Study Guide for Chapter 4 Name: ______
Rocks Date: ______Period: ______
Test Date: ______
Section 4.1 The Rock Cycle
1. What is the rock cycle? The series of process in which a rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological process
2. What are the stages or steps of the rock cycle? Cooling magma/lava, weathering and erosion, melting, compaction and cementation.
3. What step in the rock cycle helps sedimentary rock to form? Compaction and cementation
4. What step in the rock cycle helps igneous rock to form? Cooling magma and lava
5. How was Stone Mountain formed? Cooling magma and lava
6. What type or types of rock can change to form sedimentary rock? All of them
7. Below, draw in detail the rock cycle. Include words like: sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic, erosion, melting, cooling, solidification, weathering, compaction, cementation, sediment, etc…
Rock classification:
8. Grains give a rock its TEXTURE
9. What is a rock made up of? (What determines the composition of a rock?) Minerals
10. How do geologists determine how to describe a rock’s texture? Why is it important? Based on the grain size, shape, and position – it is important because it allows the geologist to know how the rock formed
Section 4.2 Igneous Rocks
11. What are igneous rocks and how are they formed? Igneous rocks are rocks that form from magma or lava.
12. What are fine-grained rocks? Give an example. Rocks with small grains… ex: Basalt
13. What are coarse-grained rocks? Give an example. Rocks with large grains… ex: Granite
14. Describe the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. Intrusive rocks form under the earth’s surface from magma and are large grained and Extrusive rocks form above earth’s surface from lava and are fine grained.
15. What is the difference between mafic rocks and felsic rock? Mafic rocks are dark and felsic rocks are light
Section 4.3 Sedimentary Rocks
16. What is the difference between Sedimentary Rocks and Igneous rocks? Sedimentary rocks are formed from compaction and cementation of sediments and igneous rocks are formed form cooling magma and lava.
17. The type of type of sedimentary rock is made of particles of other rocks that includes sandstone, shale, conglomerate and breccia is called CLASTIC.
18. What are sediments and how are they created? Sediments are small pieces of rock and soil (like sand) and are created from weathering and erosion.
19. Describe erosion? Erosion is the movement of sediment
20. Describe deposition? Is the place the sediment ends up
21. Describe compaction?
Layer upon layer of sediment builds up and the pressure from the upper layers pushes down on the lower layers.
Only SMALL sediments will stick together to form rock. ex. Clay/shale
22. Describe cementation?
Water soaks through soil and rock. The water dissolves minerals in soil and rock.
The solution of minerals and water moves between the sediments.
The sediments stick together when the minerals crystallize.
Common with LARGE sediments
23. Describe clastic rocks? Give some examples.
Formed from broken fragments of other rocks. Ex: Conglomerate and Breccia
24. Describe organic rocks? Give some examples.
Formed from organic material such as shells and pieces of bones. Ex… limestone
25. Describe chemical rocks? Give some examples.
Formed from minerals crystallizing out of a solution
Section 4.4 Metamorphic Rocks
26. Describe metamorphism. When a rock changes from one type of rock to a metamorphic rock
27. How do geologists classify metamorphic rocks? If they are foliated or nonfoliated
28. Describe the difference between foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic rock. Provide examples of rocks!
Foliated - layers or bands ex: gneiss
Non foliated – no pattern in the rock Ex: marble
29. Where does most metamorphic rock form? DEEP under ground
30. What are the forces that change any rock into a metamorphic rock? Heat and pressure
31. Where does the heat that changes a rock into a metamorphic rock come from? Deep underground
32. What is an example of rocks that forms metamorphic rock? Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.
** You will have to identify rocks during the test… I will have 4 different rocks on the table and you will have to identify and describe their properties and characteristics. Practice with the examples below.
Helpful Hints:
1. Come to the study session at 8:15 am the morning of the test.
2. Complete this study guide.
3. Read and reread chapter 4.
4. Recopy your notes with your favorite pen.
5. Come see me if you have any questions.
6. Remember… you are very smart and believe in yourself!