Botany Semester Exam Study Guide

CH 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 22, 23, & 24

  1. Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relied on ______explanations.testing
  2. In science a hypothesis is only useful if it can be ______.tested
  3. A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test a ______.Single variable
  4. When enough experimental data support a hypothesis, a hypothesis becomes a(n) ______.theory
  5. Biology is the study of ______.the living world
  6. The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable is called ______. homeostasis
  7. What is the term for land, water, and air on Earth? Biosphere
  8. What is the term for a group of organisms of one type of living in the same place? population
  9. In he metric system the basic unit of length is the ______.meter
  10. On the Celsius temperature scale, how many degrees are between the freezing and boiling points of water?100
  11. The basic unit of mass if SI is the ______.gram
  12. Know Lab Safety Rules! (Look in chapter one or the back of the book)
  13. Be able to label and give the function of basic cell organelles!

  1. ______is a thin flexible barrier around a cell.Cell Membrane
  2. Which cell structure contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the cell’s activities?nucleus
  3. Prokaryotes lack ______.a nucleus
  4. Eukaryotes usually contain a ______which contains ______material. They also have specialized ______.Nucleus, genetic, cell organelles
  5. ______are examples or prokaryotes.Bacteria
  6. ______& ______help provide the cell with energy.Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
  7. Chloroplasts (& Cell Walls) is an organelle that you would expect to find in plant cells but not in animal cells.
  8. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called ______.Osmosis
  9. What is an organ? Give several examples.Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function; EX: heart, liver, skin
  10. Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called ______.autotrophs
  11. Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called ______.heterotrophs
  12. What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?Adenine, Ribose, Phosphate
  13. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into ______& high energy ______. Oxygen & Glucose (sugars)
  14. Plant’s take in the sun’s energy by absorbing ______. sunlight
  15. Most plants appear green because chlorophyll does not ______green light.absorb
  16. Which region of the spectrum is not absorbed well by chlorophyll?green
  17. ______is released during cellular respiration.Energy
  18. Cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce ______ATP molecules.36
  19. What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?Remember that the sugar is glucose…
  1. One cause of muscle soreness is ______fermentation.Lactic Acid
  2. When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?Only during cell division
  3. Know all about the Cell Cycle diagram.

  1. Be able to label the structure of a chromosome.
  1. List the phases of mitosis in proper sequential order. Be able to describe each phase.
  2. A plant is a ______(unicellular/multicellular) ______(prokaryotes/eukaryote).multicellular/eukaryote
  3. Plants use the energy of sunlight to carry out ______.photosynthesis
  4. Bryophytes need standing water to ______.Reproduce
  5. ______is a structure that is similar to roots.Rhizoid
  6. ______tissue is important to ferns because it can ______.Xylem, it can transport water over long distances
  7. List the four groups of gymnosperms. Gnetophytes, Conifers, Ginkoes, Cycads
  8. Angiosperms produce seeds inside protective structures called ______.ovaries
  9. The # of seed leaves distinguishes two classes of ______. Angiosperms
  10. Flowering plants that complete a life cycle within one growing season are called ______.Annuals
  11. A seed plant is anchored in the ground by its ______.roots
  12. ______tissue is the only tissue that produces new plant cells.meristematic
  13. Vascular tissue in plants consists of ______& ______.xylem & phloem
  14. Pollen grains are produced by ______reproductive structures.male
  15. In angiosperms, reproduction takes place in ______.flowers
  16. A sticky secretion on the scales of seed cones traps ______. Pollen grains
  17. In an angiosperm, pollen grains are produced in the ______.anthers
  18. The tough outer layer of a seed is called the ______.seed coat
  19. A ripened ovary that contains seeds is called a(n) ______.Fruit
  20. What type of fruit eating animals would assure the widest dispersal of a plant’s seeds?

Birds, can fly long distances from where a seed originated and disperse the seed through its fecal matter/digestive tract.

  1. From a diagram of seeds, be able to tell what method is most likely for the seed’s dispersal.
  2. Seeds that are dispersed by animals are typically contained in ______.Fleshy nutritious fruit
  3. A period during which the embryo of a seed is alive but not growing in ______.dormancy
  4. The horizontal stems of a strawberry plant are called ______.stolons
  5. The regions of tissue in a plant that produces cells that later become specialized tissues are the ______.apical meristem
  6. Plants can respond to changing environmental conditions by the use of what chemicals?hormones
  7. If the apical meristem of a mature plant is removed, the plant will most likely lose ______and grow ______branches.Apical Dominance; lateral
  8. ______- the responses of plants to environmental stimuli.Tropism
  9. The response of a plant to changes in the length of day or night is called _____.Photoperiodism
  10. A period of decreased activity in a plant is called ______.dormancy
  11. The brilliant colors of leaves in the fall are a result of the stopping of ______synthesis, which makes the ______pigments visible.chloropyll; carotenoid
  12. How does a carnivorous plant obtain nitrogen?By trapping and digesting insects;

There will be approximately 70 multiple choice questions on the semester test.

BRING A PENCIL…YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO USE A PEN!!