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Table S1Pearson’s correlationcoefficients (r) between the six morphological variables measured and the structural body size index (PC1) for males (above the diagonal) and females (below the diagonal). All values are significant (P < 0.001).

Femur length / Femur width / Pronotum length / Head length / Tegmen length / Tibia length / PC1
Femur length / - / 0.746 / 0.819 / 0.693 / 0.822 / 0.893 / 0.944
Femur width / 0.756 / - / 0.690 / 0.494 / 0.635 / 0.706 / 0.824
Pronotum length / 0.809 / 0.708 / - / 0.625 / 0.735 / 0.699 / 0.866
Head length / 0.757 / 0.609 / 0.574 / - / 0.639 / 0.680 / 0.813
Tegmen length / 0.772 / 0.626 / 0.644 / 0.624 / - / 0.731 / 0.868
Tibia length / 0.921 / 0.727 / 0.786 / 0.701 / 0.752 / - / 0.896
PC1 / 0.954 / 0.845 / 0.859 / 0.820 / 0.840 / 0.929 / -

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Table S2 GLMs for the association between structural body size (PC1) and sex and locality/genetic cluster. Individuals were grouped on the basis of three criteria: (A) sampling locality, (B) mtDNA clusters, and (C) microsatellite clusters.

Model / Test / P
(A) Sampling localities
Sex / F1, 426 = 6201.09 / <0.001
Locality / F23, 426 = 21.02 / <0.001
Sex × Locality / F23, 426 = 3.08 / <0.001
(B) mtDNA clusters
Sex / F1, 468 = 1578.44 / <0.001
mtDNA cluster / F2, 468 = 28.30 / <0.001
Sex × mtDNA cluster / F2, 468 = 5.13 / 0.006
(C) Microsatellite clusters
Sex / F1, 460 = 2499.78 / <0.001
Microsatellite cluster / F6, 460 = 32.85 / <0.001
Sex × Microsatellite cluster / F6, 460 = 3.86 / 0.001

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Table S3 Pair-wise population values of morphological divergence (structural body size, PC1) for males (above the diagonal) and females (below the diagonal). Values in bold are statistically significant after sequential Bonferroni corrections (P < 0.05). Only localities with five or more sampled individuals for each sex are indicated.

