Appendicular Skeleton Guided Notes
Appendicular Skeleton: Consists of:
-Pectoral ______and ______
-______girdle and ______
Upper Pectoral
-Clavicle- “______”
-Functions: attachment point for ______, ______to hold the ______laterally, transmits ______to axial skeleton
Clavicle
-Curve-______the ______is not ______any blood vessels
-Medially articulates with the ______(top part of the sternum)
-Laterally articulates with the ______at the ______process
Scapulae
-“Shoulder ______”
-Lies on the ______surface of the rib ______
Scapulae Markings
-Posterior:
-Spine
-Acromion process-______of the spine that connects to the ______- “point of ______”
-Anterior
-Coracoid process-“bent little ______”, anchors the ______
-Suprascapular notch-______passage
-Lateral
-Glenoid cavity-a shallow ______that receives the ______of the ______
-Advantage-the shoulder is ______because it is a loose attachment
-Disadvantage-makes it ______and easy to ______
Humerus
-Proximal
-Head: greater ______and ______tubercle= muscle ______
-Shaft
-Anterior-______tuberosity-______
-Posterior-______groove-radial ______
Distal Humerus
-Trochlea-looks like a ______
-Capitulum- lateral, “______”
-Coronoid fossa-anterior ______above the trochlea
-Medial and lateral epicondyle= muscle ______
Lower Arm- ___ Bones
Radius-lateral (______side)
-Head-proximal meets ______
-Styloid process-distal ______bump
Ulna-medial (______side) “wrench”
-Olecranon ______
-Trochlear notch
-______process
-______onto the ______of the humerus
Hand
-Carpus-wrist (____ bones)
-Lateral to medial-______rows of _____
-______-______
-Lunate -Trapezoid
-______-______
-Pisiform -Hamate
-Metacarpals: 1-______
-Palm to ______, lateral to ______
-Phalanges- (______) fingers and thumb
-Fingers-____ bones: proximal, ______, distal
-Thumb-(pollex) _____: proximal, ______
Pelvic Girdle
-Functions-______lower limbs, transmits ______, supports ______organs
-Secured by the ______ligaments in thebody
-______
Hip
-Hip= “os coxae”
-_____ coxal bones made of ______fused ______
-Fused bones:
1. ______Point
2. Ischium of = ______
3. ______fusion
-Acetabulum= “Hip ______”
Ilium-______Flaring Bone
-Iliac crest-______
-Anterior superior iliac spine-______of the ______superior iliac crest
-Posterior superior iliac spine-end of the ______superior ______crest
-Greater ______Notch-posterior deep indentation where the ______cord like ______nerve enters the ______
-Auricular surface-medial rough area that ______with the ______
Ischium-posterior, inferior
-Lesser ______notch-nerves and blood vessels pass to ______and genital area
-Ischial spine-attaches ______
-Ischial tuberosity-______, strong when you ______, it holds your ______
Pubis-Anterior
-Obturator ______-for blood ______, covered in membrane
-Pubic symphysis-______
-Pubic Arch/Angle-______males and females
Female Pelvis
-______pelvis-important for ______
-Ischial spine is ______
-Pelvis is shallower, ______
-Pubic angle is ______
-Pubic arch is more ______
-Iliums flare more ______
-Inlet is ______and rounded
Abnormality
-______-the acetabulum is shallow and the ______of the femur will ______out
Femur-Thigh
-______, longest, ______bone
-Head
-Fovea capitas- attachment of a small ligament that ______the bone into the ______-looks like a small ______on the top center of the head
-Neck-______area, prone to ______(broken hip)
Femur-Proximal
-Greater trochanter-medial, Lesser trochanter-lateral. Both are the site of ______and buttocks ______
-Gluteal tuberosity-muscle ______
Femur-Distal
-Lateral condyle and ______condyle articulates with the ______
-Intercondylar notch-_____ shaped between condyles
-Lateral epicondyles-______to condyles
-Medial epicondyles
Tibia
-Proximal
-Medial condyles and ______condyles articulates with the ______
-Intercondylar eminence=point between ______
-Tibial tuberosity-anterior attaches ______ligament
-Shaft
-is ______posterior than anterior (______)
-Distal
-articulates with the ______of the foot
-Medial malleolus-inner medial ______
Fibula
-Only stabilizes the ______
-Thinner bone in the ______, on the ______side
-Proximal=head
-Distal-lateral ______-lateral ankle
Foot
-Tarsus, ______, phalanges
-Function- ______, lever to propel ______forward
Tarsus= _____ Ankle Bones
1. Talus-articulates with the ______and ______
2. Calcaneus-______bone
-Calcaneal=Achilles ______
-Calcaneal tuberosity-part that touches the ______
3. ______- lateral
4. Navicular-medial
5, 6, 7. Cuniform-______, intermediate, lateral
Metatarsus- _____ (I-V)
-Starting medial with the big ______(I)
-Enlarged ______head forms the “ball of the ______”
Phalanges (______) 14
-Big toe-_____ parts: proximal and ______
-Toes 2,3,4,5-_____ parts: proximal, ______, distal
Arches
-Maintained by ______and ______
-______arches:
-______longitudinal
-Lateral ______
-Transverse