Appendix. Cresonymy of the Species of the Picumnus Exilis Complex

Appendix. Cresonymy of the species of the Picumnus exilis complex.

Following: Dubois A (2000). Synonymies and related lists in zoology:general proposals, with examples in herpetology. Dumerilia, 2000, 4 (2): 33-98.

Picumnus exilis (Lichtenstein 1823)

Picus exilis Lichtenstein, 1823, Verzeichniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums der Köigl, p.11. “São Paulo, Brasil” (Errore), provenance should be Bahia, as corrected by Hellmayr (1929). Based on F. Sellow’s itinerary, we narrow it to the lowlands humid forests of Bahia between the cities of Caravelas and Salvador. Two syntypes, ZMB 10743 (Male - examined), e ZMB 10742 (Female - not found);

Picumnus exilis – Lafresnaye, 1845, Revue Zoologique par la Societé Cuvierienne, p. 111 (partim); Gray, 1845, The Genera of Birds, vol. II p. 432 (partim); Bonaparte, 1850, Conspectus Generum Avium, vol. I p. 140 (partim); Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus volucrum zygodactylorum, p.11 (partim); Burmeister, 1856, Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasiliens, vol. II p. 246; Cabanis & Heine, 1863, Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine, part IV p. 21 (partim); Cory, 1919, Catalogue of the Birds of the Americas, vol. II, No. 2 p. 507; Domaniewski, 1925, Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici, Historiae Naturalis, vol. IV, No. 4 p.295; Schauensee, 1966, The species of birds of South America, p.216 (partim); Sick, 1997, Ornitologia Brasileira, p. 512 (partim);

Picumnus exilis exilis:Hellmayr, 1929, Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series, vol. XII p. 420;

Picumnus exilis exilis – Pinto, 1938, Catálogo das aves do Brasil, vol. I, p. 364; Peters, 1948, Checklist of the birds of the world, vol. 6 p. 91; Pinto, 1978, Novo Catálogo das Aves do Brasil, primeira parte, p.273; Short, 1982, Woodpeckers of the world, p. 73; Winkler et al., 1995, A guide to the Woodpeckers of the World, p.174; Winkler & Christie, 2002, Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. VII p. 424;

Picumnus lichtensteinii Lafresnaye, 1845, Revue Zoologique par la Societé Cuvierienne, p. 6;New name for Picus exilis Lichtenstein;

Picumnus hypoxanthus Reichenbach, 1854, Scansoriae Picinae, p. 344. “Mexico” (Errore);

Picumnus hypoxanthus– Malherbe, 1862, Monographie des Picidees, p. 295.

Heterocresonym:

Picumnus cirratus (Non Temminck) – Wagler, 1829, Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem ersten Bande seines Systema Avium, Isis 22 p. 645;

Picumnus minutus (Non Linnaeus) – Sundevall, 1866, Conspectus avium picinarum, p. 98; Gray, 1868, List of the specimen of birds in the collection of the British Museum, part III p. 25 (partim); Gray, 1870, Hand-list of genera and species of birds in the British Museum, vol. II p. 179 (partim); Pelzeln,1871, Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens, pp. 241 e 442; Salvin, 1882, A catalogue of the collection of birds formed by the late Hugh Edwin Strickland, M. A., p. 382 (partim); Hargitt, 1889, Ibis, p. 354 (partim); Hargitt, 1890, Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, 72 vol. XVIII p. 542 (partim); Menegaux, 1904, Bulletin Du Muséum D'histoire Naturelle, n°3 p.110 (partim); Ihering, 1907, Catálogos da Fauna Brazileira, vol. I p. 190 (partim);

Picumnus buffoni(Non Lafresnaye) – Sclater, 1862, Catalogue of a collection of American Birds belonging to P.L. Sclater, p. 330 (partim).

Picumnus pernambucensis Zimmer, 1947 stat. nov.

Picumnus exilis pernambucensis:Zimmer, 1947, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 60 p. 99 Holotype: adult male (USNM 377212),“Recife, Pernambuco. Brasil”;

Picumnus exilis pernambucensis – Pinto & Camargo, 1961, Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de São Paulo, vol. XI p.237; Pinto, 1966, Cadernos da Amazônia, p.95; Pinto 1978, Novo Catálogo das Aves do Brasil, part I, p.273; Short, 1982, Woodpeckers of the world, p. 73; Winkler et al., 1995, A guide to the Woodpeckers of the World, p.174; Winkler & Christie, 2002, Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. VII p. 424.

Heterocresonym:

Picumnus exilis (Non Lichtenstein) – Schauensee, 1966, The species of birds of South America, p.216; Sick, 1997, Ornitologia Brasileira, p. 512 (partim); Benz et al. 2006, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40:389-399.

