2013 International History Bowl - ROUND THREE

2013 International History Bowl - ROUND THREE

FIRST QUARTER

1. These figures are the first of seven seals opened by the Lion of Judah. These characters of the Book of Revelation have animals colored red, white, black and pale green and embody conquest, war, famine and death. For 10 points, name this quartet of equine symbols of doom in the Bible.

Ans: the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

2. The final member of this group was Catherine Parr. The one to die in childbirth was Jane Seymour, and the two to be beheaded were Catherine Howard and Anne Boleyn. Catherine of Aragon was the first of, for 10 points, what group of women married to the Anglican Church’s founder?

Ans: wives of King Henry VIII of England

3. This country was the first to legalize gay marriage, and one of its colonies is Aruba. In the Peace of Westphalia, Spain recognized its independence, and its natives include William III of Orange and Vincent van Gogh. For 10 points, name this low-lying country that ruled the East Indies.

Ans: the Netherlands (accept “Holland”)

4. One type of this food was named after the queen consort of King Umberto due to its red, white, and green appearance. In Chicago, this food is traditionally thicker than the variety most common in New York, though it originated in Naples. For ten points, name this food whose Romana variety includes tomato, mozzarella, anchovies, oregano and oil.

Ans.: pizza

5. One character in this play is Tybalt, who kills Mercutio. One title character is betrothed to Paris and gets a drug from Friar Lawrence that puts her in a coma, convincing her lover that she is dead. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare tragedy about lovers from feuding families.

Ans: Romeo and Juliet

6. The governor of Cuba tried to prevent him from his most successful mission, on which he used the native Doña Marina as his interpreter. The people he conquered in 1519 were convinced he was Quetzalcoatl. For 10 points, name this conquistador of Mexico, who ruled the Aztecs.

Ans: Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro

7. In this ritual, one is in a state of purity called ihram. An animal sacrifice for Abraham is a part of this ritual, which involves running seven laps between Mounts Safa and Marwah. It requires circumscribing the Ka’bah seven times; for 10 points, name this Pillar of Islam.

Ans: hajj OR pilgrimage to Mecca

8. This man feuded with Gottfried Leibniz over the theory of infinitesimal calculus and founded the field of optics with his studies on white light composition. This author of the Principia Mathematica created three laws of motion. For 10 points, name this British scientist who discovered gravity.

Ans: Sir Isaac Newton

9. This creator of the Four Causes assumed existence of the fifth element, ether, that made up the heavens. This author of Poetics and Nicomachean Ethics wrote a six-volume epic on logic, the Organon, and taught Alexander the Great. For 10 points, name this student of Plato.

Ans: Aristotle

10. Discovered in 1947, this body of water’s namesake texts discuss the histories of Christianity and Judaism. Split by the Al-Lisan Peninsula, it is largely absent of marine life and extremely buoyant due to high salinity. For 10 points, name this sea between Israel and Jordan.

Ans: Dead Sea (prompt on “Salt Sea”)

SECOND QUARTER

1. This device was launched from the Tyuratam mountain range in what is now the Baikonur Cosmodrome on October 4. It was used to determine the density of the upper atmosphere, and burned up on January 4, 1958. For ten points, what Soviet spacecraft became the first artificial Earth satellite?

ANS: Sputnik 1

BONUS: Which space shuttle also burned up on reentry in 2003, killing all the astronauts on board?

ANS: Columbia

2. One of this civilization’s rulers built a hypostyle hall at Abu Simbel and defeated a Hittite army at Kadesh. Another of its rulers, Djoser, built a tomb at Saqqara with the assistance of Imhotep. Howard Carter discovered the legendary tomb of one short-lived ruler in the Valley of the Kings. For ten points, what was this civilization once ruled by pharaohs?

ANS: Egypt

BONUS: A nose and beard are missing from which other famous Egyptian sculpture that sits in front of the pyramids at Giza?

ANS: the Great Sphinx

3. This President organized the creation of the Peace Corps and established the Alliance for Progress. During World War II he had served as commander of a small boat, called PT 109. He had to defuse tension with Nikita Khruschev in the Cuban Missile Crisis. For ten points, name this president assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in 1963?

