Political Science 230 Part II
Roskin, pgs. 56-64
Kelleher, pgs. 48-51, A:IR5-12
Vietnam & the Warping of National Interest
True or False Questions
1. Of all the many peoples the French ruled in their imperial heyday, the Vietnamese were the feistiest and least willing to submit, argue Roskin and Berry. True or False
2. Dean Rusk's view (secretary of state under Kennedy and Johnson) that the North Vietnamese were simply a branch of Communist China, serving as proxies for an expansionist China was correct. True or False
3. A scant four years after North Vietnam took over the South in the late 1970s, fighting broke out on the China-Vietnam border. True or False
4. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, President Roosevelt supported General de Gaulle's effort to return control of Vietnam to France. True or False
5. When the French fell to the Vietminh in 1954 at Diembienphu, Eisenhower decided to help France with airpower, military hardware, and intelligence in a last ditch effort. True or False
6. Ho Chi Minh was deeply immersed in the tenants of communist ideology believing in its international orthodoxy. True or False
7. Ho Chi Minh fought alongside Americans against the Japanese during World War II providing the OSS with valuable information. True or False
8. Ho Chi Minh was hated by the Vietnamese people and would have surely lost any election in the 1950s had the Geneva Accords been implemented. True or False
9. Since the United States never signed the Geneva Accords with Vietnam, Dulles argued that America wasn't bound by them, in response to the United States helping to try and maintain an independent South Vietnam. True or False
10. John F. Kennedy, as a young congressman, visited Vietnam and urged the U.S. to ally itself with the forces of nationalism and use them to beat communism. True or False
11. According to Roskin and Berry, had the Geneva Accords of 1954 been carried out, there would have been no South Vietnam. True or False
12. The crux of modern guerrilla warfare is psychological, not political, according to Roskin and Berry. True or False
13. In guerrilla warfare, the local guerrilla wins if he does not lose because time is on his side but the occupier loses if he doesn’t win altogether. True or False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What did President Eisenhower mean when he used the metaphor, "falling dominoes?" a) He was referring to the need to hold up the military from cuts in the federal budget, b) He used it to explain what would happen if one more country in Southeast Asia fell to the Communists, c) He disliked his political adversaries, identifying them as dominoes to be pushed aside whenever they disagreed with his policies, d) He believed the United States was one of many dominoes that had to play a role internationally.
2. According to Roskin and Berry, U.S. involvement in Vietnam becomes intelligible in the context of the following: a) the Congress, b) the State Department, c) the Cold War, d) the Pentagon.
3. Roskin and Berry argue that we would have "won" in Vietnam had we: a) let the military make all the decisions, independent of civilian control, b) been willing to use nuclear weapons, c) stayed out militarily and later signed trade agreements with a unified Vietnam, d) brought in the United Nations.
4. What do Vietnamese mean by moi in referring to the native peoples? a) savages, b) humble people, c) strong people, d) intelligent people.
5. According to Roskin and Berry, it was ironic that the Vietnamese accused the French of colonialism? a) because the Vietnamese always admired French democracy and culture, b) because the Vietnamese always respected the territorial integrity of their neighbors, c) because colonialism was so alien to French history until arriving in Vietnam, d) because the Vietnamese were fiercer colonialists than the French ever were.
6. What helped expand literacy and Catholicism in the early development of Vietnam? a) The Chinese, with the help of Jesuits, introduced their ideographs to the region, b) War and conquest were the quickest methods for introducing a uniform dialect and language by the Cham peoples, c) A Buddhist monk decided on establishing a unique ideographic syllable to the Viet language, d) A brilliant French priest devised an ingenious method by applying the tonal language to the Latin alphabet.
7. Semicolony with some internal autonomy: a) protectorate, b) imperial benefactor, c) mercantile cooperative, d) coopted state.
8. The generation that forgets what war is like is more inclined to engage in it. a) denial theory, b) forgetting theory, c) intuitive theory, d) adaptable theory.
9. Why did Ho Chi Minh become a founding member of the French Communist Party in 1920? a) Because Ho had a rebellious nature and communist ideology fed is natural personality, b) Because the communists favored ending French colonialism unlike other groups, c) Because the communists had money to buy off this penniless transient, d) It was by accident since Ho's cousin was already a member.
10. How did Ho Chi Minh and the Indochinese Communists overcome their more moderate nationalist Vietnamese groups during the French colonial period? a) By simply having much greater popular support, b) By assassinating all the leaders of other groups, c) By having more financial support from the Soviet Union and China, d) By turning over list of names of non-communist political leaders of opposition Vietnamese groups to the French authorities.
11. Why did the U.S. believe that it could do better in Vietnam then the French before them? a) The U.S. saw the French as demoralized losers, colonizers who could not win over a subject population, b) Although the French had been effective guerilla fighters, they were unwilling to use nuclear weapons, something the U.S. believed it would use if necessary, c) The U.S. government felt that it could buy off Ho and the Vietnamese communists, who could then later be used against China, d) Unbeknownst to the French, the U.S. had been supplying Ho with munitions and tactical training to help oust its former colonizer, believing that Ho was truly a nationalist and not a communist.
12. Ngo Dinh Diem was a) pro-French, a Buddhist who believed in peaceful co-existence with the communists, b) anti-American and used the U.S. to manipulate his secret friends, the communists, c) an authentic Vietnamese nationalist and fanatical Catholic who looked down on Buddhists, d) an ignorant peasant farmer who had been a Buddhist monk when he was elevated to lead South Vietnam against both U.S. occupation and communist insurgency.
