India Modern History Review Sheet
India Under British Rule pp. 193-198
Identify/Define:
British East India Co. / British run company working out of IndiaMonopoly / Company/person complete controls a product/market
Sepoy / Indian troops serving in British army
Zaminder System / British assigned ownership of the land to the Indians and then charged them taxes; they had to borrow money to pay and were in a constant state of debt
Sepoy Rebellion
Cause(s) of the Rebellion / Effect(s) of the RebellionRifle cartridge greased with pork/beef fat
General disrespect of Indian culture / British took over India as a colony
Mughal rulers exiled
· What changes in S. Asia helped the British conquer India? Mughal empire in decline
Village Life
Before British Rule / During British RuleVillage owned property
No property tax
Self-sufficient
Barter systems / Individuals owned property
Property tax
Need to buy products from outside village
Used cash money
Other Changes Britain Made in India
Better hospitals /health care
Railroads/highways
Tied India to economy of Britain
Schools & British education
Factories
telegraph
Indian National Congress / Muslim League
Identify / Hindu group that wanted independence; later political party in India / Muslim group that wanted Independence
Goals / Independence / Independence & separate Pakistan
Road to Freedom pp. 201-204
Identify/Define:
Satyagraha
/ Civil disobedience (peace protest)Ahimsa
/ non-violenceCivil disobedience / Refusal to obey unjust laws
Salt March / Gandhi marched to the sea and made salt to protest the law against making salt
Amritsar Massacre / Peaceful protesters were attacked by British soldiers
Muhammad Ali Jinnah / Muslim League; first leader of Pakistan
Jawaharlal Nehru / Indian National Congress; first leader of India
“Mahatma” / “Great Soul”
· What name does Gandhi give to the “Untouchables?” Children of god
· What was Gandhi’s early life like? What was his family like? What did he do for a living? middle class family; studied law in Britain; started fighting for Indian rights in S. Africa first
· What object was used to symbolize Gandhi’s efforts? spinning wheel
· How does Gandhi die? Who was responsible? assassinated by a Hindu extremist
Mohandas Gandhi
Goals / Methods / Reasons Methods WorkedIndependence
Peace between Hindus and Muslims
Eliminate Untouchable caste / satyagraha
ahimsa
fasting / no way to win with force
Many Indians v. few British
Used moral values of British
British looked like fools
Guilt of the British
People willing to suffer
· India gained independence in 1947. Why were the British willing to leave India?
Weak from WWII, British people didn’t support keeping India, Indian nationalism high
Political Challenges pp. 205-209
Identify/Define:
Sikh
/ Religion that is a blend of Hinduism and IslamIndira Gandhi
/ Prime minister that was assassinatedRajiv Gandhi
/ Opened India to foreign investments, increased private ownershipParliamentary democracy
/ people vote for political parties to represent them in Parliament (like Congress)Coalition
/ When there is not clear majority in Parliament, some parties join together to form a majority· What type of government does India have? Federal republic/parliamentary democracy
· How has religion created divisions and bonds in the Indian government? The religions have argued for centuries and continue to do so
· What are some of the goals of Nehru? Self sufficient, modernization, government guidance of development
Economic Development pp. 209-213
Identify/Define:
Green Revolution
/ Movement to improve farming techniquesTenant farmer
/ Farmer rents land from large land owner and pays % of crop as rentLand reform
/ When land is redistributed more equally among the people· What is the chief goal of Nehru’s economic planning? Self-sufficient
· How do natural resources help India industrialize? coal
Three programs to help farmers
1) irrigation – improved irrigation and damning techniques
2) Green Revolution – improved farming technology
3) land reform – redistributing land to the people so land is more evenly distributed and production increases
How economic development effects the environment
-Poor soil conditions -people forced to move due to conditions
-Contaminated water -erosion and flooding due to poor drainage
-Toxic waste
Changing Patterns of Life pp. 214-217
Identify/Define:
Cottage industry
/ Small business conducted out of the homeInfant mortality
/ Number of babies that die· How has the government emphasized education and how has this emphasis caused problems? Not everyone is receiving the same education
· Where do most people live in India: cities, villages or towns? villages
Effect of modernization on Indian families
/ Infant mortality dropped & nuclear family became more commonRegional and Global Issues pp. 223-227
Why are India and Pakistan fighting over Kashmir?:
For the Indus river, and fertile soil
How did the Cold War affect India & Pakistan?
· US & USSR gave India money – India maintained non-alignment (picked no side)
· Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan – USSR invaded Afghanistan to “help”it become communist; Afghans Soviets out.
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