Table (2-1): the Frequencies of the Collected Cases and Their Identification

Chapter Two

Patients & Methods

2.1 Preface

One hundred cases were taken from five hospitals in different regions of Iraq to achieve this study. These hospitals are: Azadi General Teching Hospital, Al- Sader General Teching Hospital, Al- Hussein Teaching Hospital, Ibn Al-Haytham Teching Hospital, and Hit General Hospital. The data were taken to estimate the population prevalence of refractive error, to describe the refractive characteristics of the Iraqi population in greater detail and to compare among the types of refractive errors (Myopia, Hypermetropia, and Astigmatism).

Table (2-1): The frequencies of the collected cases and their identification

Type and notes / Have
glasses / V.Aafter / Correction lens / V.A befor / Age / sex / No.
Simple myopia astigmatism
compound myopia astigmatism,presbyopia +1.50DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / Plano/-0.50X90
-1.50/-0.50X90 / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/18 / 42 / M / 1
Compound hypermetropia astigmatism
Compound hypermetropia astigmatism,presbyopia +3.00DS / Yes / 6/6p
6/6p / +1.00/+1.50X10
+1.00/+1.00X180 / R.E:6/24
L.E:6/24p / 63 / F / 2
Low hypermetropia
Normal,presbyopia +3.00DS / No / 6/6
6/6 / +0.50DS
Normal / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/6 / 61 / F / 3
Simple myopia astigmatism
Normal / No / 6/6
6/6 / Plano/-0.50X100
Plano / R.E6/9
L.E:6/6 / 29 / F / 4
Low myopia
Low myopia / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.50DS
-0.50DS / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9 / 21 / F / 5
Simple hypermetropia astigmatism
simple hypermetropia astigmatism / No / 6/6
6/6 / Plano/+0.25X5
plano/+0.25X170 / R.E:6/6p
L.E:6/6p / 27 / M / 6
simple hypermetropia astigmatism
simple hypermetropia astigmatism,presbyopia +1.00DS / Yes / 6/6p
6/6p / Plano/+0.75X45
Plano/+0.75X165 / R.E:6/9p
L.E:6/9p / 41 / M / 7
Compound myopia astigmatism
Compound myopia astigmatism / No / 6/9
6/9 / -0.25/-0.50X95
-0.25/-0.50X30 / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9 / 17 / F / 8
Simple hyperopic astigmatism
Simple hyperopic astigmatism,presbyopia +1.50DS / No / 6/6
6/6 / plano/+0.50X170
plano/+0.50X10 / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9 / 45 / M / 9
Simple hypermetropia astigmatism
Simple hypermetropia astigmatism / No / 6/6
6/6 / plano/+0.50X170
Plano/+0.25X170 / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/6p / 35 / M / 10
Low hypermetropia
, Low hypermetropia / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +1.00DS
+1.50DS / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/12 / 45 / F / 11
Compound myopia astigmatism
Compound myopia astigmatism,presbyopia +1.25DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -1.50/-0.50X180
-2.00/-0.50X180 / R.E:6/18
L.E:6/24p / 43 / M / 12
low myopic
low myopic / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.25DS
-0.75DS / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9 / 28 / F / 13
Compound myopia astigmatism
Low myopia / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -0.50/-0.75X8
-0.75DS / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/9 / 25 / F / 14
Compound myopic astigmatism
Compound myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/9 / -1.25/-1.50X35
-1.25/-1.75X180 / R.E:6/36
L.E:6/24 / 17 / F / 15
Simple myopia astigmatism
Simple myopia astigmatism / No / 6/6
6/6 / Plano/-1.00X87
Plano/-1.00X80 / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9 / 35 / M / 16
Maxid astigmatism
maxid astigmatism,presbyopia +3.00DS / No / 6/6
6/6 / +0.25/-0.50X90
+0.25/+0.75X5 / R.E:6/9p
L.E:6/9 / 60 / M / 17
Compound hypermetropia astigmatism
Compound hypermetropia astigmatism,presbyopia +1.50DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +1.00/+0.50X12
+0.50/+0.25X10 / R.E:6/24p
L.E:6/9 / 45 / F / 18
Compound myopic astigmatism
Compound myopic astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -1.00/-1.ooX160
-1.00/-1.00X25 / R.E:6/24
L.E:6/24 / 19 / M / 19
compound hypermetropic astigmatism
compound hypermetropic astigmatism,presbyopia +2.75DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +3.00/+0.25X170
+3.50/+0.25X25 / R.E:6/60
L.E:6/60p / 58 / F / 20
Simple myopia astigmatism
