Focus: Begin with WWI and trace the development of the Pacifist or Anti-War movement in America. Who were leaders during each major war of this movement? What was the response of our government and of the general public toward the pacifists? What did they all have in common and what was significantly different about the anti-war movements during WWI , WWII, Vietnam and Iraq -- can a war ironically lead to peace? Were the hippies the first anti-war activists or just the loudest? Find out what these groups stood for and why they were or were not successful in bringing peace to America.
For JSTOR, click here (use advanced search)
For Academic Search Premiere, click here
Note: any word underlined and in BLUE is a link, just press “Ctrl” and left click your mouse.
To open any of these sites, place your mouse over the title and then press “Ctrl” and left click your mouse
/ / / / /
ABC-CLIO / Books Magazines / Conscientious Objector Project / War Resistors International / World War One Encyclopedia / IFR Peace Movement
World War I / World War II / Vietnam / Iraq War / ABC-CLIO Ebooks / LAPL
SPECIALIST WEBSITES
/ / /
Women Peacemakers Program / Journal of Peace Research (JSTOR) / Quaker Peaceweb Archives / United States Institute of Peace
History of Pacifist Movements
World War I (1914-1918)
1. History of Peace Movements - Archived site profiles individuals and groups throughout history who have fought for peace. Links to articles, speeches, essays, and art about world peace.2. The Perils of Pacifism during World War I: article by Dennis Haas from Grimmel College, IA.
3. World War I and the Liberal Pacifist in the United States: article by Charles Chatfield for American Historical Review available through JSTOR (login required).
4. Conscientious Objection during World War I: article on New Zealand pacifists from New Zealand history online.
5. Conscientious Objection in Britain during the First World War: informational section of the Peace Pledge Union Project.
6. War Poetry Website: The War Poetry website provides access to war poems from the First World War to the latest conflict in Iraq, as well as bibliographical information on poets of the First World War.
7. Conscientious Objectors in Great Britain and the Dominions by Robert S. W. Pollard for Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/754652.
8. Feminist Consciousness and the First World War by Jo Vellacott for History Workshop available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/4288749.
9. Changing Attitudes towards War: The Impact of the First World War by John Mueller for British Journal of Political Science, available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/193753.
10. She Didn't Raise Her Boy to Be a Slacker: Motherhood, Conscription, and the Culture of the First World War by Susan Zeiger for Feminist Studies available through JSTOR (login required)
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3178245.
11. World War I and British Left Wing Intellectuals: The Case of Leonard T. Hobhouse by Harold Smith for Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/4048251.
12. Selective Conscientious Objection and Gillette Decision by David Malament for Philosophy and Public Affairs available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/2265098.
13. Religious and Conscientious Objection by Timothy G. Todd for Stanford Law Review available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/1227529.
14. Conscientious Objection in France, Britain, and the United States by Edward R. Cain for Comparative Politics available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/421281
15. World War I and British Left Wing Intellectuals: The Case of Leonard T. Hobhouse by Harold Smith for Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/4048251.
World War II
1. Dilemmas of British Pacifists during World War II: article by Richard Rempel for the Journal of Modern World History available through JSTOR (login required).2. Journey to Peace Documentary Site - A documentary that explores the role of an individual in creating peace in times of unrest.
3. PBS The Good War: section of website on World War II pacifists and the reasons for their objection to the war.
4. Center on Conscience & War - Established in 1940 the Center on Conscience and War works to protect and extend the rights of conscientious objectors, provides GI Rights counseling, and works against the military draft and draft registration. The Center opposes all forms of conscription.
5. Peace Jam - An international education program built around leading Nobel Peace Laureates with the goal to inspire a new generation of peacemakers who will transform their local communities, themselves, and the world.
6. Peace Pledge Union - Wide range of resources on peace, war, conflict, and nonviolence. Reflective and factual material, including resources for pupils and teachers.
7. Catholic Conscientious Objection during World War II: article by Patricia McNeal for Catholic Historical Review available through JSTOR (login required).
