The Basics of Life: Chemistry
Multiple Choice Questions
1.An atom that has gained electrons is a
A.Reactant
B.Negative ion
C.Positive ion
D.Compound ion
2.An atom with twelve electrons, twelve protons, and fourteen neutrons has a mass number of
A.Fourteen
B.Twenty-four
C.Thirty-eight
D.Twenty-six
3.A hydroxide ion has an oxygen atom
A.Only
B.And an extra electron
C.And a hydrogen atom, and an extra electron
D.And a hydrogen atom, and an extra proton
4.A negative charge is characteristic of a(n)
A.Positive ion
B.Electron
C.Neutron
D.Proton
5.Solutions are always comprised of
A.Solvents and solute
B.Liquids and solids
C.Water and salts
D.Compounds and ions
6.The greatest amount of kinetic energy is found in
A.Gases
B.Liquids
C.Solids
D.Colloids
7.All chemical reactions
A.Involve the creation of new atoms
B.Involve a change in chemical bonds
C.Are dangerous
D.Create energy
8.A covalent bond is
A.The attraction that one atom has for another atom
B.The attraction between two atoms, formed by the sharing of electrons
C.Formed between the positive charge of a hydrogen atom in one molecule and the negative charge of a nitrogen atom in another nearby molecule
D.The attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion
9.Protons = 7, neutrons = 10, electrons = 7. The mass number of this atom is
A.Seven
B.Ten
C.Fourteen
D.Seventeen
10.An acid is a substance that, in solution, releases
A.Oxygen ions in H2SO4
B.Hydrogen ions, for example, HCl
C.—COOR ions from beer
D.Chloride ions from NaCl
11.A particle in the atom that has neither a negative nor a positive electrical charge is the
A.Electron
B.Element
C.Isotope
D.Neutron
12.In the expression C6H12O6 ® 2C2H5OH + 2CO2, the products are
A.C6H12O6
B.C6H12O6 + zymase
C.zymase + 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
D.2C2H5OH + 2CO2
13.The correct symbol for a hydroxide ion is
A.H-
B.H+
C.(OH)-
D.(OH)+
14.Kinetic energy is BEST defined as
A.The energy of position
B.The energy of electrical charge
C.The energy of motion
D.Stored energy
15.Which one of the following statements is FALSE concerning matter?
A.Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
B.Air is matter
C.All matter has the same density
D.The phases of matter are determined by the relative amounts of energy in the matter's molecules
16.When two atoms share a pair of electrons, this type of chemical bond is
A.Ionic
B.Covalent
C.Hydrogen
D.Negative-positive
17.Given that an unknown atom's mass number (AMU) is 27, its combination of particles could be
A.27 electrons, 16 neutrons, and 16 protons
B.27 neutrons, 27 protons, and 27 electrons
C.15 neutrons, 12 electrons, and 15 protons
D.16 electrons, 11 neutrons, and 16 protons
18.A base can be defined as
A.A hydroxide ion acceptor
B.An attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion
C.A substance that gives up hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
D.A substance that gives up hydroxide groups in a solution
19.The smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of that element is a(n)
A.Atom
B.Proton
C.Electron
D.Element
20.A chemical reactant is one that
A.Enters into a chemical reaction
B.Is the newly formed molecule
C.Is at a point when both sides of the equation are equal
D.During photosynthesis, is one molecule of sugar and six molecules of oxygen
21.An isotope is an atom of an element that varies in mass number due to variation in the number of
A.Atoms
B.Protons
C.Neutrons
D.Electrons
22.A substance that is a solid
A.Contains a large amount of oxygen
B.Contains molecules that are packed tightly together and vibrate in place
C.Is bonded very tightly (covalent)
D.Contains a large amount of hydrogen bonds
23.An atom that has lost electrons is a(n)
A.Cation ion
B.Neutral atom
C.Molecule
D.Anion ion
24.If a particular atom has 27 electrons, 27 protons, and 31 neutrons, its mass number would be
A.52
B.54
C.56
D.58
25.A solution that contains an excess of protons is(are)
A.Hydroxide ions
B.An acid
C.A base
D.The pH
26.AgNO3 + NaCl ® AgCl + NaNO3. The AgNO3 in the equation is called a(n)
A.Reactant
B.Acid
C.Product
D.Base
27.An isotope shows which of the following?
A.A change in atomic number
B.Inability to form compounds
C.A change in mass number
D.More electrons
28.A material composed of atoms vibrating in place
A.Has high kinetic energy and is a gas
B.Has low kinetic energy and is a liquid
C.Has low kinetic energy and is a solid
D.Has high kinetic energy and is a solid
29.Which of the following is a chemical reaction that is also known as digestion?
A.Phosphorylation
B.Dehydration synthesis
C.Acid-base
D.Hydrolysis
30.Which kind of chemical reaction involves the attachment or removal of a phosphate group?
A.Oxidation-reduction
B.Acid phosphorylation
C.Phosphorylation
D.Hydrolysis
31.Which of the following is an acid?