Simple myopia astigmatism,presbyopia +1.50DS / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.75X125
-0.75X90 / R.E:6/9p
L.E:6/9p / 46 / M / 21
low hypermetropia
compound hypermetropia astigmatism ,presbyopia +2.25DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +1.50DS
+1.25/+0.50X180 / R.E:6/18p
L.E:6/18 / 52 / M / 22
Low hypermetropia
Low hypermetropia / No / 6/6
6/6 / +0.50DS
+0.50DS / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9 / 35 / F / 23
Maxid astigmatism
Maxid astigmatism,presbyopia +1.00DS / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.25/+0.25X5
-0.50/+0.25X175 / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9 / 42 / F / 24
Modrete hypermetropia
Moderate hypermetropia,presbyopia +3.00DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +3.00DS
+2.50DS / R.E:6/60
L.E:6/36 / 66 / F / 25
Low myopia
Low myopia / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.50DS
-0.50DS / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9 / 20 / M / 26
Maxid astigmatism
Compound myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +0.25/-0.75X15
-0.25/-0.50X160 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/9p / 28 / F / 27
Simple myopia astigmatism
Compound myopia astigmatism,presbyopia +1.25DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / Plano/-0.50X30
-1.50/-0.50X20 / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/18 / 43 / F / 28
Compound myopia astigmatism
Simple myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -0.25/-0.75XX10
-0.50X170 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/9 / 27 / M / 29
Compound myopic astigmatism
Compound myopic astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -1.00/-0.25X90
-1.00/-0.25X90 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/12 / 23 / F / 30
Simple myopia astigmatism
Low myopia / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.25X90
0.50DS- / R.E:6/9p
L.E:6/9 / 15 / F / 31
Compound hypermetropia astigmatism
Modereatr hypermetropia ,presbyopia +2.00DS / Yes / 6/9p
6/9p / +4.00/+0.50X180
+4.50DS / R.E:c.f 5m
L.E:c.f 4m / 50 / F / 32
Compound myopia astigmatism
Compound myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/9
6/9 / -1.50/-1.00X90
-1.75/-1.50X90 / R.E:6/36
L.E:6/36p / 30 / M / 33
Low myopia
Simple myopia astigmatism / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.25DS
-0.25X50 / R.E:6/6p
L.E:6/6p / 33 / F / 34
compound myopic astigmatism
compound myopic astigmatism / Yes / 6/9
6/9 / -2.00/-1.50X85
-2.50/-0.50X105 / R.E:6/36
L.E:6/36 / 27 / F / 35
Compound hypermetropic astigmatism
Compound hypermetropic astigmatism,presbyopia +1.00DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +0.75/+1.00X180
+0.75/+0.75X10 / R.E:6/18
L.E:6/12 / 40 / F / 36
Low myopia
Compound myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -1.00DS
-1.00/-0.50X185 / R.E:6/12p
L.E:6/12 / 22 / M / 37
Compound hypermetropic astigmatism
compound hypermetropia astigmatism,presbyopia +2.25DS / Yes / 6/9
6/9p / +0.70/+0.25X170
+0.75/+0.25X30 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/12 / 54 / F / 38
Simple hypermetropia astigmatism
maxid astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +1.00X135
-1.00/+2.00X65 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/24 / 34 / M / 39
Simple myopic astigmatism
Simple hypermetropia astigmatism,presbyopia +2.50DS / No / 6/6
6/6 / Plano/-1.00X165
Plano/+0.25X75 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/6p / 55 / F / 40
Simple myopia astigmatism
Simple myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -1.50X90
-1.00X90 / R.E:6/24
L.E:12 / 16 / F / 41
Simple hypermetropia astigmatism
simple hypermetropia astigmatism,presbyopia +3.00DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +1.00X180
+0.50X180 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/9p / 65 / M / 42
Compound myopic astigmatism
Compound myopic astigmatism,presbyopia +2.00DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -1.00/-1.ooX160
-1.00/-1.00X25 / R.E:6/24
L.E:6/24 / 50 / M / 43
Compound hypermetropic astigmatism
Modereate hypermetropic ,presbyopia +2.00DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +1.00/+1.00X180
+2.00DS / R.E:6/24p
L.E:6/36 / 50 / F / 44
Moderate myopia
Moderate myopia / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -3.50DS
