BOB 2007
Packet by Amherst (Ryan Peeks, Sandy Klanfer, Nathan Seifert, Austin Yim, James Buchanan and Casey Brennan)
Edited by Andrew Uzzell
Tossups:
At the first, the initial attack under Ulrich von Jungingen repulsed by forces under Władysław II Jagiełło, which later pushed Jungingen’s men to their camp near Grunwald, where they were massacred, marking the effective end of Teutonic Knight hegemony over the southern coast of the Baltic. The second witnessed the defeat of Russian units under Alexander Samsonov and Paul von Rennenkampf in the opening stages of World War I by German forces. Fought in a location now called Stębark, FTP, give the common name of these battles, the second of which was won by Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff,named for a town in East Prussia.
ANSWER: Battles of Tannenberg (prompt on “Grunwald”)
Originally started as a track and field club, it adopted soccer in 1901, making it the oldest active soccer club in its city. This club has only won its league’s title twice, in 1974 and 2000. Off the field, this club is known for its “ultras,” the Irriducibili, notorious for extremist politics and the use of fascist salutes to celebrate goals. Nicknamed the Biancocelesti, prominent players for it in recent years include former players Paolo di Canio and Pavel Nedved, as well as current players Tommaso Rocchi and Goran Pandev. FTP, name this club that shares the Stadio Olimpico with cross-town rivals A.S. Roma.
ANSWER: S.S.Lazio
First mentioned in 1032 in The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,one of its oldest buildings is the Romodanovsky Chamber. It is also home to the ornate Elizabethan Baroque Sergievsko-Kazansky Cathedral, though its monastery of the Sign was desecrated and destroyed during the Soviet era. The nearbyvillage of Prokorovka is the site of the engagement for which it is best known, an unsuccessful German counterattack following the Third Battle of Kharkov. FTP, name this Russian city that also gave its name to the largest tank battle in World War II.
ANSWER: Kursk
Constable painted the cenotaph to this man’s memory. His portrait of one boy imitated Holbein’s portrait of the titular monarch. BesidesMaster Crewe as Henry VIII, he depicted a character in Congreve’s Love for Love in Mrs. Abington as Mrs. Prue. This student of Thomas Hudson also depicted a friend of his striding ashore in the pose of the Apollo Belvidere, August Keppel, and his portraits in the manner of Rembrandt include Strawberry Girl. FTP, name this painter of Portrait of the Three Montgomery Sisters, a rival of Gainsborough and thefirst President of the Royal Academy of Arts.
This ANSWER: Sir Joshua Reynolds
The piece from which it originates was first preformed at the home of Frederick, Prince of Wales in the 1740, to celebrate the anniversary of the ascension of George I. Set to music by the composer of Alfred, Thomas Arne, it was written by James Thomson. Its lyrics promise its subject that “Thee haughty tyrants ne’er shall tame” and that “The Muses, still with freedom found, / Shall to thy happy coast repair.” Quoted in Beethoven’s “Wellington’s Victory”, as well as in “HMS Pinafore”, it is performed during the Last Night of the Proms on BBC. FTP, name this patriotic English song.
ANSWER: Rule, Britannia
Flowing along the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada, this river winds for 120 miles through the western edge of the Great Basin. Between its source and its terminus it passes through LakeCrowley and by the city of Bishop, the White and Inyo mountains and Mt.Whitney. The river originally terminated in a namesake lake, but the lake has now disappeared, as the majority of this river’s flow has been diverted for drinking and irrigation. FTP, name this California river, the source of William Mulholland’s largest aqueduct and a major source of water for Los Angeles.
ANSWER: OwensRiver
Because of its inclusion in the third edition of the Textus Receptus, this passage became incorporated into many early translations of the Bible. Despite its clear support for Trinitarianism, early Church fathers relied upon a different part of the Scriptures in battling other Christians such as Arians. Cyprian’s comments on that excerpt, however, were very similar to this passage, lending some scholars today to suggest that this passage’s origins come from him. Its absence in most early biblical manuscripts has led to its removal in more recent translations and the non-commitment of the Catholic Church. However, its explicit assertion of the triune Godhead has led others to accept this passage as canon. FTP, what is the name of this disputed clause found in some editions of the First Epistle of John?
ANSWER: Comma Johanneum
Although typically associated with London, this band actually formed in 1984 in Dublin. While their first album, which included “Sueisfine” and “All I Need”, was a critical success, not until the 1991 release of their second album did they find popular success. That album, ranked by Pitchfork as the best album of the 1990s, was also their last original release until a new, reunion album set to be released in late 2007 or sometime in 2008. Name, FTP, this shoegaze band that was co-founded by Kevin Shields that is not related to a 80s teen horror movie of the same name, most famous for their album “Loveless.”
