Colonial Era Study Guide
Jeffries’ “MIXED-UP” Answer Key
· a. difficult, if not impossible, to enslave Native Americans; b. whites tended to feel “culturally superior” to Africans; c. distance from Africa to the New World made Africans feel disconnected; d. whites felt an “obligation” to convert blacks to Christianity
· Triangular trade
· Middle Passage
· auctions
· a. New France was more than double the size of the British colonies, yet much less populated; b. British more interested in bringing settlers from mother country, French more interested in making Native Americans French citizens; c. French more interested in exploiting new lands economically; d. French tended to develop stronger alliances with the Indians.
· Western Pennsylvania
· Duquesne
· George Washington
· Jumonville Glen
· Braddock
· William Pitt
· Wolfe, Montcalm
· Killed
tax money
Puritan work ethic
Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson
African slaves
Duke of York
New York, New Jersey
debt payment
Pennsylvania
Delaware
“holy experiment”
50 acres
Philadelphia
fair dealings
· Weather, climate
· “New England”
· “goldmine”
· rum
· whale
· breadbasket
· forests
· Tidewater, Piedmont
· Bacon’s Rebellion
· frontier
· self-sufficient
· whiskey
· Indian
· Mercantilism
· “favorable balance of trade”
· a. powerful merchant fleet; b. source of raw materials; c. market for manufactured goods to be sold.
· Navigation Acts
· Dominion of New England
· Increase Mather
· William and Mary
· Salutary neglect was a policy by which the Navigation Acts were strengthened but basically less strictly enforced. This policy benefited both the colonists and the British government.
· governor
· council
· assembly
· Virginia House of Burgesses
· a. expansion of colonists into Native American lands; b. clashing of values and religion; c. colonials overwhelmed Native Americans, whether they were friendly or not.
· 700
· a. increasing colonial population; b. loss of Indian land; c. forcing Indians to follow Puritan laws
· Metacom
· winters, mountains
· religious beliefs
· intolerant
· ocean
· social, legal, political
· single, widowed
· Salem Witch Trials
· a. Puritan strong beliefs; b. child abuse; c. mass consumption of a hallucinogenic fungus; d. frequent Indian attacks put everyone on edge.
· a. lumber; b. iron works; c. glass blowing; d. pottery making.
cash crops including tobacco, rice, indigo
Piedmont, Tidewater
· Bacon’s Rebellion
· rivers, streams
· old
· a. attempts to enslave Native Americans failed; b. Indentured servants were cheaper, but not cost effective in the long run; c. slaves more expensive initially, but were not paid or granted their freedom; d. many saw the Africans’ black skin as a sign of inferiority
· Jacques Cartier
· fur trading
· 80,000
· Samuel de Champlain
· Louisiana
· Marquette, Joliet
· Henry Hudson
· $24
· Columbian Exchange
· 90, 75
· British
· Britain
· Francis Drake
·
· British
· Paris
· a. France lost most of its overseas empire; b. the size of British holdings in North America doubled; c. the British Treasury went deep into debt to pay for the war; d. The French sought ways to maintain the “balance of power” in Europe; e. the British found it increasingly difficult to manage a large empire; f. Britain became the dominant world power at the time.
· Pontiac
· Proclamation of 1763
· Enlightenment
· Great Awakening
· a. The Enlightenment sought to use scientific methods to explain natural phenomena; b. The Great Awakening saw the Puritan ideal in decay and sought to return people back to a religious life; c. the Enlightenment supported reason; the Great Awakening supported emotionalism and religious faith; d. Both groups caused people to question traditional authority and practice, as well as highlighting the importance of the individual over the authority of the government or church authority.
a. Britain became a superpower; b. status came at a substantial price, the British Empire was on shaky economic ground, so the British looked to increase taxes both at home and in the American colonies; c. the colonists felt they were entitled to the same rights as their fellow citizens in the mother country, felt taken advantage of by Parliament since they did not have representation in Parliament.
· 70,000
· 10,000
· agriculture
buffalo
water sources
languages
Crusades
Ottoman Empire
Middle Ages; Black Plague
Marco Polo
Prince Henry
Dias
da Gama
Christopher Columbus
Hernan Cortes
Francisco Pizzaro
Gioivanni da Verrazano
·
Captain John Smith
Pocahontas
Tobacco
John Rolfe, tobacco
Headright System
50 acres
African slaves
The Middle Colonies
seven
King James I
“Independents”, “Separatists”
Sir Edwin Sandys
Mayflower
1620
Mayflower Compact
Pilgrims
Puritans
Dissenters
ritual, tradition
New Hampshire
Connecticut
Rhode Island
Pennsylvania
Delaware
New Jersey
New York
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
· “a City on a Hill”
political power
40%
hold office
· “invincible armada”
· Joint Stock Companies
· Sir Walter Raleigh
· James River
· a. ships landed at the wrong location, the area was marshy with malaria-causing mosquitoes and polluted water; b. settlers sure there was gold, so they didn’t plant crops or build shelters; c. most of the settlers were unaccustomed to any sort of labor and simply refused to work
· “Starving Time”
· Powhatans
· 60
·