8. Dilemmas of Christian Pacifism within a Historic Peace Church: article by J. Howard Kauffman for Sociological Analysis, available through JSTOR (login required).
9. Lewis Hershey and the Conscientious Objector: The World War II Experience: article by George Q. Flynn for Military Affairs Magazine available through JSTOR (login required).
10. Hiroshima Peace Museum: This is the official website of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum which commemorates the dropping of the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima in August 1945. In addition to visitor information about the exhibition and peace memorial park, it also includes a special online exhibition of photographs, eye-witness accounts and artifacts relating to the impact of the nuclear bomb on the people of Hiroshima. Click on link for English version.
11. Treatment of the Conscientious Objector Under the Selective Service Act of 1940 by John W. Masland for The American Political Science Review available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/1949979.
12. Conscientious Objectors in Great Britain and the Dominions by Robert S. W. Pollard for Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/754652.
Vietnam
1. Anti-War Movement in the United States (Vietnam): Oxford Companion to American Military History2. Anti-war writings by Caleb Rossiter - Progressive activist Caleb Rossiter's writings: Vietnam anti-war movement, U.S. foreign/military policy, arms trade, landmines, El Salvador, Africa.
-- http://www.calebrossiter.com Society: Issues: Peace: Articles (1)
3. The Anti-War Movement in the United States - History of the movement against the Vietnam War.
4. Willdorf, Barry - Bring the War Home. A semi-autobiographical novel of a student activist couple attempting to organize anti-war Marines in Southern California during the Vietnam War.
5. Dissent during Crisis in America: an online exhibition hosted by The UC Irvine Libraries, University of California. It focuses on 4 periods of American history when free speech and civil liberties were threatened, highlighting the ways in which dissent and protestors were treated.
6. Vietnam War Collection: This site forms part of the University of Washington Libraries Digital Collection. It provides free access to an impressive collection of political posters, leaflets and other ephemera relating to American student and youth protest movements of the 1960s and 1970s.
7. A Change of Course: American Catholics, Anticommunism, and the Vietnam War by Joseph G. Morgan for U.S. Catholic Historian available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/25154936.
8. Narrowing the Gap by Widening the Conflict: Power Politics, Symbols of Sovereignty, and the American Vietnam War Resisters' Migration to Canada by John Hagan for Law & Society Review available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/3115139
9. Micro and Macro Level Implications for a Sociology of Virtue: The Case of Draft Protesters to the Vietnam War by Harriet Engel Gross for The Sociological Quarterly available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/4105837.
10. Conscientious Objection to the Vietnam War by James Tollefson
for OAH Magazine of History available through JSTOR (login required) http://www.jstor.org/stable/25162969
11. History in Song - Includes annotated texts about American history, from Revolutionary War songs to 1960's anti-war protests.-- http://www.fortunecity.com/tinpan/parton/2/
12. Anti-War Web Ring - Directory of art projects related to the opposition of specific wars.
-- http://artcontext.org/antiWar/index.php
13. SDS: Rebels with a Cause - Site for a documentary film about Students for a Democratic Society also has historical information.
14. SNCC 1960-1966 - Six years of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee .
15. Voices from the Underground: Radical Protest and the Underground Press in the Sixties - Online exhibit of items from the Alternative Press Collection at the University of Connecticut Libraries
Iraq War
1. Active Resistance to the Roots of War / Justice not Vengeance - Nonviolent direct action group opposing the Gulf War. Includes anti-war documents and news; describes core principles and activities.2. Alternet: War on Iraq - Includes editorials on recent developments in Iraq as well as analysis of the road leading to war.
3. Americas Against Bombing - Conservative/Libertarian coalition who are opposed to the bombing of Iraq and feel that U.S foreign policy is hypocritical.
4. Anti-War Committee - Site offers news and resources for anti-war activists who oppose U.S. policies of sanctions, bombings and military aid in Colombia, Iraq, Yugoslavia and elsewhere.