ANSWER:My Bloody Valentine
A reformulation of it by Frederik Kortlandt accounted for such features as the glottal stop before the final consonant in words like “help” and “leap” and suggested that it led to the loss of voicedness as a distinctive feature.Apparent exceptions to it for voiceless stops following unstressed syllables were categorized by Verner.First discovered by FriedrichSchlegel and Rasmus Rask, FTP, identify this rule describing sound changes that affected stops in Proto-Indo-European, named for a writer of fairy tales.
ANSWER: Grimm’s law
He suggested that one of the two title nations was less successful because of its cabinet-based government inForeign Policy and Democratic Politics: The American and British Experience. His doctoral dissertation, written in 1957 and later published in book form, laid the foundations of a new school of IR theory, named “structural realism” by the author, although the term never caught on. Starting from the assumption that the international system is anarchic, he proceeded to lay out three levels of analysis for examining conflict: individual, domestic and systemic, in Man, the State and War. FTP, name this scholar, the author ofTheory of International Politics, and one of the founders of neorealism.
ANSWER: Kenneth Waltz
Larry Wall noted that in this language,an infinite loop could be written without a dummy condition, because a typical infinite loop would be terminated by detonation. Its 95 version added dynamic dispatch and increased object-oriented programming support. This strongly typed language supports modular programming and includes checks against such bugs as buffer overflow and off-by-one errors. Developed and for many years mandated by the U.S. Department of Defense, FTP, identify this programming language, named after Lord Byron's niece, who is often said to be the first programmer.
ANSWER: Ada
Of its A, B, and C manuscripts, scholars view the second, from St. Gall, as the most authentic.Its heroine invites her brothers to a feast and murdering them. The hero takes the ring and belt of his king’s wife, whom he defeated thanks to an invisibility cloak. After an argument between two characters over precedence in entering the Worm Cathedral, that hero is killed by the Burgundian vassalHagen von Tronje, while Dietrich von Bern’s weapons master Hildebrand kills the heroine at the end of, FTP, name this Germanic poem featuring Gunther,theprincess Kriemhild, and treasure thrown into the Rhine, later made into a series of operas by Richard Wagner.
ANSWER: Nibelungenliedor The Song of the Nibelungs
One paper of this chemist discusses the mechanism of a palladium-catalyzed catalytic converter. Another, “Adsorption of hydrogen on palladium single crystal surfaces”, used low-energy electron diffraction, or LEED.He and Gábor Somorjai won the Wolf Prize in Chemistry in 1998 for their study of the mechanisms of surface-catalyzed reactions. His most famous discovery used vacuum technology developed for semiconductors to refine the catalytic synthesis of ammonia over iron, also known as the Haber-Bosch process.FTP, name this German surface chemist, the 2007 Nobel prize winner in Chemistry.
ANSWER: Gerhard Ertl
Stephen Toulmin’s Human Understanding criticized the relativist view put forth by his most famous work. He wrote about the formation of the heliocentric theory of the solar system in his first published work, The Copernican Revolution. A Ph. D. physicist, he argued that Planck was unaware that he was developing the principle of energy discontinuity in Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity. According to his most famous work, only when researchers become aware of anomalies that contradict the existing research view do the title events occur. FTP, name this 20th century philosopher and historian of science, who defined the terms “normal science” and “paradigm” in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.
ANSWER: Thomas Kuhn
After a long career of public service, this man died after falling out of a 16th story window. After his service in World War I as a naval aviator, he worked for the Democratic Party in New York, until he joined the Roosevelt administration in 1940. What became George Kennan’s famous article “The Sources of Soviet Conduct” was originally written for this man. After his supervisor’s death in 1944, he ascended to the post of Secretary of the Navy, where he oversaw both the end of the war and the National Security Act. FTP, name this man, the namesake of a class of nuclear aircraft carriers and the first U.S. Secretary of Defense.
ANSWER: James Forrestal
Scholars have suggested that this work was developed in part by pilgrims to the shrine of St. James of Compostella.At the end, Aude dies from grief, Thierry defeats Pinabel in judicial combat, andthe title character’s stepfatheris executed. King Marsilionpromises to end a seven-year-old conflict, provided that the occupying army leaves his kingdom. Ganelonagrees to betray the Twelve Peers, including the title character, who later dies of a burst blood vessel. Following an ambush, the title character disregards Oliver’s advice and refuses to blow his horn until it is too late. Probably written by Turold, this is, FTP, which epic poem, which recounts the tale of Charlemagne’s nephew, his sword Durandal, and the battle of RoncesvallesPass.
ANSWER: The Song of Roland or La Chanson de Roland
The titular sculptor of his first novel hangs out in Rome and falls in love with Christina Light, who is the title character of another work centered on the revolutionary Hyacinth Robinson. In addition to Roderick Hudson and The Princess Casamassima, Owen tries to choose between Fleda Vetch and Mona Brigstock while battling over the titular estate in this author’s The Spoils of Poynton. A friend of Ivan Turgenev, one of his better known works describes Morris Townsend’s attempts to marry Catherine Sloper in spite of her father’s refusal, and another is a spooky story about Miles and his governess. FTP, name this turn-of-the-20th-century author whose works includeWashington Square, Daisy Miller, andThe Turn of the Screw.
