Bacteria, Fungi and Protist Kingdoms- Quiz Study Guide
Archaebacteria Eubacteria
There are two bacteria kingdoms and they are Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
§ Are prokaryotic which means they do not have a nucleus
§ They can move, reproduce and perform cellular respiration
§ Archaebacteria have been on the planet for 3 billion years
§ Archaebacteria live in places other organisms cannot survive in such as volcanoes, hot springs, and volcanoes. They are able to live in extremely hot, cold, or dry environments by growing a thick membrane because of this they are called endospores.
§ Archaebacteria are either methane makers, heat lovers, or salt lovers.
§ Bacteria reproduce by binary fission
§ Bacteria are classified by how they eat. Bacteria can be consumers, producers or decomposers.
Consumers obtain nutrients from other organisms.
Decomposers feed on organic matter.
Producers convert sun energy into food; they make their own food.
§ The three major shapes of bacteria include Spirilla,(spiral-shaped) Bacilli (or rod-shaped), and Cocci (sphere shaped)
Spirilla Bacilli Cocci
Bacteria can be either good or bad for the environment.
Good things bacteria do are;
§ Take in nitrogen and change it into a form that plants can use.
§ Can combat pollution by bioremediation where bacteria change pollutants into harmless chemicals.
§ Decompose dead materials and organisms.
§ Bacteria are used to make insulin for diabetics.
§ Bacteria are used in foods like cheese and yogurt.
Virus’s are different from bacteria because they need a living host to reproduce.
FUNGI
Characteristics of Fungi
§ Eukaryotic which means they have a nucleus
§ Decomposers feed off dead or decaying matter
§ Live near their food sources and get nutrients by excreting digestive juices onto a food source. These juices dissolve substance to obtain food for energy.
The four major groups of fungi are; Threadlike, Sac, Club, or Imperfect fungus
§ Threadlike- Fuzzy black mold is an example of a threadlike fungus
§ Sac Fungus Yeast is an example of a unicellular sac fungus
§ Club Fungus – Uumbrella shaped mushrooms are examples of club fungus
§ Imperfect Fungus- Do not fit in the other fungi groups. Most are parasitic such as the fungus that causes athletes foot. Some imperfect fungi are used to make penicillin/antibiotics which are used to treat bacterial infections.
Protists
Characteristics of Protists
§ Eukaryotic which means they have a nucleus
§ Some are producers, some are consumers
§ Classified by how they get their food/energy.
The three groups of protists include;
Funguslike Protists, Plantlike Protists, and Animal-like Protists
§ Funguslike-obtains food from dead organic matter. Secrete digestive juices into the food source and absorb the digested nutrients.
§ Plantlike – Algae is an example. These protists use the suns energy to make food. Almost all algae live in water.
§ Animal-like – Protozoa single-celled consumers divided into 4 phyla; amoebalike protists, flagellates, ciliates, and spore-forming protists.
Protists move in three ways; pseudopods, flagella and cilia.
§ Amoebas use pseudopods to move. These are “false feet.” They extend a new pseudopod and the rest of the creature flows. It gets its food in this manner.
§ Flagellates use flagella to move. Whiplike strands that beat cause cells to spin through the water.
§ Ciliates use cilia to move. Tiny hairlike structures that beat 60 times a second. Sweep food through the water towards themselves.
EXAMPLES OF PROTISTS AND HOW THEY MOVE AND GET THEIR FOOD
A slime mold is a fungus-like protists that moves like an amoeba
It gets energy by decomposing dead or decaying matter.
It is a consumer.
Plant-like protists like euglena move using flagellate and make their own food through photosynthesis.
They are producers since they make their own food.
An animal-like protist like the paramecium moves using cilia. It is a consumer because it sweeps its food towards its mouth opening.