13. An ambitious program that herded Vietnamese farmers into fortified villages that would theoretically keep the Vietcong out: a) strategic hamlets, b) fortified logistics, c) ground tactics, d) communist neutralization
14. Guerrilla warfare refers to: a) a means of subverting an existing government by assassinating the leaders at the top and taking control of the existing media, b) small units of irregulars behind enemy lines who use hit-and- run tactics to confuse and wear down the enemy, c) excessive force throughout enemy strongholds, pillaging the existing population and relying on fear and intimidation win, d) the application of biological and chemical agents to decapitate the enemy, forcing quick capitulation and quick victory.
15. According to Bernard Fall, in guerrilla warfare, “When the country is being subverted, it is not being outfought; it is being a) outmaneuvered, b) out-conditioned, c) out-administered, d) out-recovered.
Fill-in Questions
1. German sociologist Karl Mannheim argued that great events put their mark on an entire generation who carry the attitudes formed in their young adulthood all their lives. For example:
a) World War I produced a war-weary "______" throughout Europe and the U.S.
b) The ______produced people who forever craved ____ security and welfare measures.
c) ______made many Americans cautious about any U. S. ______intervention overseas.
2. What were some of the mistakes made by Ngo Dinh Diem that prevented him from consolidating and stabilizing the political situation in South Vietnam?
a) He ignored a program of reforms that the U.S. urged, including _____ reform,
b) He ignored a centuries-old tradition of village ______by appointing as village headmen ______,
c) He had a ______personality who only trusted his own family and ______was rife.
3. Kennedy's decision to up the ante in Vietnam was based on several factors:
a) he was a vigorous young president who had campaigned at stopping the spread of communism in the ______,
b) Early in his presidency he went through the humiliating defeat of the Bay of _____.
c) Kennedy had met with Nikita Khrushchev in Vienna and exchanged ______language about the spread of communism.
d) Without U.S. help South Vietnam looked as if it would soon fall and that would wreck Kennedy's chances for ______in 1964.
Perspective on Ethnicity & Global Diversity
Kelleher, pgs. 48-51
True or False Questions
1. Reasonable people can look at the same situation and come to very different conclusions. True or False
2. According to Kelleher and Klein, ethnicity, class, religion, and region influence the learning of values and manners of thinking. True or False
3. According to Kelleher and Klein, development projects in Brazil and Indonesia cannot affect the world's climate. False or False
4. The global primacy perspective view isolated cultures to be less significant and such cultures must change to become significant. True or False
5. Societies or ethnicities based on hunting, tribal, or primitive state organizations are to be respected by the global primacy perspective. True or False
6. Acculturation requires that the individual entirely give up his/her original culture. True or False
7. According to Kelleher and Klein, family organizations, art, religion, which do not (in theory) impede modernization, need not to be changed for acculturation to succeed. True or False
8. The late Pope John Paul II supported the incorporation of traditional religions into Catholicism to make the transition easier for indigenous peoples. True or False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. According to Kelleher and Klein, People who perceive the division of the world into specific political or economic entities as outmoded, embrace the concept of: a) global primacy, b) internationals, c) universalists, d) world integrationists.
2. Those that embrace global primacy have the hope that encouraging its further development will result in: a) greater conflict among the haves and have-nots while exploiting finite global resources, b) policies that assure greater competition with greater efficiency through nationalistic cooperation, c) increasing the possibility of peaceful prosperity where people share in a universal human rights, d) the rise of protectionist policies to eliminate waste, fraud, and abuse of our global networks.
3. A modern version of a Social Darwinism argues that keeping isolated, primitive cultures are condemning individuals to primitive, difficult lives: a) Hierarchy Paradigm, b) Global Primacy, c) Assimilation Theory, d) Plutocratic Structuralism.
4. The following theory evoked the concept of the "survival of the fittest" applying it to cultural evolution: a) evolution, b) secularism, b) cultural development, d) social darwinism.
5. Advocates of colonial states argue that over time, people will ultimately give up the customs of an inferior culture to become members of a superior one: a) assimilation, b) acculturation, c) integration, d) miscegenation.
6. The destruction of a culture: a) cultural development, b) upward mobility, c) intellectual enhancement, d) ethnocide.
7. The idea that "primitive" people are capable of being educated and of becoming a part of the modern world is a: a) conservative concept, b) liberal notion, c) communist viewpoint, d) Nazi propaganda.
8. The following promotes the idea that the U.S. is welcoming immigrants but these same immigrants must give up their old culture and adopt the "American culture:" a) cultural coercion, b) indoctrination, c) cultural emersion, d) melting pot.
9. The following holds that individuals will modify their cultural upbringing in order to adapt to a new culture without giving up their old culture entirely: a) incorporation, b) indoctrination, c) acculturation, d) interposition,
10. The following refers to the mixing of cultural ideas from different sources in order to create a new reality. a) syncretism, b) assimilation, c) cultural imperialism, d) cultural antithesis
Answers
True or False Questions, Roskin & Berry, pgs. 56-64
1. True
3. True
5. False
7. True
9. True
11. True
13. True
Multiple Choice Questions
1. b
3. c
5. d
7. a
9. b
11. a
13. a
15. c
Fill-in Questions
1. a) lost generation, b) Great Depression, job, c) Vietnam, military
3. a) Third World, b) Pigs, c) blunt, d) reelection
True or False Questions, Kelleher & Klein, pgs. 48-51
1. True,
3. False
5. False
7. True
Multiple Choice Questions
1. a
3. b
5. a
7. b
9. c
A:IR5-12
5-6