ANS: John Fitzgerald Kennedy [accept JFK]

BONUS: A defining moment in Presidential campaigns came when JFK debated which opponent that he defeated in the 1960 election, a man who would later resign as President?

ANS: Richard Nixon

4. This nation was home to the Morant Bay Rebellion, and its first national hero was Marcus Garvey. This island-nation’s bobsled team was documented in the film Cool Runnings, and it contains the slum of Trenchtown. For ten points, what country has a capital at Kingston, and is home to both the Rastafarian Movement and singer Bob Marley?

ANS: Jamaica

BONUS: Jamaica is considered part of which cricket-playing group of nations, a subgroup of the Caribbean that contains English-speaking, Commonwealth countries?

ANS: West Indies

5. This conflict was preceded by a discovery by Erasmus Jacobs, and the Jameson Raid was an attempt to spark it. This war was supported by many British moguls who sought to acquire diamonds from the Orange Free State and Transvaal Region. For ten points, what war, the second of its name, saw the British fight the Dutch in South Africa?

ANS: Second Boer War

BONUS: Boer is the word for “farmer” in which language spoken widely in South Africa?

ANS: Afrikaans

6. This city-state declined in power following its defeat at the Battle of Leuctra, and its serfs were known as Helots. One of this city-state’s kings led a legendary stand at the Battle of Thermopylae. For ten points, what was this Ancient Greek city-state, once led by Leonidas, that was a rival of Athens and known for its military prowess?

ANS: Sparta

BONUS: In which series of wars did Sparta fight Athens?

ANS: Peloponnesian Wars

7. He made a vow to liberate his nation at Monte Sacro in Rome, and his infamous Letter to Jamaica declared all ties to Spain severed. Though born in Venezuela, he became the ruler of Gran Colombia and dictator of Peru. For 10 points, name this “libertador” of South America.

Ans: Simón Bolívar

BONUS: What sick leader of Venezuela has described his governing philosophy as Bolivarian socialism?

Ans: Hugo Chavez

8. One of his novels has Pip being given a fortune by the criminal Magwitch, that book is titled Great Expectations. Other novels by him depict a pickpocket nicknamed the Artful Dodger, three Christmas ghosts and Ebeneezer Scrooge. For 10 points, name this Victorian-era British author of Oliver Twist and A Christmas Carol.

Ans: Charles (John Huffam) Dickens

BONUS: Which historical novel by Dickens begins with the very famous line “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.”?

Ans: A Tale of Two Cities

THIRD QUARTER

Categories are Languages, Explorers, and Tunisian History

LANGUAGES

Identify these languages from historical clues

This was the primary language of the Western half of the Roman Empire

ans. Latin

The New Testament of the Bible was originally written in this language.

ans. ancient Greek

Boccaccio wrote The Decameron in an early form of this language

ans. Italian

This was the first language spoken by a man in outer space.

ans. Russian

5. Albert Einstein’s last words were spoken in this; his native language.

ans. German

6. The names for the months in this language changed during an 18th century revolution.

ans. French

7. This language spoken in the Pyrenees is unrelated to any other spoken language today.

ans. Basque

8. Milan Kundera originally wrote The Unbearable Lightness of Being in this language.

ans. Czech

EXPLORERS

Name the famous explorer from the given clue

This Danish navigator explored Alaska for the Russians and gave his name to a strait.
(Vitus Bering)
This Italian thought he had reached India when, in reality, he was in the Bahamas and had discovered the New World.
(Christopher Columbus)
This British naval captain explored Canada, Antarctica, Australia and New Zealand in the 1700s.
(James Cook)
This Portuguese navigator was the first European ever to round the Cape of Good Hope in 1488.
(Bartolomeu Dias)
This English admiral led the second circumnavigation of the Earth in the 1570s.
(Sir Francis Drake)
This Portuguese navigator’s voyages to India opened up new sea routes.
(Vasco da Gama)
This English navigator searched for the Northwest Passage and lent his name to a river in New York.
(Henry Hudson)
This explorer led the first voyage to circumnavigate the Earth, though he was killed in the Philippines.
(Ferdinand Magellan)

