WORKSHOP ON LANDFILL GAS DEVELOPMENT
AND THE CDM
Denpasar, Indonesia
September 5-7, 14:30-15:30
Subject: Project Example, GALFAD IPST SARBAGITA, Bali
Project Administration, Bali
Presenter: Project Manager Mr. Bernt H. Bakken
SARBAGITA – The Client
In 2001, the City of Denpasar and the Regencies Badung, Gianyar and Tabanan established an agency called SARBAGITA to administer Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) within these areas. The agency reports directly to the office of the Mayor of Denpasar and to the offices of the Regents in the three Regencies Badung, Gianyar and Tabanan.. The agency SARBAGITA works also in close cooperation with the Provincial Planning Authority (BAPPEDA).
PT. Navigat Organic Energy Indonesia (PT. NOEI) – The Contractor
In 2002 the company PT. NOEI was established in Indonesia to introduce “Sustainable Waste Management” and to produce electricity from biogas, derived from MSW.
The technology introduced by PT NOEI and the technical support, comes from the company Organics from the UK and Jenbacher of Austria.
Pre – Contract experiences
In 2002 the Bali Province through Public Works (PO) proposed a public-private partnership in to open and operate a new landfill site in the Regency Tabanan. Due to pressure from the public this project was shelved. Open dumping of MSW still continues within the district administrated by SARBAGITA.
The contractor PT NOEI has tested gas flow from landfill sites both in JABOTABEK and Bandung. Results from the drill tests performed at the landfill sites were not encouraging. There was very little methane gas in place at the landfill sites. The main reason is the location of the sites and the management of the landfill site. The sites are not managed to capture methane gas,. That which is practiced is what we may call “open-dumping” of MSW.
Contract Tender
In 2004 SARBAGITA invited the private industry to introduce a sustainable management of MSW at the location of TPA Suwung. It was clear to the local governments that to open a new landfill site within this area of tourism would be very difficult. The obvious choice was then to
better utilise the location of the existing landfill site TPA Suwung
In March 2004 PT NOEI in cooperation with Organics, UK, presented to SARBAGITA a feasibility study on the introduction of GALFAD at the TPA Suwung, which is located close to the protected mangrove forest in South Denpasar. (GALFAD = Gasification, landfill gas and anaerobic digestion)
Among several bidders, PT. NOEI was selected by SARBAGITA and awarded the cooperation contract to manage the environment and to produce electricity and recyclables from the MSW collected in the district administered by SARBAGITA. The contract was signed in May 2004.
Previous to the signing the Contract with SARBAGITA, PT NOEI had presented their GALFAD MSW management concept to Jakarta, Bandung and Surabaya governments. The main reason for the first project start-up being in Bali is that the southern part of Bali already had a dedicated agency established to administrate MSW. The agency SARBAGITA reports their activities directly to the political leadership in the City and Regency administration. This makes the bureaucracy work more efficient in Bali than in the other cities visited by PT. NOEI.
Project Socialisation
The local governments started in July 2004 a six months program to familiarise the people working daily at the TPA Suwung, this include the people not on government payroll. Information was given to the villages that are located close to the landfill site. The local press, radio and TV informed about the project.
The official government socialisation was completed in February 2005 and the official opening of the project took place at the TPA Suwung.
Everybody knows that socialisation is a continuous process. The socialisation is not only needed towards the public, but also within the local administrations. In the three Regencies that have a part in SARBAGITA open dumping of MSW is still practised and this will have to stop. The governments will also have to find alternative work for some of the employees working at these local landfill sites.
The environmental impact report (AMDAL) started in August 2004. An open hearing of the draft report was held at the PAPPEDA office in April 2005.
Topographic Mapping
In September 2004 PT. NOEI mapped the whole of TPA Suwung. The land allocated by the Minister of Forestry is about 39ha. About 85% of this land has been covered by MSW. Almost no capping of the waste has been conducted. The waste in place at the TPA Suwung landfill site is about 400,000 m3, with an average depth of about 5.0 m.
Based on the topographic map, SARBAGITA was allocated 10ha, in the south-eastern corner of the site, for the future processing of MSW. Within this 10ha PT. NOEI has been allocated 6.7ha for the IPST Suwung GALFAD installations
The southern boundary of the land allocated for the IPST SARBAGITA GALFAD is bordering the protected mangrove forest.
Geographic coordinates describing this land has been submitted to SARBAGITA and the Department of Forestry.
Project Site Layout and Greening Program.
As the 6.7ha of land allocated for the installation of the IPST SARBAGITA GALFAD project is located close to the mangroves, soil tests had to be conducted. These tests showed that in the eastern part of this land there was mud 20m thick. The only area where any heavy equipment may be installed is at the north-western corner of the land allocated.
A site layout was produced, presented and approved by SARBAGITA. The layout showed the technical installations and a 20m corridor to be cleaned up between the project site and the mangroves.
The existing waste at the landfill site TPA Suwung shall be relocated and shaped into mounds or small hills 15-20m high at the southern part of TPA Suwung landfill site. These hills created by MSW shall be capped by mud and soil taken from the old landfill site.
The land area needed for the relocation of existing MSW and for the installation of the IPST SARBAGITA GALFAD project shall cover about 14ha. The remaining area of about 25ha shall be again administrated by the Department of Forestry.
An access road to the IPST SARBAGITA project location has been constructed. The alignment of this road was made on recommendation from SARBAGITA and approved by the Department of Forestry.
The MSW relocation program at TPA Suwung started in April 2005
Fuel for Electricity Production
To be able to design the most efficient system for the production of electricity, it is very important to have accurate information on MSW volume and MSW composition. During the period of April – July 2005 PT. NOEI conducted research in waste composition received at TPA Suwung.
This research showed that 445tonnes of MSW is delivered daily at TPA Suwung. MSW from the Regencies Gianyar and Tabanan is not yet delivered to TPA Suwung. The minimum volume of MSW required by the IPST SARBAGITA GALFAD project is 500 tonnes/day. The delivery of MSW shall exceed this volume when the MSW from Regencies Gianyar and Tabanan is delivered to IPST SARBAGITA GALFAD project.
The composition of the MSW is 86% organic waste and 14% non-organic waste. From the 86% of organic waste, 55% is wet organics and 31% is dry organics. The non-organic waste of 14%, consisted of 9% and 5% miscellaneous other non-organic waste.
The water content in the wet-organic waste was 68% and the water content in the dry-organics and the non-organic waste was 12%. The research into the MSW water content shall be conducted for the different seasons. The composition of the MSW may also change during the main tourist seasons. This needs to be recorded over longer time period.
Project Recyclables
What the research shows is that hardly any “good quality” plastics or “good quality” paper is included in the MSW delivered to TPA Suwung. There was no sign of waste from fast food outlets, nor from the airport.
In Bali there is clearly a good recycling business already in place, with a system based upon emptying and sorting dustbins before they are collected by the collection services. PT NOEI expects that this shall be the case for all the city areas in Indonesia.
The main recyclable product from the IPST SARBAGITA GALFAD project shall be compost.
Finance Matters
Several meetings have been held between PLN and PT. NOEI. Interest has been shown by PLN to buy all of the electricity being produced by the IPST SARBAGITA GALFAD project.
PLN Bali is also interested in taking part in the project when the electricity production equipment is being installed.
The preparation of the Project Design Document (PDD) started in January 2005 and has now been submitted to the United Nations.
The work with the total project financing has not yet completed. The PDD and the PLN sales contract are two important elements in the completion of the project finance.