Botany Semester Exam Study Guide
CH 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 22, 23, & 24
- Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relied on ______explanations.testing
- In science a hypothesis is only useful if it can be ______.tested
- A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test a ______.Single variable
- When enough experimental data support a hypothesis, a hypothesis becomes a(n) ______.theory
- Biology is the study of ______.the living world
- The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable is called ______. homeostasis
- What is the term for land, water, and air on Earth? Biosphere
- What is the term for a group of organisms of one type of living in the same place? population
- In he metric system the basic unit of length is the ______.meter
- On the Celsius temperature scale, how many degrees are between the freezing and boiling points of water?100
- The basic unit of mass if SI is the ______.gram
- Know Lab Safety Rules! (Look in chapter one or the back of the book)
- Be able to label and give the function of basic cell organelles!
- ______is a thin flexible barrier around a cell.Cell Membrane
- Which cell structure contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the cell’s activities?nucleus
- Prokaryotes lack ______.a nucleus
- Eukaryotes usually contain a ______which contains ______material. They also have specialized ______.Nucleus, genetic, cell organelles
- ______are examples or prokaryotes.Bacteria
- ______& ______help provide the cell with energy.Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
- Chloroplasts (& Cell Walls) is an organelle that you would expect to find in plant cells but not in animal cells.
- The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called ______.Osmosis
- What is an organ? Give several examples.Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function; EX: heart, liver, skin
- Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called ______.autotrophs
- Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called ______.heterotrophs
- What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?Adenine, Ribose, Phosphate
- Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into ______& high energy ______. Oxygen & Glucose (sugars)
- Plant’s take in the sun’s energy by absorbing ______. sunlight
- Most plants appear green because chlorophyll does not ______green light.absorb
- Which region of the spectrum is not absorbed well by chlorophyll?green
- ______is released during cellular respiration.Energy
- Cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce ______ATP molecules.36
- What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?Remember that the sugar is glucose…
- One cause of muscle soreness is ______fermentation.Lactic Acid
- When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?Only during cell division
- Know all about the Cell Cycle diagram.
- Be able to label the structure of a chromosome.
- List the phases of mitosis in proper sequential order. Be able to describe each phase.
- A plant is a ______(unicellular/multicellular) ______(prokaryotes/eukaryote).multicellular/eukaryote
- Plants use the energy of sunlight to carry out ______.photosynthesis
- Bryophytes need standing water to ______.Reproduce
- ______is a structure that is similar to roots.Rhizoid
- ______tissue is important to ferns because it can ______.Xylem, it can transport water over long distances
- List the four groups of gymnosperms. Gnetophytes, Conifers, Ginkoes, Cycads
- Angiosperms produce seeds inside protective structures called ______.ovaries
- The # of seed leaves distinguishes two classes of ______. Angiosperms
- Flowering plants that complete a life cycle within one growing season are called ______.Annuals
- A seed plant is anchored in the ground by its ______.roots
- ______tissue is the only tissue that produces new plant cells.meristematic
- Vascular tissue in plants consists of ______& ______.xylem & phloem
- Pollen grains are produced by ______reproductive structures.male
- In angiosperms, reproduction takes place in ______.flowers
- A sticky secretion on the scales of seed cones traps ______. Pollen grains
- In an angiosperm, pollen grains are produced in the ______.anthers
- The tough outer layer of a seed is called the ______.seed coat
- A ripened ovary that contains seeds is called a(n) ______.Fruit
- What type of fruit eating animals would assure the widest dispersal of a plant’s seeds?
Birds, can fly long distances from where a seed originated and disperse the seed through its fecal matter/digestive tract.
- From a diagram of seeds, be able to tell what method is most likely for the seed’s dispersal.
- Seeds that are dispersed by animals are typically contained in ______.Fleshy nutritious fruit
- A period during which the embryo of a seed is alive but not growing in ______.dormancy
- The horizontal stems of a strawberry plant are called ______.stolons
- The regions of tissue in a plant that produces cells that later become specialized tissues are the ______.apical meristem
- Plants can respond to changing environmental conditions by the use of what chemicals?hormones
- If the apical meristem of a mature plant is removed, the plant will most likely lose ______and grow ______branches.Apical Dominance; lateral
- ______- the responses of plants to environmental stimuli.Tropism
- The response of a plant to changes in the length of day or night is called _____.Photoperiodism
- A period of decreased activity in a plant is called ______.dormancy
- The brilliant colors of leaves in the fall are a result of the stopping of ______synthesis, which makes the ______pigments visible.chloropyll; carotenoid
- How does a carnivorous plant obtain nitrogen?By trapping and digesting insects;
There will be approximately 70 multiple choice questions on the semester test.
BRING A PENCIL…YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO USE A PEN!!