Exam Review Topics and Lessons Worth Reviewing

Grade 11 Pre-AP Biology

Exam Review – Topics and Lessons worth Reviewing

Unit 1: Genetic Processes

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles (Powerpoint)
All terminology
Know each stage of Meiosis, be able to identify stages given a diagram
Sources of genetic variability (mutations, independent assortment, crossing over, random fertilization)

Mutations (Worksheet)
Types of mutations (gene vs. chromosome)
Gene mutations = substitution (missense, silent, nonsense) and frameshift (insertion and deletion)
Chromosome mutations = deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation
Be able to identify type of mutation given strand of normal DNA vs. mutated DNA and be able to predict effect (if there is an effect) on organism

Mendel and the Gene Idea
Law of Segregation and Monohybrid Crosses & Dihybrid Crosses and the Law of Independent Assortment (Powerpoints)
Spongebob Genetics Worksheets
Punnett squares, let statements, determining probabilities

Chapter 15: Chromosomes and Hereditary (Assignment)
Developing Conclusions about Different Modes of Inheritance & Pedigree Analysis Worksheets
Patterns of Inheritance: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive
Nondisjunction

Unit 2: Evolution

Evidence of Evolution by Natural Selection (Powerpoint)
Postulates of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
variation in populations, overproduction of offspring, struggle for existence – competition, differential survival and reproduction (fitness), emergence of new species
Homologous Structures vs. Analogous Structures – what they are and what do they say about evolution? (convergent vs. divergent evolution)

Evolution of Populations (Powerpoint)
Agents of evolutionary change (mutations, gene flow, non-random mating, genetic drift and natural selection)
Modes of selection (directional, disruptive, stabilizing, sexual)

Measuring Evolution in Populations (Powerpoint)
Population Genetics and the Hardy-Weinberg Law Worksheet
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
Frequency of Individuals (Genotype Frequencies): homozygous dominant (p2) , homozygous recessive (q2), heterozygous (2pq) VS. Allele frequencies: dominant alleles (p), recessive alleles (q)
Compare a population over many generations and decide if there is evidence of evolution.

Chapter 24: Origin of Species
Biological species concept
Barriers that cause isolation: pre-zygotic (habitat isolation, behavioural isolation, temporal isolation, mechanical isolation, gamete isolation) and post-zygotic (hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility)
Allopatric vs. sympatric speciation

LAB: Examining the Parameters of the Hardy-Weinberg Equation using an Excel Spreadsheet (Deme 1.0) & Deme 1.0 Population Genetics Assessment
Effect of population size on the degree of influence of genetic drift on a population
Relationship between allele frequency and the distribution of phenotypes on a population
Effect of selection against homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive and heterozygous individuals on both allele and genotype frequencies.
Effect of selection for dominant and recessive allele on both allele and genotype frequencies.

Unit 3: Diversity of Life

LAB 21: Evolution and Classification (Phylogeny of Caminalcules) & Gel Electrophoresis: The Case of the Crown Jewels Activity
Phylogenetic Trees (degree of relatedness of different species –the more closely related the more recent their common ancestor)
Gel Electrophoresis – be able to read one

Unit 4: Internal Systems

Day 3 – The Mammalian Heart (Powerpoint) & The Mammalian Cardiovascular System – Overview (Worksheet)
Anatomy of the heart (chambers and valves)
Direction of blood flow through the heart
Cardiac Cycle and valves
Pacemaker of the heart – sinoatrial node

Efficient Gas Exchange (Powerpoint)
Negative Pressure Breathing – know pressure and volume changes when inhale and exhale
How breathing is controlled – medulla and pons – effect of CO2

Steps of Respiration/Gas Exchange (Powerpoint)
Gas Exchange Review Worksheet
O2 dissociation curves for hemoglobin (effect of temperature and pH on hemoglobin)

Unit 5: Plants