-3.50DS / R.E:6/36p
L.E:6/36p / 16 / F / 45
Moderate hypermetropia
Moderate hypermetropia ,presbyopia +2.00DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +4.00DS
+4.5DS / R.E:c.f.4m
L.E:c.f.3m / 50 / F / 46
Low hypermetropia
Simple hypermetropic astigmatism / No / 6/6
6/6 / +0.25DS
+0.25x90 / R.E:6/6p
L.E:6/6p / 32 / M / 47
Simple hypermetropia astigmatism
Simplw hypermetropia astigmatism ,presbyopia +1.00DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +1.00X180
+1.00X180 / R.E:6/12p
L.E:6/12p / 40 / F / 48
Simple hypermetropia astigmatism
Simple hypermetropia astigmatism,presbyopia +2.00 / Yes / 6/9
6/9 / +1.50X90
+1.50X90 / R.E:6/36
L.E:6/36 / 50 / M / 49
simple myopic astigmatism
simple myopia astigmatism,presbyopia +1.00DS / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.50X105
-0.25X85 / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/6p / 41 / F / 50
Simple myopia astigmatism
Simple myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / Plano/-1.00X87
Plano/-1.00X80 / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9 / 35 / M / 51
Simple myopia astigmatism
Simple myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/6p / -0.25X135
-1.25X175 / R.E:6/6p
L.E:6/18 / 21 / M / 52
Low myopia
Compound myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -1.00DS
-1.25/-0.50X180 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/18 / 19 / M / 53
Simple myopia astigmatism
Simple myopia astigmatism / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.75X30
-0.25X165 / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9p / 25 / F / 54
Compound hypermetropia astigmatism
Compound hypermetropia astigmatism,presbyopia +3.00DS / Yes / 6/9
6/9 / +2.00/+1.00X180
+1.50/+0.50X180 / R.E:6/60p
L.E:6/36 / 62 / M / 55
Moderate hypermetropia
Low hypermetropia,presbyopia +2.00DS / Yes / 6/9
6/9 / +2.00DS
+1.50DS / R.E:6/60
L.E:6/36 / 50 / M / 56
Low myopia
Low myopia / No / 6/6
6/6 / 0.50DS-
-0.50DS / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9 / 36 / F / 57
Low hypermetropia
Low hypermetropia / No / 6/6
6/6 / +0.50X180
+0.50X180 / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9 / 35 / F / 58
Normal
Simple myopia astigmatism / No / 6/6
6/6 / Normal
-0.25x30 / R.E:6/6
L.E:6/6p / 15 / F / 59
Simple myopia astigmatism
Simplw myopia astigmatism , / Yes / 6/6p
6/6p / -0.75X100
-1.00X80 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/12p / 32 / F / 60
Low hypermetropia
Low hypermetropia,presbyopia +1.25DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6p / +1.00DS
+1.25DS / R.E:6/12p
L.E:6/12 / 44 / M / 61
Low hypermetropia
Low hypermetropia,presbyopia +2.00DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +1.00DS
+1.00DS / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/12 / 50 / M / 62
Low myopia
Normal / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.25DS
Normal / R.E:6/6p
L.E:6/6 / 17 / F / 63
Simple myopia astigmatism
Low hypermetropia / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.25X68
+0.50DS / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9p / 21 / F / 64
Low myopia
Compound myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -0.75DS
-0.50/-0.50X180 / R.E:6/18
L.E:6/12p / 19 / F / 65
Low myopia
Compound myopia astigmatism / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.50
-0.50/-0.25X20 / R.E:6/18p
L.E:6/12p / 25 / M / 66
Moderate hypermetropia
Moderate hypermetropia,presbyopia +2.00DS / Yes / 6/9
6/9 / +4.00DS
+5.00DS / R.E:6/60
L.E:6/60 / 52 / M / 67
Compound myopia astigmatism
Compound myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/6p
6/6p / -3.50/-0.50X145
-3.50/-0.75X50 / R.E:c.f 3m
L.E:c.f 4m / 19 / M / 68
Low myopia
Low myopia / Yes / 6/6p
6/6p / -1.00DS
-1.00DS / R.E:6/24
L.E:6/18p / 15 / M / 69
Simple myopia astigmatism
Compound myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/9
6/6p / 1.00X10-
-0.50/-1.00X180 / R.E:6/12p
L.E:6/12 / 26 / F / 70
Low hypermetropia
Low hypermetropia,presbyopia +2.00DS / No / 6/6
6/6 / +0.75DS
+0.75DS / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9 / 52 / F / 71
Simple myopia astigmatism
Simple myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/9
6/12 / -3.00X8
-1.50X160 / R.E:6/60p
L.E:6/24 / 17 / M / 72
Compound myopia astigmatism