Picumnus buffonii Lafresnaye, 1845

Picumnus buffonii Lafresnaye, 1845, Revue Zoologique par la Societé Cuvierienne, pp. 6 e 9. Description based on the “Très petit pic de Cayenne”from Buffon, 1780, Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux, vol. XXII p. 37, and on Martinet’s illustration in: Daubenton, 1782, Planches Elumineés d’Histoire Naturelle n. 786 fig. 1, “Cayenne, French Guyana”;

Picumnus buffonii – Reichenbach, 1854, Scansoriae Picinae, p. 344; Malherbe, 1862, Monographie des Picidees, pl. CXVI n° 5 e 6; Gray, 1870, Hand-list of genera and species of birds in the British Museum, vol. II p. 179;

Picumnus buffoni [sic] –Gray, 1845, The Genera of Birds, vol. II p. 432; Bonaparte, 1850, Conspectus Generum Avium, vol. I p. 140; Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus volucrum zygodactylorum, p.11; Sclater, 1862, Catalogue of a collection of American Birds belonging to P.L. Sclater, p. 330; Cabanis & Heine, 1863, Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlungdes Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine, part IV p. 23; Sundevall, 1866, Conspectus avium picinarum, p. 99; Gray, 1868, List of the specimen of birds in the collection of the British Museum, part III p. 25; Pelzeln, 1871, Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens, p.442; Hargitt, 1890, Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. XVIII p.544 (partim); Snethlage, 1914, Ornithologische Monatsberichte, vol. 22 p.39; Cory, 1919, Catalogue of the Birds of the Americas, vol. II, No. 2 p. 508;

Picumnus buffoni buffoni:Bangs & Penard, 1918, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol. LXII, parte 2, p.59;

Picumnus buffoni buffoni –Domaniewski, 1925, Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici, Historiae Naturalis, vol. IV, No. 4 p. 296;

Picumnus exilis buffoni:Griscom & Greenway, 1941, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol. LXXXVIII n°1, p.207;Picumnus exilis buffoni – Peters, 1948, Check-list of the birds of the world, vol. 6 p. 91; Haverschmidt, 1968, Birds of Surinam, p.210; Pinto 1978, Novo Catálogo das Aves do Brasil, primeira parte, p.273; Short, 1982, Woodpeckers of the world, p. 73; Winkler et al., 1995, A guide to the Woodpeckers of the World, p.174; Winkler & Christie, 2002, Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. VII p. 424;

Picumnus exilis buffonii – Pinto, 1966, Cadernos da Amazônia, p.95;

Picumnus guttatus Reichenbach, 1854, Scansoriae Picinae, p. 344. “Mexiko” (Errore);

Picumnus guttatus –Malherbe, 1862, Monographie des Picidees, p.295;

Picumnus buffoni amazonicus: Snethlage, 1914, Ornithologische Monatsberichte, vol. 22 p.39. Holotype: adult male, MPEG 10529 (posteriorly transfered to ZMB 31.1512). “St. Antonio da Cachoeira, Rio Jari, Pará – Brazil”;

Picumnus buffoni meridionalis Domaniewski, 1925, Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici, Historiae Naturalis, vol. IV, No. 4 p. 296; New name for Picumnus buffoni amazonicus Snethlage, 1914.

Picumnus exilis alegriae Hellmayr, 1929, Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series, vol. XII p. 419. Holotype: adult male, FMNH 63941. “Alto da Alegria, Turiaçu, Maranhão – Brazil”. Syn. nov.

Picumnus exilis alegriae – Peters, 1948, Check-list of the birds of the world, vol. 6 p. 91; Pinto 1978, Novo Catálogo das Aves do Brasil, primeira parte, p.273; Short, 1982, Woodpeckers of the world, p. 73; Winkler et al., 1995, A guide to the Woodpeckers of the World, p.174; Winkler & Christie, 2002, Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. VII p. 424;

Heterocresonym:

Yunx minutissima(Non Pallas) – Gmelin, 1788, Systema Naturae, Ed. XIII, vol. 1 p. 423;

Picumnus minutissimus – Temminck, 1825, Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, vol. 62, Picumnus sp. 1 (partim); Wied-Neuwied, 1832, Beitrage zur Naturg von Brasilien, Vol. IV p. 378 (partim);

Picus minutus (Non Linnaeus)–Latham, 1789, Index ornithologicus, sive Systema Ornithologiae, vol. I p. 243;

Picumnus minutus –Cabanis, 1848, in Schomburgk: Reisen in Britisch Guiana, vol. iii p. 714. British Guiana; Menegaux, 1904, Bulletin Du Muséum D'histoire Naturelle, n°3 p.110 (partim);

Picumnus penardiSclater (?) – apudPenard & Penard, 1908, de Voegels van Guyana, vol. I p. 560;

Picumnus exilis(Non Lichtenstein)–Schauensee, 1966, The species of birds of South America, p.216 (partim); Sick, 1997, Ornitologia Brasileira, p. 512 (partim).

