1. What is the definition of psychology?
  2. Who was Wilhelm Wundt, and what was his major contribution the psychology?
  3. What are the 7 modern approaches (perspectives) to psychology, and how do they differ?
  4. What are the five methods of research we discussed in class, and what are their characteristics?
  5. What is the difference between a positive and negative correlation?
  6. What is a correlation coefficient, and how is it interpreted?
  7. What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable?
  8. What is the difference between a single-blind study and a double-blind study?
  9. What is the difference between a placebo and the placebo effect?
  10. What is the difference between random selection and random assignment?
  11. What is the difference between a control group and an experimental group?
  12. What are some ethical guidelines to consider when conducting research with human participants?
  13. What are some ethical guidelines to consider when conducting research with animals?
  14. What are the three stages in the process of memory?
  15. What are the three levels of storing memories, and what are their capacities?
  16. What are some strategies for improving the storage of memories?
  17. What is the difference between proactive interference and retroactive interference?
  18. What are some obstacles to problem solving?
  19. What is the difference between the availability heuristic and the representative heuristic?
  20. What is meant by the phrase “nature vs. nurture?
  21. What were Erik Erikson’s contributions to the field of developmental psychology (can you describe the eight stages of psychosocial development)?
  22. What were Jean Piaget’s’s contributions to the field of developmental psychology?
  23. What were Harry Harlow’s contributions to the field of developmental psychology?
  24. What were Mary Ainsworth’s contributions to the field of developmental psychology?
  25. What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation?
  26. What is meant by the term “critical period” with regard to developmental psychology?
  27. Who was “Genie,” and how was her case important to those who study language development?
  28. What are the stages of speech development?
  29. What was Noam Chomsky’s hypothesis regarding language development?
  30. What is the difference between a morpheme and a phoneme?
  31. What are some examples of infant reflexes?
  32. What are the four parenting styles we discussed, and how do they differ?
  33. What is the difference between crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence?
  34. What is the difference between the id, the ego, and the superego?
  35. What is the difference between a projective personality test and an objective personality test?
  36. How are the Rorscach Ink Blot test and the Thematic Apperception Test similar? How are they different?
  37. What are some examples of objective personality tests?
  38. How do psychologists define psychologically abnormal behavior?
  39. What is the DSM-V and what is its purpose?
  40. What are the symptoms and causes of the following psychological disorders?
  41. generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), phobic disorder, disorganized schizophrenia, paranoid schizophrenia, catatonic schizophrenia, major depression, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder

Therapy Approach / Cause of Behavior / Goal of Treatment / Key Terms
Psychoanalytic / Unconscious, internal conflict, possibly a result of early childhood trauma / Help patients gain insight into their unconscious to confront the underlying causes /
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Free Association
  • Dream Interpretation

Behavioral / Learning maladaptive behaviors through interaction with the environment / Unlearn maladaptive behavior, replace it with more adaptive behavior /
  • Systematic Desensitization
  • Flooding

Cognitive / Irrational thought processes and perceptions / Replace irrational thoughts with rational thoughts. Change negative perceptions into positive perceptions /
  • Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)

Biological / Chemical imbalances, genetic predispositions, and other brain abnormalities / Restore chemical imbalances, alter the body’s biological processes /
  • Antianxiety drugs
  • Antidepressants
  • Antipsychotics
  • Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)