A.K2SO4
B.NaNO3
C.CaCO3
D.H3PO4
32.An atomic particle with a weight of one, and a positive electrical charge is a(n)
A.Electron
B.Proton
C.Neutron
D.Isotope
33.6CO2 + 6H2O ® C6H12O2 + 6O2. In this reaction O2 is
A.A reactant
B.A product
C.A reactant and a product
D.Neither a reactant nor a product
34.One atom of sodium has a mass number of 22 units; another atom of sodium is 23 units. These two atoms are
A.Nonreactive
B.Unstable
C.Ions
D.Isotopes
35.Which kind of attractive force holds two molecules together?
A.Ionic bond
B.Hydrogen bond
C.Covalent bond
D.Sticky bond
36.A solution with a high concentration of hydrogen ions could have a pH of
A.2
B.6
C.9
D.11
37.The attraction between a positively charged atom and a negatively charged atom within the same molecule is
A.Ionic bonding
B.Hydrogen bonding
C.Covalent bonding
D.Ions
38.A scale used to indicate the strength of an acid or base is called a ____ scale.
A.Thermodynamic
B.Aquatic
C.pH
D.Reduction
39.The part of an atom without a charge is a(n)
A.Ion
B.Neutron
C.Electron
D.Molecule
40.Which of the following indicates "reactant"? C6H12O6 + O2 ® CO2 + 6H2O
A.C6H12O6 + O2
B.H2O
C.CO2
D.None of the choices is correct
41.In the expression 2H2S + 3O2 ® 2H2O + SO2, which is the acid?
A.H2S
B.O2
C.SO2
D.H2O
42.An ion having eleven protons, twelve neutrons, and ten electrons will have a charge of
A.+
B.-
C.++
D.--
43.A list of all of the elements in order of increasing atomic number is called the
A.pH
B.Law of thermodynamics
C.Phase of matter
D.Periodic table
44.The mass of a given volume of matter is expressed as
A.Weight
B.Energy
C.Density
D.Gravity
45.The reaction C6H12O6 + O2 ® CO2 + 6H2O is which type of chemical reaction?
A.Hydrolysis
B.Transfer
C.Dehydration synthesis
D.Oxidation-reduction
46.Which rule states that atoms attempt to acquire an outermost energy level with eight electrons through chemical reactions?
A.Octet
B.Atomic stability
C.Hybridization
D.Full energy level
47.A person jogging displays what kind of energy?
A.Potential
B.Kinetic
C.Nuclear
D.Sweat
48.HCl + NaOH ® NaCl + H2O. This reaction is an example of a(n)
A.Oxidation/reduction reaction
B.Hydrolysis reaction
C.Phosphorylation reaction
D.Acid-base reaction
49.The atomic number for carbon is 6. The isotope 14C has ____ neutrons.
A.6
B.8
C.14
D.20
50.Given that an unknown atom's mass is 11, its combination of subatomic particles could be
A.11 protons, 11 neutrons, and 11 electrons
B.6 protons, 5 neutrons, and 11 electrons
C.4 protons, 3 neutrons, and 4 electrons
D.5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons
51.One molecule of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) contains ____ atoms.
A.6
B.5
C.4
D.3
52.The statement that energy is never created or destroyed is known as
A.Thermodynamics
B.Kinetic molecular theory
C.First law of matter and energy
D.Law of conservation of energy
53.Which one of the following rows BEST represents a gas in relation to a solid or liquid of the same compound?
A.Row 1
B.Row 2
C.Row 3
D.Row 4
54.Which one of the following is TRUE with regard to the numbers of subatomic particles in an atom?
A.The number of neutrons always equals the number of protons
B.The number of electrons always equals the number of neutrons
C.The atomic number always equals the number of protons
D.The atomic number always equals the number of neutrons
55.The fact that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion is known as the
A.First law of thermodynamics
B.Energy motion theory
C.Kinetic molecular theory
D.First law of solids
56.The formulation Ca++Cl-2, indicates
A.Covalent bonding between one calcium atom and two chlorine atoms
B.One calcium ion that has gained two electrons and formed ionic bonds with two chloride ions that have each lost one electron
C.One calcium atom with two protons and two chlorine atoms that share one electron
D.One calcium ion that has lost two electrons and formed ionic bonds with two chloride ions that have each gained one electron
57.One atomic mass unit (AMU) approximately equals the mass of one
A.Proton
B.Electron
C.Nucleus
D.Proton plus the mass of one neutron
58.A bond in which the positive end of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative end of another polar molecule is a(n)
A.Covalent bond
B.Ionic bond
C.Electron bond
D.Hydrogen bond
59.When a pencil falls from a tabletop to the floor
A.Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy
B.Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy
C.Energy is created
D.Energy is destroyed
60.The pH of a strong base is closest to
A.2
B.6
C.9
D.12
61.A neutral atom with an atomic number of 15 will have ____ electrons in its outermost energy level.
A.3
B.5
C.8
D.15
62.Which one of the following represents the correct mass, location, and charge of a proton?