Compound myopia astigmatism,presbyopia +1.50DS / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -0.50/-2.00X90
-1.00/-1.00X75 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/12p / 45 / F / 73
Low myopia
Low myopia / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.25DS
-0.25DS / R.E:6/6p
L.E:6/6p / 27 / F / 74
Low myopia
Low myopia / No / 6/6
6/6 / -1.00Ds
1.00Ds- / R.E:6/18
L.E:6/18 / 16 / M / 75
normal
Compound hyperopia astigmatism, presbyopia +3.00Ds / Yes / 6/6
6/24 / Blane
+0.5/+1.5X155 / R.E:6/6
L.E:6/60 / 65 / M / 76
Low hyperopia
mixed astigmatism, presbyopia +2.00Ds / No / 6/6
6/24 / +0.75Ds
-1.00/+2.00X90 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/36p / 50 / M / 77
Low hyperopia
Low hyperopia / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +0.75Ds
+0.5Ds / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/9 / 45 / F / 78
Low hyperopia
Low hyperopia, presbyopia +1.50Ds / No / 6/6
6/6 / +0.25Ds
+0.25Ds / R.E:6/6p
L.E:6/6p / 45 / F / 79
compound myopia astigmatism
compound myopia astigmatism, presbyopia +2.50Ds / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -1.00/-0.5X90
-0.50/-0.50X180 / R.E:6/12p
L.E:6/12 / 55 / M / 80
Low hyperopia
compound myopia astigmatism presbyopia +1.00Ds / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -2.00Ds
-1.25/-1.00X50 / R.E:6/18p
L.E:6/24 / 40 / M / 81
Compound hyperopia astigmatism
Compound hyperopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/9
6/9 / +0.25/+0.25X110
+1.00/+1.25X90 / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/36 / 38 / M / 82
compound myopia astigmatism
compound myopia astigmatism,presbyopia +2.25Ds / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -3.00/-0.5X135
-2.5/-0.50X65 / R.E:6/60p
L.E:6/60 / 52 / M / 83
Compound myopia astigmatism
Compound myopia astigmatism / No / 6/12
6/9 / -1.00/-0.25X85
-2.00/-1.00X90 / R.E:6/12p
L.E:6/60 / 19 / M / 84
Low hyperopia
Low hyperopia / Yes / 6/9
6/9 / +1.25Ds
+1.25Ds / R.E:6/18
L.E:6/12p / 19 / M / 85
Low hyperopia
compound hyperopia astigmatism / No / 6/9
6/6 / 1.00Ds +
+0.50/+0.75X125 / R.E:6/18
L.E:6/18 / 16 / M / 86
Low myopia
Compound myopia astigmatism / No / 6/6
6/9 / -0.25Ds
1.25/-1.25X55- / R.E:6/6p
L.E:6/18p / 36 / M / 87
compound myopia astigmatism
compound myopia astigmatism ,presbyopia +2.00Ds / Yes / 6/6
6/9 / -0.25/-0.25X50
0.25/-0.25X50- / R.E:6/9
L.E:6/9 / 52 / M / 88
simple myopia astigmatism
simple myopia astigmatism, presbyopia +1.50Ds / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / Plano/-1.50X155
Plano/-2.50X25 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/18 / 45 / M / 89
compound myopia astigmatism
high myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/9
6/18 / -5.50/-1.00X10
-7.50Ds / R.E:c.f5m
L.E:c.f2m / 33 / M / 90
Compound myopia astigmatism
compound myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / Plano/-1.50X180
Plano/-2.00X170 / R.E:6/18
L.E:6/18p / 30 / F / 91
Compound hyperopia astigmatism
Compound hyperopia astigmatism presbyopia +1.50Ds / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / +0.25/+0.5X130
+0.50/+0.75X180 / R.E:6/9p
L.E:6/12 / 49 / M / 92
Low myopia
Compound myopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/6
6/6 / -1.00Ds
-2.00/-0.50X100 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/24 / 22 / F / 93
Compound myopia astigmatism
Compound myopia astigmatism,presbyopia+ 2.25Ds / Yes / 6/9
6/9 / -8.5/-1.00X90
-7.50/-1.00X55 / R.E:c.f 3m
L.E:c.f3m / 52 / F / 94
low myopia
low myopia astigmatism, presbyopia +3.00Ds / No / 6/6
6/6 / -1.00Ds
-0.75Ds / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/9p / 66 / M / 95
Simple myopia astigmatism
Low myopia / Yes / 6/12
6/9 / plano/-0.25X60
-0.50Ds / R.E:6/6p
L.E:6/9 / 17 / M / 96
compound myopia astigmatism
low myopia ,presbyopia +2.50Ds / No / 6/6
6/6 / -0.5/-0.25X45
-0.75Ds / R.E:6/9p
L.E:6/9p / 55 / F / 97
Compound hyperopia astigmatism
Compound hyperopia astigmatism / Yes / 6/9
6/9 / +0.75/+0.25X180
+0.75/+0.25X170 / R.E:6/9p
L.E:6/9p / 27 / M / 98
Compound hyperopia astigmatism.
compound hyperopia astigmatism, / Yes / 6/9
6/9 / +1.00/+1.00X25
+1.00/+1.50X170 / R.E:6/18
L.E:6/24 / 30 / F / 99
Low myopia
Compound myopia astigmatism / yes / 6/6
6/6 / -1.00Ds
-2.00/-0.50X100 / R.E:6/12
L.E:6/24 / 23 / M / 100