TUNISIAN HISTORY

Answer the following about Tunisian History and Culture

Almost all citizens of Tunisia are followers of which religion?
(Sunni Islam)
What is the official language of Tunisia?
(Arabic)
Which German general known as the Desert Fox, fought in Tunisia in World War 2?
(Erwin Rommel)
What country, now a crucial trading partner, colonized Tunisia from 1881 to 1956?
(Republic of France)
During World War Two, which country did Hitler give Tunisia to?
(Italy)
Identify all the colors on the Tunisian flag.
(red and white)
What did Tunisian fruit vendor Mohamed Bouazizi do in December 2010 to protest corruption?
He set himself on fire (accept: Killed himself.)

8. Which Palestinian Liberation Organization leader was once based in Tunisia?

a. (Yasir Arafat)

FOURTH QUARTER

1. This city is where Friedrich Nietzsche collapsed after throwing his arms around a horse that was being abused. The auto company (+) Fiat is an acronym that contains this city’s first initial due to its historic ties to this city. In the years prior to 2006, much of this city’s infrastructure was improved to prepare for the winter (*) Olympics. For ten points, name this capital of the Italian province of Piedmont near the Alps.

Ans: Turin or Torino

2. Johann Sebastian Bach once wrote a cantata celebrating this drink. Originally it is believed to have come from Ethiopia, and it grew in popularity in Europe after the (+) Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683. During World War II, American soldiers unaccustomed to the European variety of it would add water to it, thereby creating the (*) Americano variety of this drink. For ten points, name this beverage which surged in popularity during the Enlightenment in Europe where it kept scholars awake.

Ans: Coffee

3. Marguerite Yourcenar wrote a novel about this Roman emperor’sMemoirs. The only revolt that he had to put down occurred in Judea in 134 AD, and he (+) deified his partner Antinous after his accidental drowning in the Nile. This predecessor of Antoninus Pius and protégé of (*) Trajan built a fortification in northern England. For 10 points, name this Roman emperor who ruled from 117 to 138 and is known for his namesake Wall.

Ans:Caesar TraianusHadrianus Augustus, OR Publius AeliusHadrianus

4. These cases resulted in Giles Corey being pressed to death in the only such incident in U.S. history. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s grandfather was a judge in (+) these cases, which tales told by the slave Tituba instigated, and which Arthur Miller chronicled in a play to condemn the (*) McCarthy hearings,The Crucible. For 10 points, name these trials, in which 19 women in a Massachusetts Bay town were accused of consorting with the Devil.

Ans:Salem witchtrials

5. This rebellion was started by the secret society Yihetuan, who believed that their callisthenic rituals made them impervious to bullets. Their former enemy (+), the Qing Dynasty, proposed that they unite to rebel against Westerners. Cixi, the dowager empress, (*) fled to Xi’an after her order to kill all foreigners was repelled. For 10 points, name this 1900 peasant uprising in China led by the Righteous Fists.

Ans:BoxerRebellion

6. This city near Lake Ladoga is home to the Winter Palace and the Hermitage art museum. (+) This city was where the cruiser Aurora fired a signal shot while it was named Petrograd. It was later renamed (*) Leningrad during the 20th century. For ten points, what is this Russian city built during Peter the Great’s rule and meant to be a “window to the West”?

ANS: Saint Petersburg [accept Leningrad before mention]

7. Land for this structure was secured with the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty. (+) The locks in this structure were primarily built under the direction of George Washington Goethals, who dammed Lake (*) Gatun for this project. For ten points, what is this still active canal given back to its host country in 1999?

ANS: Panama Canal

8. This country was part of a planned confederation with Malaysia and Indonesia called Mahphilindo, and its first president was Emilio (+) Aguinaldo. This country contains the island Mindanao, and was the location of the Battle of (*) Leyte Gulf. For ten points, what is this Pacific Island nation whose largest island is Luzon and which was also the site during the Spanish American War, of the Battle of Manila Bay?