5. Anti-war senator Wellstone dies in plane crash - Report on the death of Minnesota Democrat Paul Wellstone, a liberal who was the only senator facing re-election to oppose the use of military force in Iraq. Includes biographical timeline. [The Guardian]
6. Antiwar.com - Includes a daily index of the latest breaking news from a variety of media on the war in Iraq, as well as other conflicts.
7. Antiwar.com: Iraq Info - News and links for activist organizations and resources.
8. Campus Anti-War Network - Network of campus anti-war groups in the US.
9. Code Pink - Calls on women around the world to rise up and oppose the war in Iraq. Encourages all actions, from public education and free speech to nonviolent civil disobedience that can disrupt the progress toward war. Action alerts, sign-up for e-mail updates, message board for women to share their experiences working for peace, vigil news, and upcoming events.
10. D.C. Poets Against the War - Informal group of Washington area writers and activists who came together during the winter of 2003 to protest the planned U.S. invasion of Iraq. Holds poetry readings and has complied an anthology of anti-war poems. Events, anthology information, and links to related sites.
11. Global Exchange: Iraq Campaign - Includes an activist toolkit, how to get involved, news, and resources.
12. Guardian: The Anti-War Movement - Ongoing coverage, commentary and links for related resources.
13. Iraq Action Coalition - Resource center for groups and activists who are working to end the war against the people of Iraq. Includes fact sheets, ideas for action, and media coverage.
14. Iraq Occupation and Resistance Report - Information on the US occupation of Iraq and the burgeoning resistance to that occupation.
15. Iraq Occupation Focus - Anti-war activists working to end the occupation of Iraq by informing people in Britain about the realities of the occupation and helping to mobilize people against it. Offers newsletter, campaign diary, and resources for action.
16. Iraq Veterans Against the War - A group of veterans from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom committed to saving lives and ending the violence in Iraq by an immediate withdrawal of all occupying forces.
17. Iraqi Democrats Against Occupation - Campaigns for solidarity with the Iraqi people. Opposes the Anglo-American military occupation of Iraq.
18. Libertarians for Peace - Libertarians committed to ending to United States military intervention and imperialism which benefits powerful government and corporate special interests at the expense of Americans and of peoples worldwide.
19. Library of Congress - Portals to the World: Conflict in Iraq (2003-2004)_ - Includes links to comprehensive directories and databases related to the Iraq War as well as official government sources, anti-war resources, media resources, archaeology, museums and libraries.
20. Louisville Peace Web - Umbrella site for Louisville anti-war/peace activities of LCSWI (Louisville Committee to Stop the War in Iraq) and C-SAW (Citizens Standing Against War.) Local and national links, peace education, local calendar, and downloadable anti-war brochures and posters.\
21. Military Families Speak Out - An organization of people opposed to war in Iraq and who have relatives or loved ones in the military. Gives rejoinder to knee-jerk attacks that anyone opposing the war is unpatriotic, and seeks to avoid US troops dying for Bush's policies.
22. Military Families Speak Out - Organization of people who are opposed to war in Iraq and who have relatives or loved ones in the military. Includes letters from members, news, photos, and transcripts of speeches.
23. Move On - Offers information on the anti-war movement and resources for activists.
24. No to War Against Iraq - Features books, websites, articles and satire in English and Danish.
25. Peaceful Tomorrows - An advocacy organization founded by family members of September Eleventh victims. Its mission is to seek effective nonviolent responses to terrorism, and identify a commonality with all people similarly affected by violence throughout the world.
26. Poets Against the War - Provides a venue for poets to voice their conscience against impending war. Index of poems, searchable schedule of readings, chapbook, resources for organizing readings, and press coverage.
27. Radio Baghdad - Protests the US invasion of Iraq. Includes audio files, articles, pictures, and related resources.
28. Stop the War Coalition - UK anti-war organization. Provides news, articles, mailing lists, calendar of peace events, photos, and resources for groups and individuals.
29. The Anti-War Tribune - Promotes anti-war activities. Includes links to international news and pro-peace organizations.
30. The Irish Anti-War Movement - Includes information about demonstrations and Iraqi sanctions, posters, flyers, factsheets, and discussion forum.