Human Anatomy and Physiology I s1

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I

LAB WORKSHEET 4

LOWER LIMB

Lower Limb Specimen

Identify and describe the action or function of the following:

Quadriceps femoris muscle, tendon

Sartorius

Iliotibial tract. What muscle(s) (removed) connect to it?

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Gracilis

Medial, lateral heads of gastrocnemius

Soleus

Fibularis longus (peroneus longus)

Fibularis brevis (peroneus brevis)

Calcaneal tendon

Flexor retinacula (medial & lateral)

Extensor retinacula (superior & inferior)

Tibialis anterior

Extensor hallicis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and their tendons

Tibialis posterior

Tendons of flexor hallicis longus, flexor digitorum longus

Lower Limb Specimen - with superficial musculature removed

Identify and describe the action or function of the following:

Cut ends of medial & lateral heads of gastrocnemius

Cut ends of soleus

Cut ends of rectus femoris

Cut ends of biceps femoris

Cut ends of semimembranosus

Calcaneal tendon and distal end of soleus

Tibialis anterior & tendon

Extensor hallicis longus, extensor digitorum longus, & their tendons

Articular surface of talus

Calcaneus

Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicis longus (follow the tendons!)

Tibialis posterior (follow tendon)

Cut edges of medial & lateral flexor retinicula

Fibularis longus & tendon

Fibularis brevis & tendon

Knee

Which side? Identify and describe the action or function of the following:

Medial & lateral condyles & epicondyles of femur

Note appearance & feel of articular cartilage

Vastus intermedius, rectus femoris

Quadriceps femoris tendon, patellar tendon

Patella, patellar surface of femur

Tibiofibular joint capsule

ACL, PCL

Medial & lateral menisci

Medial & lateral popliteal ligaments

Tibial, fibular collateral ligament

Tibial tuberosity

Skeleton

Identify origins and insertions of the following muscles. On the model skeletons, the origin and insertion for a specific muscle have matching numbers. What pattern do you notice about the use of red and blue on the skeletons? Muscles with multiple origins have a, b, etc. after the number, and you should find all of them. For example, there will be separate spots marked 99a and 99b for the two heads of biceps femoris, and one spot marked 99 for its insertion. (The actual number might not be 99, but that’s the idea.) As you do this, think about the relationship of the origin and insertion for each muscle. This relationship determines the muscle’s action: when the muscle contracts, it pulls the origin and insertion closer together.

Iliopsoas (both parts: iliacus and psoas major)

Rectus femoris

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Hamstrings:

Biceps femoris

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Tibialis anterior

Gastrocnemius