Picumnus undulatus Hargitt, 1889

Picumnus undulatus Hargitt, 1889, Ibis, p. 354. Holotype: adult male, NHM 1898.3.10.2829; “Mt. Roraima, British Guiana, 5000ft.”; Paratype: adult female, “Camacusa, Merumé Mountains, Roraima– British Guiana”;

Picumnus undulatus – Hargitt, 1890, Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. XVIII p.543; Menegaux, 1904, Bulletin Du Muséum D'histoire Naturelle, n°3 p.110; Penard & Penard, 1908, de Voegels van Guyana, I p. 560; Cory, 1919, Catalogue of the Birds of the Americas, vol. II, No. 2 p. 507;

Picumnus exilis undulatus:Peters, 1948, Check-list of the birds of the world, vol. 6 p. 91;

Picumnus exilis undulatus – Pinto, 1966, Cadernos da Amazônia, p.95; Pinto 1978, Novo Catálogo das Aves do Brasil, part I, p.273; Schauensee & Phelps Jr., 1978, A guide to birds of Venezuela, p.175; Short, 1982, Woodpeckers of the world, p. 73; Winkler et al., 1995, A guide to the Woodpeckers of the World, p.174; Winkler & Christie, 2002, Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. VII p. 424; Hilty, 2002, Birds of Venezuela, 2nd Ed., p.106 e 464, pl.37;

Picumnus buffoni undulatus:Domaniewski, 1925, Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici, Historiae Naturalis, vol. IV, No. 4 p. 296;

Picumnus buffoni undulatus –Zimmer & Phelps, 1946, American Museum Novitates, n°1312 p. 6;

Picumnus buffoni clarus: Zimmer & Phelps, 1946, American Museum Novitates, n°1312 p. 6. Holotype: adult male, COP 16118 (presently at AMNH). “La Paragua, 280 m, lower Paragua river, Bolivar, Venezuela”. Syn. nov.;

Picumnus exilis clarus:Peters, 1948, Check-list of the birds of the world, vol. 6 p. 91;

Picumnus exilis clarus –Schauensee & Phelps Jr., 1978, A guide to birds of Venezuela, p.174; Short, 1982, Woodpeckers of the world, p. 73; Winkler et al., 1995, A guide to the Woodpeckers of the World, p. 174; Winkler & Christie, 2002, Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. VII p. 424.

Heterocrsonym:

Picumnus minutus (Non Linnaeus) –Cabanis, 1848, in Schomburgk: Reisen in Britisch Guiana, vol. iii p. 714 (partim); Cabanis & Heine, 1863, Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine, vol. IV p.17 (partim); Salvin, 1886, Ibis, p.57 (partim); Snethlage, 1914, Ornithologische Monatsberichte, vol. 22 p.39 (partim);

Picumnus buffoni (Non Lafresnaye) –Berlepsch, 1908, Novitates Zoologicae, vol. 15 p.274 (partim);

Picumnus exilis (Non Lichtenstein) – Schauensee, 1966, The species of birds of South America, p.216 (partim); Hilty & Brown, 1986, A guide to the birds of Colombia, p.333 (partim); Sick, 1997, Ornitologia Brasileira, p. 512 (partim).

Picumnus obsoletus Allen, 1892

Picumnus obsoletus Allen, 1892, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, IV p. 55. Holotype: adult male, AMNH 56158. “El Pilar, Sucre, Venezuela”;

Picumnus obsoletus – Cory, 1919, Catalogue of the Birds of the Americas, vol. II, No. 2 p. 506;

Picumnus squamulatus obsoletus:Domaniewski, 1925, Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici, Historiae Naturalis, vol. IV, n. 4 p. 295;

Picumnus squamulatus obsoletus –Peters, 1948, Check-list of the birds of the world, vol. 6 p. 95; Schauensee & Phelps Jr., 1978, A guide to birds of Venezuela, p.174; Short, 1982, Woodpeckers of the world, p. XX; Winkler et al., 1995, Woodpeckers of the world, p. 75; Winkler & Christie, 2002, Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. VII p. 425;

Picumnus salviniHargitt, 1893, Bulletin of the British Ornithologist Club, vol. III p. iii. Holotype: adult male, NHM 93.10.25.1. Provenance: unknown (“Bogotá”). Syn. nov.;

Picumnus salvini –Cory, 1919, Catalogue of the Birds of the Americas, vol. II, No. 2 p. 507;

Picumnus buffoni salvini:Domaniewski, 1925, Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici, Historiae Naturalis, vol. IV, n.4 p. 296;

Picumnus exilis salvini: Peters, 1948, Check-list of the birds of the world, vol. 6 p. 91;

Picumnus exilis salvini – Schauensee, 1966, The species of birds of South America, p.216; Short, 1982, Woodpeckers of the world, p. 73; Winkler et al., 1995, A guide to the Woodpeckers of the World, p.174;

Picumnus nigropunctatusZimmer & Phelps, 1950, American Museum Novitates, n. 1455 p. 6. Holotype: adult male, COP 48362 (at AMNH). “Araguaimujo Mission, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela”. Syn. nov.;

Picumnus nigropunctatus – Schauensee, 1966, The species of birds of South America, p.216; Schauensee & Phelps Jr., 1978, A guide to birds of Venezuela, p.175; Hilty, 2002, Birds of Venezuela, 2nd Ed., p.464; Winkler & Christie, 2002, Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. VII p. 424.