mtDNA / 1 / 2 / 3
Micro / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7
Micro / 1.1 / 1.2 / 1.3 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5.1 / 5.2 / 6 / 7.1 / 7.2
UTX / SAL / CHI / GRA / OCA / HUE / VIL / CER / ALT / LON / LAR / TIR / PEN / QUE / LSA / YEG / SCO / ALC / MAN / COR / AGR / MAR / TIN / CAS
UTX / - / 0.217 / 0.154 / 0.096 / 0.054 / 0.019 / 0.250 / 0.228 / 0.153 / 0.307 / 0.095 / 0.157 / 0.186 / 0.186 / 0.238 / 0.088 / 0.261 / 0.247 / 0.181 / 0.744 / 0.526 / 0.457 / 0.085 / 0.250
Sal / - / - / 0.062 / 0.121 / 0.163 / 0.236 / 0.466 / 0.011 / 0.063 / 0.090 / 0.121 / 0.060 / 0.031 / 0.031 / 0.021 / 0.129 / 0.044 / 0.030 / 0.036 / 0.528 / 0.310 / 0.240 / 0.131 / 0.466
Chi / 0.149 / - / - / 0.059 / 0.101 / 0.174 / 0.404 / 0.074 / 0.001 / 0.152 / 0.059 / 0.002 / 0.031 / 0.031 / 0.084 / 0.067 / 0.106 / 0.092 / 0.026 / 0.590 / 0.372 / 0.303 / 0.069 / 0.404
Gra / - / - / - / - / 0.042 / 0.115 / 0.346 / 0.132 / 0.058 / 0.211 / 0.000 / 0.061 / 0.090 / 0.090 / 0.142 / 0.008 / 0.165 / 0.151 / 0.085 / 0.648 / 0.431 / 0.361 / 0.011 / 0.346
Oca / 0.495 / - / 0.345 / - / - / 0.073 / 0.304 / 0.174 / 0.100 / 0.253 / 0.041 / 0.103 / 0.132 / 0.132 / 0.184 / 0.034 / 0.207 / 0.193 / 0.127 / 0.690 / 0.473 / 0.403 / 0.031 / 0.304
Hue / 0.203 / - / 0.053 / - / 0.292 / - / 0.230 / 0.247 / 0.173 / 0.326 / 0.115 / 0.176 / 0.205 / 0.205 / 0.257 / 0.107 / 0.280 / 0.266 / 0.200 / 0.763 / 0.546 / 0.476 / 0.105 / 0.230
Vil / 0.777 / - / 0.628 / - / 0.283 / 0.575 / - / 0.478 / 0.403 / 0.557 / 0.345 / 0.406 / 0.436 / 0.435 / 0.488 / 0.337 / 0.510 / 0.496 / 0.430 / 0.994 / 0.776 / 0.707 / 0.335 / 0.000
Cer / 0.233 / - / 0.084 / - / 0.261 / 0.031 / 0.544 / - / 0.075 / 0.079 / 0.133 / 0.071 / 0.042 / 0.042 / 0.010 / 0.140 / 0.032 / 0.019 / 0.047 / 0.516 / 0.298 / 0.229 / 0.143 / 0.478
Alt / 0.312 / - / 0.163 / - / 0.182 / 0.110 / 0.465 / 0.079 / - / 0.153 / 0.058 / 0.003 / 0.032 / 0.032 / 0.085 / 0.066 / 0.107 / 0.093 / 0.027 / 0.591 / 0.373 / 0.304 / 0.068 / 0.403
Lon / 0.080 / - / 0.229 / - / 0.574 / 0.282 / 0.857 / 0.313 / 0.392 / - / 0.212 / 0.150 / 0.121 / 0.121 / 0.069 / 0.219 / 0.046 / 0.060 / 0.126 / 0.437 / 0.220 / 0.150 / 0.222 / 0.557
Lar / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 0.061 / 0.091 / 0.090 / 0.143 / 0.008 / 0.165 / 0.151 / 0.085 / 0.649 / 0.431 / 0.362 / 0.010 / 0.345
Tir / 0.361 / - / 0.212 / - / 0.134 / 0.158 / 0.416 / 0.127 / 0.049 / 0.441 / - / - / 0.029 / 0.029 / 0.081 / 0.069 / 0.104 / 0.090 / 0.024 / 0.587 / 0.370 / 0.300 / 0.071 / 0.407
Pen / 0.240 / - / 0.091 / - / 0.255 / 0.037 / 0.537 / 0.007 / 0.072 / 0.320 / - / 0.121 / - / 0.000 / 0.052 / 0.098 / 0.075 / 0.061 / 0.005 / 0.558 / 0.341 / 0.271 / 0.101 / 0.436
Que / 0.138 / - / 0.012 / - / 0.357 / 0.065 / 0.639 / 0.096 / 0.174 / 0.217 / - / 0.223 / 0.102 / - / 0.052 / 0.098 / 0.075 / 0.061 / 0.005 / 0.559 / 0.341 / 0.271 / 0.100 / 0.435
Lsa / 0.077 / - / 0.226 / - / 0.572 / 0.280 / 0.854 / 0.310 / 0.389 / 0.003 / - / 0.438 / 0.317 / 0.215 / - / 0.150 / 0.023 / 0.009 / 0.057 / 0.506 / 0.288 / 0.219 / 0.153 / 0.488
Yeg / 0.451 / - / 0.301 / - / 0.044 / 0.248 / 0.326 / 0.217 / 0.139 / 0.530 / - / 0.090 / 0.211 / 0.313 / 0.528 / - / 0.173 / 0.159 / 0.093 / 0.656 / 0.439 / 0.369 / 0.002 / 0.337
Sco / 0.213 / - / 0.063 / - / 0.282 / 0.010 / 0.565 / 0.021 / 0.100 / 0.292 / - / 0.148 / 0.027 / 0.075 / 0.290 / 0.238 / - / 0.014 / 0.080 / 0.484 / 0.266 / 0.197 / 0.175 / 0.510
Alc / 0.197 / - / 0.347 / - / 0.692 / 0.400 / 0.975 / 0.431 / 0.509 / 0.118 / - / 0.558 / 0.437 / 0.335 / 0.120 / 0.648 / 0.410 / - / 0.066 / 0.498 / 0.280 / 0.210 / 0.161 / 0.496
Man / 0.238 / - / 0.088 / - / 0.257 / 0.035 / 0.539 / 0.004 / 0.074 / 0.317 / - / 0.123 / 0.002 / 0.100 / 0.315 / 0.213 / 0.025 / 0.435 / - / 0.564 / 0.346 / 0.276 / 0.095 / 0.430
Cor / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 0.218 / 0.287 / 0.659 / 0.994
Agr / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 0.069 / 0.441 / 0.776
Mar / 0.202 / - / 0.351 / - / 0.696 / 0.404 / 0.979 / 0.435 / 0.514 / 0.122 / - / 0.563 / 0.442 / 0.339 / 0.125 / 0.652 / 0.414 / 0.004 / 0.439 / - / - / - / 0.372 / 0.707
Tin / 0.514 / - / 0.365 / - / 0.020 / 0.311 / 0.263 / 0.281 / 0.202 / 0.594 / - / 0.153 / 0.274 / 0.376 / 0.591 / 0.063 / 0.302 / 0.711 / 0.276 / - / - / 0.716 / - / 0.335
Cas / 0.943 / - / 0.794 / - / 0.448 / 0.740 / 0.166 / 0.710 / 0.631 / 1.023 / - / 0.582 / 0.703 / 0.805 / 1.020 / 0.492 / 0.730 / 1.140 / 0.705 / - / - / 1.145 / 0.429 / -

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Fig. 1SStructural body size (PC1) in relation with sex (males: open circles; females: solid circles) and populations. Populations were grouped on the basis of three criteria: (A) sampling locality, (B) mtDNA-based clusters, and (C, D) microsatellite-based clusters. Population and cluster codes are described in Table 1 in the printed version of this article.

Fig. 2S Correlation between genetic (FST) and morphological divergence (structural body size, PC1) for the Iberian populations of Mioscirtus wagneri considering (A) mtDNA (Mantel tests, males: r = -0.019, P = 0.397; females: r = 0.112, P = 0.070) and (B) microsatellite markers (Mantel tests, males: r = 0.135, P = 0.026; females: r = 0.241, P < 0.001). Males: open circles, solid lines; Females: filled circles, dashed lines.