE(Book of Kells)
PARKS – Phoenix – THE BIGGEST PARK IN EUROPE(horse riding, House of Parliament)
THE IRELAND IN GENERAL
-variety scenery
-but above all The Ireland it is especially PEOPLE
-they produce sweater, knitwear
-public money is used to keep traditional crafts(řemeslo) alive wood carving(řezba)
ISLAND OF INISHMARE – is situated off west coast
ROCK OF CASHEL – holy place, people worship it
TOWER AT CLONMACNOIS – was built because of Viking invasion
ROAD SIGNS – are written in both languages(English+Irish)
MUSIC –violin, pipes, dance only with leg
HORSE
-some of them are use to go for a trip by a horse drawn caravans ,
-NATIONAL SPORT –horse races
FISHING – salmon, trout(pstruh), a lot of rivers, that are clean
HURTING – one of the fastest sport, you can score in two way
FARMING
- the most important part of Irish economy
-breed cattle dairy products
-mild climate contribute to farming
DAIRY
- Cows
- Sheep
Meat and wool
IRISH WOOL – is of very hight quality they knit sweaters at home
SPORTS
Foodball, hurting, golf, horse-riding, fishing
CHARACTERICTIC OF IRISH PEOPLE - Gift of the gab – they love talking / speaking together
ECONOMY
nstead of coal Deposits of peat = 2. biggest producer in the world (dig / cut out of ground )
PEOPLE USE PEAT
fuel in households
electricity production
but because of hight consumption there will be non peat(rašelina)
electronies, medical devices, pharmaceuticals
textile industry – production of wool(sheep)
agriculture
-dairy products
-horses
-fishery
-fishing
POLITICAL SYSTEM
-Parliamentary democracy
-President
-IRA – irish republic of army
-PARLIAMENT
SENATE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE
-The FLAG contains three colours – GREEN, WHITE and ORANGE
-GREEN symbolises the CATHOLIC and the LANDSCAPE
-ORANGE symbolises the PROTESTANTS
-WHITE symbolises the PEACE and understanding between them
-The EMBLEM of Ireland is the SHAMROCK, which is the symbol of CHRISTIANITY.
-It also symbolises the Holy Trinity (the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit).
-The ANTHEM