Allergologia et Immunopathologia Vol.37 Núm. :129-34
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr).2009; 37 :129-34
Allergologia et Immunopathologia
Calculating the prevalence of atopy in children
Por Jesús Garde a, Daniel Hervás a, Núria Marco a, José Manuel Milan a, M.Dolores Martos a
a Department of Pediatric Allergy, Elche General University Hospital, Elche, Spain
Background: Atopy is an important risk factor for asthma, rhinitis, atopic eczema and urticaria. For this reason, several studies have been done to determine the prevalence of atopy in the paediatric population. The important differences among these studies do not allow the extrapolating of results. In this study, we calculate the prevalence of atopy and atopy-related diseases in a paediatric population using a different methodology.
Methods: Retrospective study among children referred for drug allergy in which the latter was discarded. We evaluated the prevalence of atopy (measured by allergen sensitisation), asthma, rhinitis, urticaria, atopic eczema and their characteristics.
Results: Three hundred and forty-two patients were studied for adverse drug reaction. This was discarded in 325/342 patients. 20 % of the children in the sample were atopic. Atopy prevalence increased with age. Some atopy related disease was observed in 83/325 (25.5 %) children. Among these children allergen sensitisation increased from 42.3 % in the 0-3 years age group to 93.3 % in the 7-14 age group (p < 0.0001). Prevalence of asthma was 11.5 %, 10.2 % and 7 % in the 0-3, 4-6 and 7-14 age groups, respectively. Prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis increased through age groups with a prevalence of 20 % among the 7 to 14-year old children.
Conclusion: The use of this type of methodology seems to be correct to estimate the prevalence of atopy. Prevalence of allergen sensitisation is very high among 7 to 14-year old children with asthma and/or rhinoconjunctivitis.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr).2009; 37 :129-34
Palabras clave: Atopy; Asthma; Prevalence; Rhinoconjunctivitis; Urticaria; Dermatitis; Methodology
Calculating the prevalence of atopy in children
Background: Atopy is an important risk factor for asthma, rhinitis, atopic eczema and urticaria. For this reason, several studies have been done to determine the prevalence of atopy in the paediatric population. The important differences among these studies do not allow the extrapolating of results. In this study, we calculate the prevalence of atopy and atopy-related diseases in a paediatric population using a different methodology.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr).2009; 37 :129-34
Allergologia et Immunopathologia
Ambroxol-induced systemic contact dermatitis confirmed by positive patch test
Por Susana Monzón a, María del MarGarcés b, Apolinar Lezaun b, Juan Fraj b, M. Asunción Dominguez b, Carlos Colás b
a Allergy Department, Consorcio de SALUD, Ejea, Zaragoza, Spain
b Allergy Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario “Lozano Blesa”, Zaragoza, Spain
Ambroxol-induced systemic contact dermatitis confirmed by positive patch test
To the Editor:
Ambroxol hydrochloride (trans-4-(2-amino-3,5-dibromobenzylamino) cyclohexanol hydrochloride) is a bromexine metabolite1 (Fig. 1). Both ambroxol and brom ...
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr).2009; 37(03) :167-8
Palabras clave: null
Ambroxol-induced systemic contact dermatitis confirmed by positive patch test
To the Editor:
Ambroxol hydrochloride (trans-4-(2-amino-3,5-dibromobenzylamino) cyclohexanol hydrochloride) is a bromexine metabolite1 (Fig. 1). Both ambroxol and bromexine are well known mucolytics and ambroxol has also been used in clinical trials for the prevention of chronic bronchitis and respiratory distress syndrome in infant.
Figure 1. Chemical structures of bromexine and ambroxol.
A 79-year-old woman presented a maculopapular rash with intense pruritus. She had taken ambroxol, acetaminophen, and codeine for 4 days at doses of 90 mg/day, 1,500 mg/day and 90 mg/day respectively, prescribed for odynophagia. On clinical examination there was a generalised maculopapular exanthematous eruption, with furfuraceous desquamation and intense erythema. The mucosa was spared. She was treated with hydratation, antihistamines, and oral corticosteroids and the skin lesions resolved within a week. After this episode the patient tolerated acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid. She had no personal and familiar history of atopic diseases.
Patch tests were performed, according to the guidelines of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group, with the GEIDC standard series, ambroxol (10 % pet) and codeine (10 % pet).
Positive reaction was found to ambroxol at 48 hours (++) which increased at 96 (+++) (Fig. 2), and negative to codeine and the standard series. Patch tests were negative in 10 controls. The oral challenge was not carried out for ethical reasons.
Nota: este producto es frecuentemente usado en nuestro país (Venezuela) como estimulante de síntesis y liberación de surfactante-fludificante y expectorante como el Ambril, Ambrocal, Ambromuco compositum adulto y pediátrico, Ambromuco gotas, AmbroxAmbroxol, Ambroxol clorhidrato, Benflux, Klas cap. y jarabe (éste muy frecuentemente relacionado con problemas alérgico sistémicos) Mucorama, Mucosolvan, Xolvax jarabae adulto y pediátrico, en lo personal hemos diagnosticado clínicamente un número importante de pacientes con reacciones alérgicas en donde el Ambroxol esta implicado, ahora esta forma clínica de dermatitis de contacto sistémica no la conocíamos.