A.Row 1
B.Row 2
C.Row 3
D.Row 4
63.The higher the pH,
A.The greater the hydroxide ion concentration
B.The more acidic the solution
C.The greater the hydrogen ion concentration
D.The lower the pH number
64.A difference between an acid and a base is that
A.Acids are harmful and bases are not
B.Acids release hydroxide ions and bases release hydrogen ions
C.Acids have a high pH value and bases have a low pH value
D.Acids have a low pH value and bases have a high pH value
65.A magnesium ion contains twelve protons and ten electrons. A chloride ion contains seventeen protons and eighteen electrons. Given this information, the chemical formula for magnesium chloride is
A.MgCl
B.Mg2Cl
C.MgCl2
D.Mg2Cl2
66.Which reaction below produces a salt?
A.KOH + H2O ® K+ + OH- + H2O
B.HC2H3O2 + H2O ® C2H3O2- + H+ + H2O
C.HCl + NaOH ® NaCl + H2O
D.C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ® C12H22O11 + H2O
67.Fluorine has the atomic number 9. The correct notation for a fluoride ion is
A.F-
B.F--
C.F+
D.F++
68.The energy level listed below with the most energetic electrons is
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.None of these. All energy levels contain electrons of equal energy
69.An atom that contains 8 electrons in its outermost energy level is said to be
A.Inert
B.Reactive
C.A cation
D.A molecule
70.Which of the following is monatomic?
A.He
B.H2
C.O2
D.N2
Essay Questions
71.List and define two types of chemical bonds.
COVALENT -- attractive force between two atoms that share electrons
IONIC -- attractive force between ions of opposite charge
HYDROGEN -- attractive force between polar molecules
Multiple Choice Questions
72.In which one of the following situations do the molecules have the greatest amount of energy?
A.Ice in a Coke
B.Cold tap water
C.Water vapor
D.Water condensed on your windshield
73.If an atom has the atomic number 4 and the atomic mass 9.012 it will
A.Have 5 electrons
B.Have 5 neutrons
C.Have 9 electrons
D.Weigh 13.012 atomic mass units
74.A measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules making up a substance is known as
A.Temperature
B.Heat
C.Potential
D.Phase of matter
75.Which of the following would have the smallest number of hydrogen ions (H+)?
A.A solution with the pH 2
B.A solution with the pH 6
C.A container of acetic acid (vinegar)
D.A container of a strong base
76.In which one of the following situations do the molecules have the greatest attraction for one another?
A.An ice cube
B.Cold tap water
C.Water vapor
D.Water condensed on your windshield
77.If an atom has the atomic number 4 and the atomic mass 9.012 it will have ______electrons in the first energy level.
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
78.If an atom has the atomic number 11 and the atomic mass 22.99, it will have
A.1 electron in the third energy level
B.1 electron in the second energy level
C.3 electrons in the fourth energy level
D.1 electron in the first energy level
79.Which of the following would have the largest number of hydrogen ions (H+)?
A.A solution with the pH 11
B.A solution with the pH 8
C.A container of acetic acid (vinegar)
D.A container of a strong base
80.Which combination of elements is most likely to undergo a chemical reaction based on their positions in the Periodic Table of the Elements?
A.Na and Cl
B.Na and Mg
C.F and Ne
D.All would react
81.The lower the ______, the slower the molecules are moving.
A.Density
B.Temperature
C.Potential energy
D.Gravity
82.The fact that the atomic weight of carbon is 12.0112 probably indicates that carbon atoms vary in the number of ______they contain.
A.Electrons
B.Protons
C.Neutrons
D.Nuclei
83.Human blood has a pH of about 7.4. If the pH should change to 7.0, this would indicate
A.A decrease in pH
B.An increase in acidity
C.A change in electrolytes
D.All the choices are correct
84.When you sprinkle table salt on your food, the salt
A.Ionizes
B.Dissociates
C.Forms covalent bonds with the food
D.Undergoes an acid-base reaction
85.The type of chemical bond that holds OH- and H+ together is
A.Ionic
B.Covalent
C.Hydrogen
D.All the choices are correct
86.Which of the following is a base or alkaline material?
A.NaOH
B.HCl
C.H2SO4
D.NaCl
87.Which of the following is an acid?
A.NaOH
B.HOH
C.H2SO4
D.NaCl
88.Which of the following is a salt?
A.NaOH
B.HOH
C.H2SO4
D.MgCl2
89.What is happening here?
Water + NaCl ® Na+ + Cl-
A.A solution of ions is prepared
B.The dissociation of ions
C.Movement of an electron from the outermost energy level of Na to the outermost energy level of Cl
D.All the choices are true
90.Why is the following reaction considered to be dehydration synthesis?
H-NH3C2O-OH + H-NH3C2O-OH ® H-NH3C2O- NH3C2O-OH + H-OH
A.Water molecules are hidden in the products H-NH3C2O-NH3C2O-OH
B.This is the same reaction that occurs during digestion and water is required
C.Water molecules are formed as a result of the breakdown of H-NH3C2O-NH3C2O-OH
D.Water molecules are formed as a new, more complex end product is formed