ANSWER:Henry James
The son of Senzangakona, he fought as a youth for the Mtetwa chieftain Dingiswayo. He organized his people’s army into regiments known as impi, and his most powerful regional rivals were the Ndwandwe. His military campaigns caused the Mfecane, or “Crushing”, a series of mass migrations. His nephew was the victor at Isandlwana, Cetshwayo, whose father’s half-brothers Dingana and Mhlangana assassinated this ruler in 1828. FTP, name this founder of the Zulu empire.
ANSWER: Shaka Zulu
They may be classified based on jet-related emission as either radio-loud or radio-quiet, and the latter category includes both LINERs and Seyfert galaxies. Their name refers to radiation caused by friction on the accretion disc. FTP, name this region at the center of a certain type of galaxy that contains a supermassive black hole.
ANSWER: active galactic nuclei or AGN
Its plot is similar to that of its author’s War with the Newts. One character thinks that Marius and Sulla were not generals but lovers, and Nana interprets as a divine curse the lack of children being born ten years after Domin professes his love for a representative of the Humanity League. Alquist, spared from death because he worked with his hands, stops searching for a secret formula when Primus and Helena fall in love just as if they were human. FTP, name this play by Karel Čapek that introduced the Czech word for forced labor into English.
ANSWER: R.U.R. or Rossum’s Universal Robots
Extra tossups:
Among the many uses of this thoroughfare was the demarcation between the Anglo-Saxon and Danish areas of England; the Danes had to withdraw north and east of this road. Currently, the A2 and A5 roads mirror the original course, going from, using modern place-names, Dover to Wroxeter. It was originally a Celtic track between what are now Canterbury and St. Albans, but the Romans, upon conquering England paved it and expanded the route to its present dimensions. FTP, name this road, which stretches from the English Channel to near the Welsh border.
ANSWER: Watling Street
These standard candles are often found in the horizontal branch and all though are large in radius, are usually no more than one half the Sun’s mass. Given they are horizontal branch stars, their status as a standard candle is generated by the fact that these stars’ power is generated by the triple-alpha reaction which, for these stars, give strong variability especially in the V and I bandpasses. The most important, discovered by Williamina Fleming in 1901, has been calculated to be within 262 parsecs from Earth and have an absolute magnitude of +.61. FTP, name these variable stars of which there are three main types, a commonly used standard for measuring distances within galactical distances.
ANSWER: RR Lyrae stars
Although he has written one novel, The Lieutenant, essentially all of his writings have been short stories. He was condemned to a wheelchair for the last 12 years of his life starting in 1986 after a serious car accident where he lost his left leg and eventually lost use of his right. His famous stories include “Killings,” which was later adapted as the screenplay to the Academy Award-winning movie In The Bedroom. Another movie has also been adapted from his novella We Don't Live Here Anymore.FTP, name this author who has often been compared to Raymond Carver for his realistic depictions of everyday life and events and whose son of the same name is the National Book Award winning author of House of Sand and Fog.
ANSWER: Andre Dubus
This disorder primarily occurs when blood flow is impeded in the affected organ. Some linked underlying causes include cardiovascular leakage and diabetes, but also inhibitions in this organ's reflexive actions to stimuli and secretions of nitric oxide that relax the organ's muscles can also lead to this disorder. Another common cause is excessive alcohol use, which has even been entertained by Shakespeare. Typical treatments include selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors including tadalafil, vardenafil, and sildenafil citrate. FTP, name this condition found more commonly in older men and hardcore bicyclers and whose treatments' advertising includes comical double entendres, Mark Martin, and Bob Dole.
ANSWER: Erectile dysfunction (also accept ED or impotence or any reasonable alternative).
A leading theory in explaining crustal change before the formulation of plate tectonics, this concept was borne out of the ideas of 19th century geologists such as James Hall and JD Dana. Used to hypothesize the development of the Appalachian mountains and other mountain belts, this theory was first formulated with the idea of the Earth contracting as its interior cooled. FTP, what is the name of the concept that hypothesizes that the mountains were formed when the cooled crust folded and sediments collected on either side of the resulting trough?
ANSWER: Theory ofGeosynclines
Although he began his career as a jazz musician, this man gained notoriety among his peers after he stopped tuning his guitar before playing. Some have said his guitar styles "resemble a surgeon operating on a patient," especially since he has long since decided to play his often creatively prepared guitars flat on a table. Recently, he has gathered acclaim from critics and fans by incorporating shortwave radio and number stations in many live of his performances released by Erstwhile Records. FTP, name this guitarist, often called the godfather of electroacoustic improvisation and the founding member of AMM along with Lou Gare and Eddie Prevost.